Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased clonin...Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.展开更多
Heading date(flowering time)determines the adaptability of cultivars to different environments.We report the fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qHD1b,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)responsible for early flowe...Heading date(flowering time)determines the adaptability of cultivars to different environments.We report the fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qHD1b,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)responsible for early flowering that was derived from common wild rice(O.rufipogon)under both short-day and longday conditions.The introgression line IL7391,which carried segments from common wild rice in a Zhonghui 8015(ZH8015)background,exhibited early heading compared to the background and was crossed with ZH8015 to generate BC_(5)F_(2:3) families for QTL analysis.This enabled the identification of two heading-date QTL,named qHD1b and qHD7,of which the first was selected for further research.High-resolution linkage analysis was performed in BC_(5)F_(4:5) and BC_(5)F_(6) populations,and the location of qHD1b was confined to a 112.7-kb interval containing 17 predicted genes.Five of these genes contained polymorphisms in the promoter or coding regions and were thus considered as candidates.Expression analysis revealed a positive association between LOC_Os01g11940 expression and early heading.This locus was annotated as OsFTL1,which encodes an ortholog of Arabidopsis Flowering Locus T and was the most likely candidate gene for qHD1b.Our study revealed that qHD1b acts as a floral activator that promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1,Hd3a,RFT1,OsMADS14,and OsMADS15 under both shortday and long-day conditions.Field experiments showed that qHD1b affected several yield-related agronomic traits including 1000-grain weight and grain length.qHD1b could be useful for marker-assisted selection and breeding of early-maturing cultivars.展开更多
Dear Editor,CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has revolutionized plant breeding by enabling precise genetic modifications in staple crops such as rice and wheat(Zhu et al.,2020).Through targeted gene knockout or knockdown,th...Dear Editor,CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has revolutionized plant breeding by enabling precise genetic modifications in staple crops such as rice and wheat(Zhu et al.,2020).Through targeted gene knockout or knockdown,this technology has demonstrated remarkable success in improving yield potential,stress resistance,and nutritional quality(Zhang et al.,2017,2021;Li et al.,2024).展开更多
Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions.This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid ric...Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions.This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid rice breeding in China,focusing on the utilization of heterosis of indica and japonica subspecies,construction of ideal plant architecture and pyramiding of disease resistant genes in restorer lines.To develop super hybrid rice,considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield,good quality,resistance to pests and diseases,tolerance to stresses.Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding.展开更多
Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CPKs),the best-characterized calcium sensors in plants,regulate many aspects of plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.However,how CPK...Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CPKs),the best-characterized calcium sensors in plants,regulate many aspects of plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.However,how CPKs regulate the antioxidant defense system remains largely unknown.We previously found that impaired function of OsCPK12 leads to oxidative stress in rice,with more H_(2)O_(2),lower catalase(CAT)activity,and lower yield.Here,we explored the roles of OsCPK12 in oxidative stress tolerance in rice.Our results show that OsCPK12 interacts with and phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11.Knockout of either OsCATA or OsCATC leads to an oxidative stress phenotype accompanied by higher accumulation of H_(2)O_(2).Overexpression of the phosphomimetic proteins OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D in oscpk12-cr reduced the level of H2O2 accumulation.Moreover,OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D showed enhanced catalase activity in vivo and in vitro.OsCPK12-overexpressing plants exhibited higher CAT activity as well as higher tolerance to oxidative stress.Ourndings demonstrate that OsCPK12 affects CAT enzyme activity by phosphorylating OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11 to regulate H2O2 homeostasis,thereby mediating oxidative stress tolerance in rice.展开更多
基金supported by Projects of International Cooperation NSFC(31961143016,31101203)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(QKHJC-ZK[2022]YB537)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutions(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202102,Y2020YJ17)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology(2020Z2KT10201)High-quality and Resistant Hybrid Rice Germplasm Creation and New Varieties Development with International Competitiveness(2022KJCX45,YBXM2437)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2022R51009)Inner Mongolia Breeding Joint Research Project(YZ2023004).
