Background: Immunotherapy has shown promise against solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)...Background: Immunotherapy has shown promise against solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the prognostic effect of PD-L1 in PDAC.Data sources: Electronic search of the Pub Med, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was performed until December 2016. Through database searches, we identified articles describing the relationship between PD-L1 status and PDAC patient prognosis. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between PD-1 and overall survival(OS).Results: Nine studies with 989 PDAC patients were included for PD-L1 expression analysis. And 5 studies with 688 PDAC patients were included in the prognostic analysis. The PD-L1 positive rate measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC) was higher than that measured by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(P < 0.001). PDAC patients with high expression levels of PD-L1 had significantly reduced OS(HR = 2.34;95% CI: 1.78–3.08). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognostic effect of PD-L1 levels was similar between the IHC and PCR methods. The PD-L1 positive rate was associated with PDAC T stages; the PD-L1 positive rate in the T3–4 group was higher than that in the T1-2 group(OR = 0.37; P = 0.001).Conclusions: High PD-L1 expression levels predicted a poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Thus, PD-L1 status helps determine treatment in PDAC patients.展开更多
Busulfan/cyclophosphamide(Bu/Cy) conditioning regimen has been widely used to treat cancer patients,while their effects on major internal organs in females are not fully understood.We treated female mice with Bu/Cy,an...Busulfan/cyclophosphamide(Bu/Cy) conditioning regimen has been widely used to treat cancer patients,while their effects on major internal organs in females are not fully understood.We treated female mice with Bu/Cy,and examined the histopathology of major internal organs on Day 30 after the treatment.The results show that Bu/Cy treatment affected the ovaries most extensively,while it had less effect on the spleen,lungs,and kidneys,and no effect on the heart,liver,stomach,and pancreas.To better understand the effect of Bu/Cy on the ovaries,we counted follicles,and determined the levels of ovarian steroids.The Bu/Cy-treated mice showed a reduction of primordial and primary follicles(P<0.01) on Day 30 and a marked loss of follicles at all developmental stages(P<0.01) on Day 60.Plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone in Bu/Cy-treated mice decreased by 43.9% and 61.4%,respectively.Thus,there was a gradual process of follicle loss and low estradiol in Bu/Cy-treated mice;this is a profile similar to what is found in women with premature ovarian failure(POF).The Bu/Cy-treated mice may serve as a useful animal model to study the dynamics of follicle loss in women undergoing POF.展开更多
The surface of Tb_(0.3)Dy_(0.7)Fe_(2) alloys was modified by microwave electron-cyclotron-resonance chemical vapor deposition(MW-ECR-CVD)and ion implantation technology,respectively.The microstructure and corrosion re...The surface of Tb_(0.3)Dy_(0.7)Fe_(2) alloys was modified by microwave electron-cyclotron-resonance chemical vapor deposition(MW-ECR-CVD)and ion implantation technology,respectively.The microstructure and corrosion resistance of nitrided layers were investigated by means of optical microscope(OM),X-ray diffractomer(XRD),auger electron spectroscopy(AES),and electrochemical workstation.After modified by MW-ECR-CVD,the nitrogen concentration of the nitrided layers decreases gradually with the depth increasing,while the nitrogen concentration modified by ion implantation process exhibits Gaussian distribution.The self-corrosion electric potential of the sample modified by ion implantation is higher than that modified by MW-ECR-CVD,which reveals that the samples modified by ion implantation process have a better resistance to corrosion.The magnetostrictions are assessed for the samples placed in the air for one year,which further confirms that the ion implantation process is more helpful to maintain the magnetostrictions.展开更多
To get a systematic understanding about dependence of deposition conditions on properties of Gd films,a series of Gd films were prepared under different Ar gas pressures:0.5,0.7,1.0,and 1.5 Pa,and another series of Gd...To get a systematic understanding about dependence of deposition conditions on properties of Gd films,a series of Gd films were prepared under different Ar gas pressures:0.5,0.7,1.0,and 1.5 Pa,and another series of Gd films were prepared under different substrate temperatures:25,100,200,350,and 500℃.The effects of the deposition time,Ar pressure,and substrate temperature on microstructures and crystal orientation were investigated by grazingincidence X-ray diffraction(GIXRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental results show that low Ar pressure and plenty deposition time will contribute to the formation of Gd hcp phase,which has better magnetic properties such as higher Curie temperature and bigger magnetic moment,and high substrate temperature can diminish the inner stress in Gd films and promote lattice parameters closer to those of the ideal Gd hcp-structure.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81472670,81172005,81402397,81402398 and 81172276)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(14ZR1407600)+1 种基金the“Yang-Fan”Plan for Young Scientists of Shanghai(14YF1401100)the Ph D Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(20110071120096)
