AIM： To explore effects of huoxiangzhengqi liquid （HXZQ） on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea （BSD）. METHODS： BSD was induced in Balb/...AIM： To explore effects of huoxiangzhengqi liquid （HXZQ） on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea （BSD）. METHODS： BSD was induced in Balb/c mice by oral administration with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium. HXZQ was administrated from the day of diarrhea induction at dosages of 5.21 g/kg and 0.52 g/kg, respectively. The onset of diarrhea and lasting time were recorded. Peyer＇s patches and peripheral lymphocytes were prepared for flow cytometry, and levels of TNF-α in peripheral blood and enteric tissue homogenates were determined with ELISA. Student＇s t test was employed for statistics. RESULTS： Mice in BSD group started showing continuous diarrhea on the day of induction until the fourth day when they were sacrificed. Diarrhea in the mice of HXZQ high and low dose groups lasted for 36 and 54 h, respectively. There were more CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells in peripheral blood, fewer CD4^＋ cells in Peyer＇s patches in BSD mice compared to normal mice. Fewer CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells was shown in the mice in HXZQ high group compared to BSD mice. In Peyer＇s patch, there were more CD8^＋ cells in mice in HXZQ high and low dose groups and more CD4^＋ in mice in HXZQ high group. Higher levels of TNF-α in peripheral blood and intestinal tissue homogenates in BSD group were observed. Mice in HXZQ high group showed decreased levels of TNF-α in peripheral blood and enteric tissue homogenates. CONCLUSION： The immune regulation of CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells in Peyer＇s patch and suppression of TNF-α levels in enteric homogenates may partially explain the effect of HXZQ on improvement of BSD.展开更多
Oxalidaceae is one of the most important plant families in horticulture,and its key commercially relevant genus,Averrhoa,has diverse growth habits and fruit types.Here,we describe the assembly of a high-quality chromo...Oxalidaceae is one of the most important plant families in horticulture,and its key commercially relevant genus,Averrhoa,has diverse growth habits and fruit types.Here,we describe the assembly of a high-quality chromosomescale genome sequence for Averrhoa carambola(star fruit).Ks distribution analysis showed that A.carambola underwent a whole-genome triplication event,i.e.,the gamma event shared by most eudicots.Comparisons between A.carambola and other angiosperms also permitted the generation of Oxalidaceae gene annotations.We identified unique gene families and analyzed gene family expansion and contraction.This analysis revealed significant changes in MADS-box gene family content,which might be related to the cauliflory of A.carambola.In addition,we identified and analyzed a total of 204 nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes and 58 WRKY genes in the genome,which may be related to the defense response.Our results provide insights into the origin,evolution and diversification of star fruit.展开更多
AIM: To systematically assess the association between sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)(TAAAA)n and androgen receptor(AR)(CAG)n polymorphisms and polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) risk.METHODS: We searched MEDLINE(Pu...AIM: To systematically assess the association between sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)(TAAAA)n and androgen receptor(AR)(CAG)n polymorphisms and polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) risk.METHODS: We searched MEDLINE(PubM ed), EMBASE and Web of Science database from inception to May2014. To avoid missing any additional studies, we looked through all the references of relevant articles. Case-control studies concerning the(CAG)n variants in the AR gene or the(TAAAA)n polymorphism in the SHBG gene in PCOS patients were included. Five studies regarding the(TAAAA)n polymorphism in the SHBG gene and 14 studies regarding the(CAG)n polymorphism in the AR gene met our criteria. Odd ratio(OR) and weighted mean difference(WMD) were selected as the effect size measurements to evaluate the influence of the(TAAAA)n polymorphism and(CAG)n variants on PCOS risk. Begg's test was used for the evaluation of publication bias.RESULTS: With respect to the relationship between the(TAAAA)n polymorphism and PCOS risk, the statistical results showed that there was no significant difference between PCOS patients and controls in the alleles of TAAAA(S: OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.78-1.05; L: OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.95-1.27). Subgroup analyses of the combination of alleles indicated