BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their e...BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review...BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.展开更多
Long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a major problem in orthopedic treatment.Artificial bone graft materials such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate(PLGA/β-TCP)scaffolds are expect...Long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a major problem in orthopedic treatment.Artificial bone graft materials such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate(PLGA/β-TCP)scaffolds are expected to solve this problem due to their suitable degradation rate and good osteoconductivity.However,insufficient mechanical properties,lack of osteoinductivity and infections after implanted limit its large-scale clinical application.Hence,we proposed a novel bone repair bioscaffold by adding zinc submicron particles to PLGA/β-TCP using low temperature rapid prototyping 3D printing technology.We first screened the scaffolds with 1 wt%Zn that had good biocompatibility and could stably release a safe dose of zinc ions within 16 weeks to ensure long-term non-toxicity.As designed,the scaffold had a multi-level porous structure of biomimetic cancellous bone,and the Young’s modulus(63.41±1.89 MPa)and compressive strength(2.887±0.025 MPa)of the scaffold were close to those of cancellous bone.In addition,after a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments,the scaffolds proved to have no adverse effects on the viability of BMSCs and promoted their adhesion and osteogenic differentiation,as well as exhibiting higher osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties than PLGA/β-TCP scaffold without zinc particles.We also found that this osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effect might be related to Wnt/β-catenin,P38 MAPK and NFkB pathways.This study lay a foundation for the follow-up study of bone regeneration mechanism of Zn-containing biomaterials.We envision that this scaffold may become a new strategy for clinical treatment of bone defects.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund (2022-PUMCH-B-109)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-1-I2M-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.
基金supported by Tsinghua University-Peking Union Medical College Hospital Initiative Scientific Research Program(20191080871)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272464,82002314).
文摘Long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a major problem in orthopedic treatment.Artificial bone graft materials such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate(PLGA/β-TCP)scaffolds are expected to solve this problem due to their suitable degradation rate and good osteoconductivity.However,insufficient mechanical properties,lack of osteoinductivity and infections after implanted limit its large-scale clinical application.Hence,we proposed a novel bone repair bioscaffold by adding zinc submicron particles to PLGA/β-TCP using low temperature rapid prototyping 3D printing technology.We first screened the scaffolds with 1 wt%Zn that had good biocompatibility and could stably release a safe dose of zinc ions within 16 weeks to ensure long-term non-toxicity.As designed,the scaffold had a multi-level porous structure of biomimetic cancellous bone,and the Young’s modulus(63.41±1.89 MPa)and compressive strength(2.887±0.025 MPa)of the scaffold were close to those of cancellous bone.In addition,after a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments,the scaffolds proved to have no adverse effects on the viability of BMSCs and promoted their adhesion and osteogenic differentiation,as well as exhibiting higher osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties than PLGA/β-TCP scaffold without zinc particles.We also found that this osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effect might be related to Wnt/β-catenin,P38 MAPK and NFkB pathways.This study lay a foundation for the follow-up study of bone regeneration mechanism of Zn-containing biomaterials.We envision that this scaffold may become a new strategy for clinical treatment of bone defects.