文摘Background: Immunotherapy has shown promise against solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the prognostic effect of PD-L1 in PDAC.Data sources: Electronic search of the Pub Med, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was performed until December 2016. Through database searches, we identified articles describing the relationship between PD-L1 status and PDAC patient prognosis. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between PD-1 and overall survival(OS).Results: Nine studies with 989 PDAC patients were included for PD-L1 expression analysis. And 5 studies with 688 PDAC patients were included in the prognostic analysis. The PD-L1 positive rate measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC) was higher than that measured by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(P < 0.001). PDAC patients with high expression levels of PD-L1 had significantly reduced OS(HR = 2.34;95% CI: 1.78–3.08). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognostic effect of PD-L1 levels was similar between the IHC and PCR methods. The PD-L1 positive rate was associated with PDAC T stages; the PD-L1 positive rate in the T3–4 group was higher than that in the T1-2 group(OR = 0.37; P = 0.001).Conclusions: High PD-L1 expression levels predicted a poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Thus, PD-L1 status helps determine treatment in PDAC patients.
基金Project(No.2010CB945002) supported by the National Basic Research Program(973) of China
文摘Busulfan/cyclophosphamide(Bu/Cy) conditioning regimen has been widely used to treat cancer patients,while their effects on major internal organs in females are not fully understood.We treated female mice with Bu/Cy,and examined the histopathology of major internal organs on Day 30 after the treatment.The results show that Bu/Cy treatment affected the ovaries most extensively,while it had less effect on the spleen,lungs,and kidneys,and no effect on the heart,liver,stomach,and pancreas.To better understand the effect of Bu/Cy on the ovaries,we counted follicles,and determined the levels of ovarian steroids.The Bu/Cy-treated mice showed a reduction of primordial and primary follicles(P<0.01) on Day 30 and a marked loss of follicles at all developmental stages(P<0.01) on Day 60.Plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone in Bu/Cy-treated mice decreased by 43.9% and 61.4%,respectively.Thus,there was a gradual process of follicle loss and low estradiol in Bu/Cy-treated mice;this is a profile similar to what is found in women with premature ovarian failure(POF).The Bu/Cy-treated mice may serve as a useful animal model to study the dynamics of follicle loss in women undergoing POF.
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA03A404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50801006)。
文摘The surface of Tb_(0.3)Dy_(0.7)Fe_(2) alloys was modified by microwave electron-cyclotron-resonance chemical vapor deposition(MW-ECR-CVD)and ion implantation technology,respectively.The microstructure and corrosion resistance of nitrided layers were investigated by means of optical microscope(OM),X-ray diffractomer(XRD),auger electron spectroscopy(AES),and electrochemical workstation.After modified by MW-ECR-CVD,the nitrogen concentration of the nitrided layers decreases gradually with the depth increasing,while the nitrogen concentration modified by ion implantation process exhibits Gaussian distribution.The self-corrosion electric potential of the sample modified by ion implantation is higher than that modified by MW-ECR-CVD,which reveals that the samples modified by ion implantation process have a better resistance to corrosion.The magnetostrictions are assessed for the samples placed in the air for one year,which further confirms that the ion implantation process is more helpful to maintain the magnetostrictions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5150010868)。
文摘To get a systematic understanding about dependence of deposition conditions on properties of Gd films,a series of Gd films were prepared under different Ar gas pressures:0.5,0.7,1.0,and 1.5 Pa,and another series of Gd films were prepared under different substrate temperatures:25,100,200,350,and 500℃.The effects of the deposition time,Ar pressure,and substrate temperature on microstructures and crystal orientation were investigated by grazingincidence X-ray diffraction(GIXRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental results show that low Ar pressure and plenty deposition time will contribute to the formation of Gd hcp phase,which has better magnetic properties such as higher Curie temperature and bigger magnetic moment,and high substrate temperature can diminish the inner stress in Gd films and promote lattice parameters closer to those of the ideal Gd hcp-structure.