similar results(shortshort: OR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.66-1.14; short-long: OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.86-1.46; long-long: OR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.72-1.47). As for the relationship between the(CAG)n polymorphism and PCOS risk, we found no association between CAG repeat variants and PCOS risk(WDM = 0.03, 95%CI:-0.13-0.08). Subgroup analyses by race and diagnosis criteria indicated the same results(Asian: WMD =-0.03, 95%CI:-0.14-0.07; Caucasian: WMD =-0.02, 95%CI:-0.24-0.21; the criteria of Rotterdam: WMD = 0.01, 95%CI:-0.01-0.03). CONCLUSION: There is no association between(TAAAA)n polymorphism in SHBG gene,(CAG)n repeat variants in AR gene and PCOS.展开更多
Natural products from plant secondary metabolits are a major source of clinical drugs and industrial chemicals. Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important plants in traditional Chinese medicine. Its dried roots ...Natural products from plant secondary metabolits are a major source of clinical drugs and industrial chemicals. Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important plants in traditional Chinese medicine. Its dried roots and rhizomes are highly valued for use in the treatment of vascular diseases and for their anti-oxidative activities. Furthermore, S. miltiorrhiza is described as a medicinal model plant mainly due to its biosynthesis of active compounds. Here, we reviewed the research on S. miltiorrhiza in genomics, transcriptomics, biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids, biotic and abiotic elicitors, and regulation of transcription factors. This will provide a solid foundation for new breeding and synthetic biology approaches to produce and study natural products.展开更多
Objective:Why are different medicinal parts including heads,bodies and tails of Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)distinct in pharmaceutical activities?Here we explored their discrepancy in chemical constituents and transc...Objective:Why are different medicinal parts including heads,bodies and tails of Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)distinct in pharmaceutical activities?Here we explored their discrepancy in chemical constituents and transcriptome.Methods:ASR were separated into three medicinal parts:heads(rootstocks with petiole traces of ASR),bodies(taproots of ASR)and tails(lateral roots of ASR),and chemical and transcriptomic analyses were conducted simultaneously.Results:High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint results showed that five widely used active ingredients(ferulic acid,senkyunolide H,senkyunolide A,n-butylphathlide,and ligustilide)were distributed unevenly in the three ASR medicinal parts.Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)demonstrated that the heads can be differentiated from the two other root parts due to different amounts of the main components.However,the content of ferulic acid(a main quality marker)was significantly higher in tails than in the heads and bodies.The transcriptome analysis found that 25,062,10,148 and 29,504 unigenes were specifically expressed in the heads,bodies and tails,respectively.WGCNA analysis identified 17 co-expression modules,which were constructed from the 19,198 genes in the nine samples of ASR.Additionally,we identified 28 unigenes involved in two phenylpropanoid biosynthesis(PB)pathways about ferulic acid metabolism pathways,of which 17 unigenes(60.7%)in the PB pathway were highly expressed in the tails.The expression levels of PAL,C3 H,and CQT transcripts were significantly higher in the tails than in other root parts.RT-q PCR analysis confirmed that PAL,C3 H,and CQT genes were predominantly expressed in the tail parts,especially PAL,whose expression was more than doubled as compared with that in other root parts.Conclusion:Chemical and transcriptomic analyses revealed the distribution contents and pivotal transcripts of the ferulic acid biosynthesis-related pathways.The spatial gene expression pattern partially explained the discrepancy of integral medicinal activities of three medicinal root parts.展开更多
Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set o...Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set of transcription factors(TFs).The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants.However,research on bHLH TFs regulating phenolic acid or tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza is limited.Methods:qRT-PCR was used for gene expression analysis.The subcellular localization of SmbHLH92 was detected by SmbHLHg2-GFP transient transformation into tobacco leaves,and its fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 was confirmed in the AH109 yeast strain.RNA interference hairy roots of SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the changes of phenolic acids and tanshinones.Results:SmbHLH92 is a bHLH transcription factor that is highly expressed in the root and phloem of S.miltiorrhiza.The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 indicated that SmbHLH92 was located in the nucleus and may be a transcription factor.RNA interference(RNAi)of SmbHLH92 in hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza significantly increased the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone.Quantitative RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)analysis showed the transcription level of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic pathways was increased in the hairy roots of the SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic line,comparing with the control line.Conclusion:These data indicate that SmbHLH92 is a negative regulator involved in the regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza.展开更多
Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)are one of the important bioresources of medicine,which works by unlocking nature’s ability to prevent diseases and recover from illnesses.Recently,it has ascended to the world stage and...Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)are one of the important bioresources of medicine,which works by unlocking nature’s ability to prevent diseases and recover from illnesses.Recently,it has ascended to the world stage and become a global icon.Nowadays,a considerable of researches have focused on the quality evaluation of CHMs.However,it is difficult to meet the reasonable needs of human beings for safe drug use to evaluate the quality of a huge number of inferior goods for the CHMs contaminated by pesticides and heavy metals.Hence to explore an eligible medicinal plant cultivation pattern,which can provide high quality CHMs sustainably,is most promising.This review analyzed the situation and characteristics of medicinal plant resources in different periods,including wild-harvested and cultivated resources during different stages,putting forward that ecological cultivation must be the way to develop medicinal plant cultivation and to obtain high quality CHMs.展开更多
Objective To develop a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection （HPLC-DAD） method for the simultaneous determination of six polar compounds in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Methods ...Objective To develop a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection （HPLC-DAD） method for the simultaneous determination of six polar compounds in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Methods A poroshell SB Aq column （50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm） and gradient elution were used; The detection wavelength of compounds was set at 260 nm. The chromatographic peaks of the six investigated compounds in sample were identified by comparing their retention times with reference compounds. Results All calibration curves showed good linearity （r〉 0.999） within the tested ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the six analytes were less than 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively, and the recoveries of the six analytes were between 95% and 103%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of six polar compounds in O. sinensis samples. Conclusion The poroshell SB Aq column is suitable for the rapid analysis of polar components in Chinese materia medica on conventional HPLC system and the developed HPLC method is also helpful to the quality control of O. sinensis.展开更多
In the course of our study of bioactive natural products from Schisandra plants, we isolated a neolignan from an EtOAc extract of the stems of Schisandra propinqua （Wall.） Baill. The structure of the new com- pound ...In the course of our study of bioactive natural products from Schisandra plants, we isolated a neolignan from an EtOAc extract of the stems of Schisandra propinqua （Wall.） Baill. The structure of the new com- pound was determined to be 4, 4-di （4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenly）-2, 3-dimethylbutanol （compound 1） on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and 2D NMR methods. Eight known compounds, compounds 2-9, were also isolated and identified, of which compounds 3, 4, 6 and 9 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In addition, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for cytotoxicity by an 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Compound 1 showed significant potential cytotoxic ability in the bioassay.展开更多
