In modern industrial applications,ensuring the reliability of mechanical fittings is critical for maintaining operational safety and efficiency,particularly in power grid systems where split pins serve a pivotal role ...In modern industrial applications,ensuring the reliability of mechanical fittings is critical for maintaining operational safety and efficiency,particularly in power grid systems where split pins serve a pivotal role despite being susceptible to environmental degradation and failure.Existing UAV-based inspection systems are hampered by a low representation of split pin elements and complex backgrounds,leading to challenges in accurate fault detection and timely maintenance.To address this pressing issue,our study proposes an innovative fault detection method for split pins.The approach employs a three-step process:first,cropping operations are used to accurately isolate the fittings containing split pins;second,super-resolution reconstruction is applied to enhance image clarity and detail;and finally,an improved YOLOv8 network,augmented with inner-shape IoU and local window attention mechanisms,is utilized to refine local feature extraction and annotation accuracy.Experimental evaluations on a split pin defect dataset demonstrate robust performance,achieving an accuracy rate of 72.1%and a mean average precision(mAP)of 67.7%,thereby validating the method’s effectiveness under challenging conditions.The proposed approach contributes to the field by specifically targeting the challenges associated with split pin detection in UAV-based inspections,offering a practically applicable and reliably precise method.展开更多
The efficiency of direct electron flow from electron donors to electron acceptors in redox reactions is significantly influenced by the spatial separation of these components.Geobatteries,a class of redox-active subst...The efficiency of direct electron flow from electron donors to electron acceptors in redox reactions is significantly influenced by the spatial separation of these components.Geobatteries,a class of redox-active substances naturally present in soil-water systems,act as electron reservoirs,reversibly donating,storing,and accepting electrons.This capability allows the temporal and spatial decoupling of redox half-reactions,providing a flexible electron transfer mechanism.In this review,we systematically examine the critical role of geobatteries in influencing electron transfer and utilization in environmental biogeochemical processes.Typical redox-active centers within geobatteries,such as quinone-like moieties,nitrogen-and sulfur-containing groups,and variable-valent metals,possess the potential to repeatedly charge and discharge.Various characterization techniques,ranging from qualitative methods like elemental analysis,imaging,and spectroscopy,to quantitative techniques such as chemical,spectroscopic,and electrochemical methods,have been developed to evaluate this reversible electron transfer capacity.Additionally,current research on the ecological and environmental significance of geobatteries extends beyond natural soil-water systems(e.g.,soil carbon cycle)to engineered systems such as water treatment(e.g.,nitrogen removal)and waste management(e.g.,anaerobic digestion).Despite these advancements,challenges such as the complexity of environmental systems,difficulties in accurately quantifying electron exchange capacity,and scaling-up issues must be addressed to fully unlock their potential.This review underscores both the promise and challenges associated with geobatteries in responding to environmental issues,such as climate change and pollutant transformation.展开更多
A recent study by T olgyesi et al.[1]assessed the global poten tial of ecosystem restoration to mitigate climate change,concluding that restored ecosystems have very limited carbon sequestration potential(here referri...A recent study by T olgyesi et al.[1]assessed the global poten tial of ecosystem restoration to mitigate climate change,concluding that restored ecosystems have very limited carbon sequestration potential(here referring to the net long-term uptake and storage of atmospheric CO_(2)in biomass and soils),compared to historical human carbon emissions.While this key message of their work may be valid,we need to highlight several important limitations in commonly used assumptions when such modeling approaches are applied to anthropogenically converted wetlands and peatlands.展开更多
Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services,from carbon sequestration and floodmitigation to biodiversity support,yet over 20%have been lost in recent centuries,prompting global restoration efforts backed by policie...Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services,from carbon sequestration and floodmitigation to biodiversity support,yet over 20%have been lost in recent centuries,prompting global restoration efforts backed by policies like the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.Despite rapid expansion of restoration projects,conventional monitoring remains short-term,expert-driven,and often disconnected from site-specificecological dynamics,limiting adaptive management and long-term success.Citizen science has revolutionized ecological monitoring in other domains by enabling scalable,participatory data collection,but its application to wetland restoration has been largely overlooked.In this Perspective,we assess 120 restoration project sites worldwide and findthat citizen science is currently integrated into fewer than 20%of projects even in high-activity regions like Europe,leaving significantsocial and geographic potential untapped.We findthat recent advances in affordable remote sensing,miniaturized sensors,and mobile platforms—supported by rigorous data-validation frameworks—are now overcoming historical constraints regarding data reliability and spatial continuity.These technological shifts,when coupled with emerging institutional recognition,allow citizengenerated data to serve as a scalable,cost-effective infrastructure for monitoring ecological change over meaningful timescales.Systematically integrating public participation into restoration practice is therefore essential for closing critical monitoring gaps and ensuring the long-term sustainability of global wetland ecosystems.展开更多
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023MS134)。
文摘In modern industrial applications,ensuring the reliability of mechanical fittings is critical for maintaining operational safety and efficiency,particularly in power grid systems where split pins serve a pivotal role despite being susceptible to environmental degradation and failure.Existing UAV-based inspection systems are hampered by a low representation of split pin elements and complex backgrounds,leading to challenges in accurate fault detection and timely maintenance.To address this pressing issue,our study proposes an innovative fault detection method for split pins.The approach employs a three-step process:first,cropping operations are used to accurately isolate the fittings containing split pins;second,super-resolution reconstruction is applied to enhance image clarity and detail;and finally,an improved YOLOv8 network,augmented with inner-shape IoU and local window attention mechanisms,is utilized to refine local feature extraction and annotation accuracy.Experimental evaluations on a split pin defect dataset demonstrate robust performance,achieving an accuracy rate of 72.1%and a mean average precision(mAP)of 67.7%,thereby validating the method’s effectiveness under challenging conditions.The proposed approach contributes to the field by specifically targeting the challenges associated with split pin detection in UAV-based inspections,offering a practically applicable and reliably precise method.