文摘Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871604,32071996,and 31961143016)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutions(CPSIBRFCNRRI-202102)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP2013-CNRRI).
文摘Heading date(flowering time)determines the adaptability of cultivars to different environments.We report the fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qHD1b,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)responsible for early flowering that was derived from common wild rice(O.rufipogon)under both short-day and longday conditions.The introgression line IL7391,which carried segments from common wild rice in a Zhonghui 8015(ZH8015)background,exhibited early heading compared to the background and was crossed with ZH8015 to generate BC_(5)F_(2:3) families for QTL analysis.This enabled the identification of two heading-date QTL,named qHD1b and qHD7,of which the first was selected for further research.High-resolution linkage analysis was performed in BC_(5)F_(4:5) and BC_(5)F_(6) populations,and the location of qHD1b was confined to a 112.7-kb interval containing 17 predicted genes.Five of these genes contained polymorphisms in the promoter or coding regions and were thus considered as candidates.Expression analysis revealed a positive association between LOC_Os01g11940 expression and early heading.This locus was annotated as OsFTL1,which encodes an ortholog of Arabidopsis Flowering Locus T and was the most likely candidate gene for qHD1b.Our study revealed that qHD1b acts as a floral activator that promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1,Hd3a,RFT1,OsMADS14,and OsMADS15 under both shortday and long-day conditions.Field experiments showed that qHD1b affected several yield-related agronomic traits including 1000-grain weight and grain length.qHD1b could be useful for marker-assisted selection and breeding of early-maturing cultivars.
基金supported by the Projects of International Cooperation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31961143016)the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,High-Quality and Resistant Hybrid Rice Germplasm Creation and New Variety Development with International Competitiveness(2022KJCX45 and YBXM2437)+4 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2022R51009)the Inner Mongolia Breeding Joint Research Project(YZ2023004)the Xing’an League Science and Technology Project(2023DXZD0001)the National Rice Industrial Technology System(CARS-01-11)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding(20240303).
文摘Dear Editor,CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has revolutionized plant breeding by enabling precise genetic modifications in staple crops such as rice and wheat(Zhu et al.,2020).Through targeted gene knockout or knockdown,this technology has demonstrated remarkable success in improving yield potential,stress resistance,and nutritional quality(Zhang et al.,2017,2021;Li et al.,2024).
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Super Rice Breeding Program(201403002)Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101209).
文摘Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions.This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid rice breeding in China,focusing on the utilization of heterosis of indica and japonica subspecies,construction of ideal plant architecture and pyramiding of disease resistant genes in restorer lines.To develop super hybrid rice,considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield,good quality,resistance to pests and diseases,tolerance to stresses.Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#32100224 and#31961143016)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China (2022R51009)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2013-CNRRI)the Earmarked Fund for the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-01)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.LY23C130003).No conflict of interest is declared.
文摘Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CPKs),the best-characterized calcium sensors in plants,regulate many aspects of plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.However,how CPKs regulate the antioxidant defense system remains largely unknown.We previously found that impaired function of OsCPK12 leads to oxidative stress in rice,with more H_(2)O_(2),lower catalase(CAT)activity,and lower yield.Here,we explored the roles of OsCPK12 in oxidative stress tolerance in rice.Our results show that OsCPK12 interacts with and phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11.Knockout of either OsCATA or OsCATC leads to an oxidative stress phenotype accompanied by higher accumulation of H_(2)O_(2).Overexpression of the phosphomimetic proteins OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D in oscpk12-cr reduced the level of H2O2 accumulation.Moreover,OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D showed enhanced catalase activity in vivo and in vitro.OsCPK12-overexpressing plants exhibited higher CAT activity as well as higher tolerance to oxidative stress.Ourndings demonstrate that OsCPK12 affects CAT enzyme activity by phosphorylating OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11 to regulate H2O2 homeostasis,thereby mediating oxidative stress tolerance in rice.