Objective To clone and analyze 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A synthase（HMGS） and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase（HMGR） genes from Panax notoginseng of four-year old during the flowering peri...Objective To clone and analyze 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A synthase（HMGS） and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase（HMGR） genes from Panax notoginseng of four-year old during the flowering period, the key genes involved in the mevalonic acid pathway for saponin biosynthesis. Methods The cDNA sequences of PnHMGS1 and PnHMGR2 were obtained by reverse transcription PCR（RT-PCR） and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE） methods and were analyzed in their secondary structures, subcellular localizations, domains, and the three-dimensional structures of putative proteins by the bioinformatics tools. Fusion genes were constructed by the prokaryotic expression system. Results The two genes were cloned, named as PnHMGS1 and PnHMGR2, respectively, and were both predicted to be located in the chloroplast. PnHMGS1（1410 bp） encoded a predictive unstable protein with 469 amino acids and covered hydroxymethylglutaryl-Co A synthase domain. PnHMGR2（1690 bp） also encoded an unstable protein with 589 amino acids and possessed a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase domain and two transmembrane regions. Both of the genes were expressed most in flowers followed by roots, stems, and least in leaves. Conclusion PnHMGS1 and PnHMGR2 are firstly cloned from P.notoginseng as the new member of the HMGR family,and they show the same expression profile as P.ginseng and P.quinquefolius.展开更多
基金Supported by the National ‘863’ Project, No.2003AA2Z3245 and E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No. E03008
文摘AIM： To explore effects of huoxiangzhengqi liquid （HXZQ） on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea （BSD）. METHODS： BSD was induced in Balb/c mice by oral administration with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium. HXZQ was administrated from the day of diarrhea induction at dosages of 5.21 g/kg and 0.52 g/kg, respectively. The onset of diarrhea and lasting time were recorded. Peyer＇s patches and peripheral lymphocytes were prepared for flow cytometry, and levels of TNF-α in peripheral blood and enteric tissue homogenates were determined with ELISA. Student＇s t test was employed for statistics. RESULTS： Mice in BSD group started showing continuous diarrhea on the day of induction until the fourth day when they were sacrificed. Diarrhea in the mice of HXZQ high and low dose groups lasted for 36 and 54 h, respectively. There were more CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells in peripheral blood, fewer CD4^＋ cells in Peyer＇s patches in BSD mice compared to normal mice. Fewer CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells was shown in the mice in HXZQ high group compared to BSD mice. In Peyer＇s patch, there were more CD8^＋ cells in mice in HXZQ high and low dose groups and more CD4^＋ in mice in HXZQ high group. Higher levels of TNF-α in peripheral blood and intestinal tissue homogenates in BSD group were observed. Mice in HXZQ high group showed decreased levels of TNF-α in peripheral blood and enteric tissue homogenates. CONCLUSION： The immune regulation of CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells in Peyer＇s patch and suppression of TNF-α levels in enteric homogenates may partially explain the effect of HXZQ on improvement of BSD.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(ref.2019YFC1711103)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project(ref.KFA17331A)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian(ref.2019J01410)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University 2015 Outstanding Youth Fund Project(ref.xjq201620).
文摘Oxalidaceae is one of the most important plant families in horticulture,and its key commercially relevant genus,Averrhoa,has diverse growth habits and fruit types.Here,we describe the assembly of a high-quality chromosomescale genome sequence for Averrhoa carambola(star fruit).Ks distribution analysis showed that A.carambola underwent a whole-genome triplication event,i.e.,the gamma event shared by most eudicots.Comparisons between A.carambola and other angiosperms also permitted the generation of Oxalidaceae gene annotations.We identified unique gene families and analyzed gene family expansion and contraction.This analysis revealed significant changes in MADS-box gene family content,which might be related to the cauliflory of A.carambola.In addition,we identified and analyzed a total of 204 nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes and 58 WRKY genes in the genome,which may be related to the defense response.Our results provide insights into the origin,evolution and diversification of star fruit.
