Neural activities differentiating bodies versus non-body stimuli have been identified in the occipitotemporal cortex of both humans and nonhuman primates.However,the neural mechanisms of coding the similarity of diffe...Neural activities differentiating bodies versus non-body stimuli have been identified in the occipitotemporal cortex of both humans and nonhuman primates.However,the neural mechanisms of coding the similarity of different individuals’bodies of the same species to support their categorical representations remain unclear.Using electroencephalography(EEG)and magnetoencephalography(MEG),we investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of neural processes shared by different individual body silhouettes of the same species by quantifying the repetition suppression of neural responses to human and animal(chimpanzee,dog,and bird)body silhouettes showing different postures.Our EEG results revealed significant repetition suppression of the amplitudes of early frontal/central activity at 180–220 ms(P2)and late occipitoparietal activity at 220–320 ms(P270)in response to animal(but not human)body silhouettes of the same species.Our MEG results further localized the repetition suppression effect related to animal body silhouettes in the left supramarginal gyrus and left frontal cortex at 200–440 ms after stimulus onset.Our findings suggest two neural processes that are involved in spontaneous categorical representations of animal body silhouettes as a cognitive basis of human-animal interactions.展开更多
In this study,we investigated how empathic neural responses unfold over time in different empathy networks when viewing same-race and other-race individuals in dynamic painful conditions.We recorded magnetoencephalogr...In this study,we investigated how empathic neural responses unfold over time in different empathy networks when viewing same-race and other-race individuals in dynamic painful conditions.We recorded magnetoencephalography signals from Chinese adults when viewing video clips showing a dynamic painful(or non-painful)stimulation to Asian and White models’faces to trigger painful(or neutral)expressions.We found that perceived dynamic pain in Asian models modulated neural activities in the visual cortex at 100 ms–200 ms,in the orbitofrontal and subgenual anterior cingulate cortices at 150 ms–200 ms,in the anterior cingulate cortex around 250 ms–350 ms,and in the temporoparietal junction and middle temporal gyrus around 600 ms after video onset.Perceived dynamic pain in White models modulated activities in the visual,anterior cingulate,and primary sensory cortices after 500 ms.Our findings unraveled earlier dynamic activities in multiple neural circuits in response to same-race(vs other-race)individuals in dynamic painful situations.展开更多
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)has shown remarkable results in estimating vegetation carbon cycles,and combining it with the photochemical reflectance index(PRI)has great potential for estimating gross pri...Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)has shown remarkable results in estimating vegetation carbon cycles,and combining it with the photochemical reflectance index(PRI)has great potential for estimating gross primary productivity(GPP).However,few studies have used SIF combined with PRI to estimate crop canopy GPP.Large temporal and spatial variability between SIF,PRI,and GPP has also been found in remote sensing observations,and the observed PRI and SIF are influenced by the ratio of different observed information(e.g.,background,direct sunlit,and shaded leaves)and the physiological state of the vegetation.In this study,the PRI and SIF from a multi-angle spectrometer and the GPP from an eddy covariance system were used to assess the ability of the PRI to enhance the SIF-GPP estimation model.A semi-empirical kernel-driven Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function(BRDF)model was used to describe the hotspot PRI/SIF(PRIhs/SIFhs),and a modified two-leaf model was used to calculate the total canopy PRI/SIF(PRItot/SIFtot).We compared the accuracies of PRIhs/SIFhs and PRItot/SIFtot in estimating GPP.The results indicated that the PRItot+SIFtot-GPP model performed the best,with a correlation coefficient(R2)of the validation dataset of 0.88,a root mean square error(RMSE)of 3.74,and relative prediction deviation(RPD)of 2.71.The leaf area index(LAI)had a linear effect on the PRI/SIF estimation of GPP,but the temperature and vapor pressure differences had nonlinear effects.Compared with hotspot PRIhs/SIFhs,PRItot/SIFtot exhibited better consistency with GPP across different time series.Our research demonstrates that PRI is effective in enhancing SIF and PRI for estimating GPP on the rice canopy and also suggests that the two-leaf model would contribute to the vegetation index tracking the real-time crop productivity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230043 and 32371092)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0707103)+1 种基金Das Chinesisch-Deutsche Zentrum für Wissenschaftsförderung(M-0093)the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University.
