Human parainfluenza viruses(HPIV)are common viral pathogens in acute respiratory infection(ARI).We aimed to describe the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HPIV from ARI patients.This cross-sectional stu...Human parainfluenza viruses(HPIV)are common viral pathogens in acute respiratory infection(ARI).We aimed to describe the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HPIV from ARI patients.This cross-sectional study was conducted using respiratory samples from 9,696 ARI patients between 2016 and 2020 in southern China.All samples were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the presence of HPIV and other common respiratory viruses.Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the temporal and population distribution of HPIV.The fulllength hemagglutinin-neuraminidase(HN)gene of HPIV3-positive samples was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.A total of 577(6.0%)patients tested positive for HPIV,with HPIV3 being the predominant serotype,accounting for 46.8%of cases.Notably,66.0%of these HPIV-positive cases were children aged 0-2 years.The prevalence of HPIV infections showed a decreased trend and altered peak during 2016-2020.Cough,fever,sputum production,and rhinorrhea were common respiratory symptoms in HPIV-positive patients.The majority of cases had pneumonia(63.4%).Human rhinovirus(HRV)and human coronavirus(HCoV)were the most common coinfection viruses in HPIV-positive cases,with proportions of 20.1%and 14.4%,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the predominant lineage of HPIV3 was C3f(86.0%),followed by lineage C3a(8.0%),C3d(4.0%),and C3b(2.0%).These findings help to better understand the epidemiology of HPIV,and improve public health strategies to prevent and control HPIV infections in southern China.展开更多
Background:Chronic hyperuricemia is associated with complications such as gout and uric acid nephropathy,but uric acid also exhibits biological activities(e.g.,antioxidant effects,potential neuroprotective properties ...Background:Chronic hyperuricemia is associated with complications such as gout and uric acid nephropathy,but uric acid also exhibits biological activities(e.g.,antioxidant effects,potential neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative diseases).Nonhuman primates are ideal models for studying neurodegenerative diseases;however,existing nonhuman primate hyperuricemia models cannot sustain long-term elevated serum uric acid levels,nor recapitulate the impaired uric acid excretion observed in clinical hyperuricemic patients.Methods:First,we detected uricase expression in cynomolgus monkeys and compared it with that in mice.Then,we established a cynomolgus monkey hyperuricemia model by administering a mixture of potassium oxonate,hydrochlorothiazide,and adenine via fruits and vegetables.We further analyzed the regulatory effects of this model on uric acid metabolism(synthesis,degradation,and excretion)and the expression of uric acid transporter genes in the intestine and kidney.Results:Cynomolgus monkeys express functional uricase,but at a lower level than mice.The established model maintained stable,long-term hyperuricemia by three mechanisms:increasing intestinal and renal uric acid excretion load,inhibiting hepatic uric acid degradation,and promoting uric acid synthesis.Additionally,the model downregulated the expression of intestinal/renal uric acid-secreting transporter genes,while upregulating uric acid-reabsorbing transporter genes.Conclusions:This novel cynomolgus monkey hyperuricemia model provides a new tool for investigating the association between hyperuricemia and neurodegenerative diseases,and will help clarify the mechanism by which serum uric acid influences cognitive function.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention of China(2017ZX10103011)Guangdong Marine Economy Development Special Project of China(NO.GDNRC[2022]35)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171675,82101775,82071352,82341094)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(2022A1515011156).
文摘Human parainfluenza viruses(HPIV)are common viral pathogens in acute respiratory infection(ARI).We aimed to describe the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HPIV from ARI patients.This cross-sectional study was conducted using respiratory samples from 9,696 ARI patients between 2016 and 2020 in southern China.All samples were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the presence of HPIV and other common respiratory viruses.Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the temporal and population distribution of HPIV.The fulllength hemagglutinin-neuraminidase(HN)gene of HPIV3-positive samples was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.A total of 577(6.0%)patients tested positive for HPIV,with HPIV3 being the predominant serotype,accounting for 46.8%of cases.Notably,66.0%of these HPIV-positive cases were children aged 0-2 years.The prevalence of HPIV infections showed a decreased trend and altered peak during 2016-2020.Cough,fever,sputum production,and rhinorrhea were common respiratory symptoms in HPIV-positive patients.The majority of cases had pneumonia(63.4%).Human rhinovirus(HRV)and human coronavirus(HCoV)were the most common coinfection viruses in HPIV-positive cases,with proportions of 20.1%and 14.4%,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the predominant lineage of HPIV3 was C3f(86.0%),followed by lineage C3a(8.0%),C3d(4.0%),and C3b(2.0%).These findings help to better understand the epidemiology of HPIV,and improve public health strategies to prevent and control HPIV infections in southern China.
基金The Yunnan“Xingdian Talent Program”Yunling Scholar Project,(Grant No.CA24129L025A)National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32160157 and 82160564Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202202AG050008)。
文摘Background:Chronic hyperuricemia is associated with complications such as gout and uric acid nephropathy,but uric acid also exhibits biological activities(e.g.,antioxidant effects,potential neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative diseases).Nonhuman primates are ideal models for studying neurodegenerative diseases;however,existing nonhuman primate hyperuricemia models cannot sustain long-term elevated serum uric acid levels,nor recapitulate the impaired uric acid excretion observed in clinical hyperuricemic patients.Methods:First,we detected uricase expression in cynomolgus monkeys and compared it with that in mice.Then,we established a cynomolgus monkey hyperuricemia model by administering a mixture of potassium oxonate,hydrochlorothiazide,and adenine via fruits and vegetables.We further analyzed the regulatory effects of this model on uric acid metabolism(synthesis,degradation,and excretion)and the expression of uric acid transporter genes in the intestine and kidney.Results:Cynomolgus monkeys express functional uricase,but at a lower level than mice.The established model maintained stable,long-term hyperuricemia by three mechanisms:increasing intestinal and renal uric acid excretion load,inhibiting hepatic uric acid degradation,and promoting uric acid synthesis.Additionally,the model downregulated the expression of intestinal/renal uric acid-secreting transporter genes,while upregulating uric acid-reabsorbing transporter genes.Conclusions:This novel cynomolgus monkey hyperuricemia model provides a new tool for investigating the association between hyperuricemia and neurodegenerative diseases,and will help clarify the mechanism by which serum uric acid influences cognitive function.