基金European Union's Horizon Europe programme(WET HORIZONS,GA number 101056848)China Scholarship Council(No.CXXM20220022).
文摘The efficiency of direct electron flow from electron donors to electron acceptors in redox reactions is significantly influenced by the spatial separation of these components.Geobatteries,a class of redox-active substances naturally present in soil-water systems,act as electron reservoirs,reversibly donating,storing,and accepting electrons.This capability allows the temporal and spatial decoupling of redox half-reactions,providing a flexible electron transfer mechanism.In this review,we systematically examine the critical role of geobatteries in influencing electron transfer and utilization in environmental biogeochemical processes.Typical redox-active centers within geobatteries,such as quinone-like moieties,nitrogen-and sulfur-containing groups,and variable-valent metals,possess the potential to repeatedly charge and discharge.Various characterization techniques,ranging from qualitative methods like elemental analysis,imaging,and spectroscopy,to quantitative techniques such as chemical,spectroscopic,and electrochemical methods,have been developed to evaluate this reversible electron transfer capacity.Additionally,current research on the ecological and environmental significance of geobatteries extends beyond natural soil-water systems(e.g.,soil carbon cycle)to engineered systems such as water treatment(e.g.,nitrogen removal)and waste management(e.g.,anaerobic digestion).Despite these advancements,challenges such as the complexity of environmental systems,difficulties in accurately quantifying electron exchange capacity,and scaling-up issues must be addressed to fully unlock their potential.This review underscores both the promise and challenges associated with geobatteries in responding to environmental issues,such as climate change and pollutant transformation.
基金supported by the Horizon Europe project Wet Horizons(Grant Agreement No.101056848).
文摘A recent study by T olgyesi et al.[1]assessed the global poten tial of ecosystem restoration to mitigate climate change,concluding that restored ecosystems have very limited carbon sequestration potential(here referring to the net long-term uptake and storage of atmospheric CO_(2)in biomass and soils),compared to historical human carbon emissions.While this key message of their work may be valid,we need to highlight several important limitations in commonly used assumptions when such modeling approaches are applied to anthropogenically converted wetlands and peatlands.
基金supported by the European Union's Horizon Europe programmes WET HORIZONS(Grant Agreement 101056848)NBS4Drought(Grant Agreement 101181351)PATTERN(Grant Agreement 101094416).
文摘Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services,from carbon sequestration and floodmitigation to biodiversity support,yet over 20%have been lost in recent centuries,prompting global restoration efforts backed by policies like the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.Despite rapid expansion of restoration projects,conventional monitoring remains short-term,expert-driven,and often disconnected from site-specificecological dynamics,limiting adaptive management and long-term success.Citizen science has revolutionized ecological monitoring in other domains by enabling scalable,participatory data collection,but its application to wetland restoration has been largely overlooked.In this Perspective,we assess 120 restoration project sites worldwide and findthat citizen science is currently integrated into fewer than 20%of projects even in high-activity regions like Europe,leaving significantsocial and geographic potential untapped.We findthat recent advances in affordable remote sensing,miniaturized sensors,and mobile platforms—supported by rigorous data-validation frameworks—are now overcoming historical constraints regarding data reliability and spatial continuity.These technological shifts,when coupled with emerging institutional recognition,allow citizengenerated data to serve as a scalable,cost-effective infrastructure for monitoring ecological change over meaningful timescales.Systematically integrating public participation into restoration practice is therefore essential for closing critical monitoring gaps and ensuring the long-term sustainability of global wetland ecosystems.