文摘Neural activities differentiating bodies versus non-body stimuli have been identified in the occipitotemporal cortex of both humans and nonhuman primates.However,the neural mechanisms of coding the similarity of different individuals’bodies of the same species to support their categorical representations remain unclear.Using electroencephalography(EEG)and magnetoencephalography(MEG),we investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of neural processes shared by different individual body silhouettes of the same species by quantifying the repetition suppression of neural responses to human and animal(chimpanzee,dog,and bird)body silhouettes showing different postures.Our EEG results revealed significant repetition suppression of the amplitudes of early frontal/central activity at 180–220 ms(P2)and late occipitoparietal activity at 220–320 ms(P270)in response to animal(but not human)body silhouettes of the same species.Our MEG results further localized the repetition suppression effect related to animal body silhouettes in the left supramarginal gyrus and left frontal cortex at 200–440 ms after stimulus onset.Our findings suggest two neural processes that are involved in spontaneous categorical representations of animal body silhouettes as a cognitive basis of human-animal interactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230043)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0707103)+1 种基金Das Chinesisch-Deutsche Zentrum fur Wissenschaftsforderung(M-0093)the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University。
文摘In this study,we investigated how empathic neural responses unfold over time in different empathy networks when viewing same-race and other-race individuals in dynamic painful conditions.We recorded magnetoencephalography signals from Chinese adults when viewing video clips showing a dynamic painful(or non-painful)stimulation to Asian and White models’faces to trigger painful(or neutral)expressions.We found that perceived dynamic pain in Asian models modulated neural activities in the visual cortex at 100 ms–200 ms,in the orbitofrontal and subgenual anterior cingulate cortices at 150 ms–200 ms,in the anterior cingulate cortex around 250 ms–350 ms,and in the temporoparietal junction and middle temporal gyrus around 600 ms after video onset.Perceived dynamic pain in White models modulated activities in the visual,anterior cingulate,and primary sensory cortices after 500 ms.Our findings unraveled earlier dynamic activities in multiple neural circuits in response to same-race(vs other-race)individuals in dynamic painful situations.
基金supported by the Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology(JKLAM2301).
文摘Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)has shown remarkable results in estimating vegetation carbon cycles,and combining it with the photochemical reflectance index(PRI)has great potential for estimating gross primary productivity(GPP).However,few studies have used SIF combined with PRI to estimate crop canopy GPP.Large temporal and spatial variability between SIF,PRI,and GPP has also been found in remote sensing observations,and the observed PRI and SIF are influenced by the ratio of different observed information(e.g.,background,direct sunlit,and shaded leaves)and the physiological state of the vegetation.In this study,the PRI and SIF from a multi-angle spectrometer and the GPP from an eddy covariance system were used to assess the ability of the PRI to enhance the SIF-GPP estimation model.A semi-empirical kernel-driven Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function(BRDF)model was used to describe the hotspot PRI/SIF(PRIhs/SIFhs),and a modified two-leaf model was used to calculate the total canopy PRI/SIF(PRItot/SIFtot).We compared the accuracies of PRIhs/SIFhs and PRItot/SIFtot in estimating GPP.The results indicated that the PRItot+SIFtot-GPP model performed the best,with a correlation coefficient(R2)of the validation dataset of 0.88,a root mean square error(RMSE)of 3.74,and relative prediction deviation(RPD)of 2.71.The leaf area index(LAI)had a linear effect on the PRI/SIF estimation of GPP,but the temperature and vapor pressure differences had nonlinear effects.Compared with hotspot PRIhs/SIFhs,PRItot/SIFtot exhibited better consistency with GPP across different time series.Our research demonstrates that PRI is effective in enhancing SIF and PRI for estimating GPP on the rice canopy and also suggests that the two-leaf model would contribute to the vegetation index tracking the real-time crop productivity.