文摘AIM: To systematically assess the association between sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)(TAAAA)n and androgen receptor(AR)(CAG)n polymorphisms and polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) risk.METHODS: We searched MEDLINE(PubM ed), EMBASE and Web of Science database from inception to May2014. To avoid missing any additional studies, we looked through all the references of relevant articles. Case-control studies concerning the(CAG)n variants in the AR gene or the(TAAAA)n polymorphism in the SHBG gene in PCOS patients were included. Five studies regarding the(TAAAA)n polymorphism in the SHBG gene and 14 studies regarding the(CAG)n polymorphism in the AR gene met our criteria. Odd ratio(OR) and weighted mean difference(WMD) were selected as the effect size measurements to evaluate the influence of the(TAAAA)n polymorphism and(CAG)n variants on PCOS risk. Begg's test was used for the evaluation of publication bias.RESULTS: With respect to the relationship between the(TAAAA)n polymorphism and PCOS risk, the statistical results showed that there was no significant difference between PCOS patients and controls in the alleles of TAAAA(S: OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.78-1.05; L: OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.95-1.27). Subgroup analyses of the combination of alleles indicated similar results(shortshort: OR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.66-1.14; short-long: OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.86-1.46; long-long: OR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.72-1.47). As for the relationship between the(CAG)n polymorphism and PCOS risk, we found no association between CAG repeat variants and PCOS risk(WDM = 0.03, 95%CI:-0.13-0.08). Subgroup analyses by race and diagnosis criteria indicated the same results(Asian: WMD =-0.03, 95%CI:-0.14-0.07; Caucasian: WMD =-0.02, 95%CI:-0.24-0.21; the criteria of Rotterdam: WMD = 0.01, 95%CI:-0.01-0.03). CONCLUSION: There is no association between(TAAAA)n polymorphism in SHBG gene,(CAG)n repeat variants in AR gene and PCOS.
基金National Science-technology Support Plan of China(Grant No.2012BAI29B01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81573398)
文摘Natural products from plant secondary metabolits are a major source of clinical drugs and industrial chemicals. Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important plants in traditional Chinese medicine. Its dried roots and rhizomes are highly valued for use in the treatment of vascular diseases and for their anti-oxidative activities. Furthermore, S. miltiorrhiza is described as a medicinal model plant mainly due to its biosynthesis of active compounds. Here, we reviewed the research on S. miltiorrhiza in genomics, transcriptomics, biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids, biotic and abiotic elicitors, and regulation of transcription factors. This will provide a solid foundation for new breeding and synthetic biology approaches to produce and study natural products.
基金supported by the grants from National Science Foundation of China(grant number 81903782)Hubei Provincial Department of Education Plan for Science&Technology Project(Q20171705)Scientific Research Project of Wuhan Polytechnic University(2018Y10).
文摘Objective:Why are different medicinal parts including heads,bodies and tails of Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)distinct in pharmaceutical activities?Here we explored their discrepancy in chemical constituents and transcriptome.Methods:ASR were separated into three medicinal parts:heads(rootstocks with petiole traces of ASR),bodies(taproots of ASR)and tails(lateral roots of ASR),and chemical and transcriptomic analyses were conducted simultaneously.Results:High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint results showed that five widely used active ingredients(ferulic acid,senkyunolide H,senkyunolide A,n-butylphathlide,and ligustilide)were distributed unevenly in the three ASR medicinal parts.Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)demonstrated that the heads can be differentiated from the two other root parts due to different amounts of the main components.However,the content of ferulic acid(a main quality marker)was significantly higher in tails than in the heads and bodies.The transcriptome analysis found that 25,062,10,148 and 29,504 unigenes were specifically expressed in the heads,bodies and tails,respectively.WGCNA analysis identified 17 co-expression modules,which were constructed from the 19,198 genes in the nine samples of ASR.Additionally,we identified 28 unigenes involved in two phenylpropanoid biosynthesis(PB)pathways about ferulic acid metabolism pathways,of which 17 unigenes(60.7%)in the PB pathway were highly expressed in the tails.The expression levels of PAL,C3 H,and CQT transcripts were significantly higher in the tails than in other root parts.RT-q PCR analysis confirmed that PAL,C3 H,and CQT genes were predominantly expressed in the tail parts,especially PAL,whose expression was more than doubled as compared with that in other root parts.Conclusion:Chemical and transcriptomic analyses revealed the distribution contents and pivotal transcripts of the ferulic acid biosynthesis-related pathways.The spatial gene expression pattern partially explained the discrepancy of integral medicinal activities of three medicinal root parts.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.31570302,81973422)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2016-I2M-3-016).
文摘Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set of transcription factors(TFs).The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants.However,research on bHLH TFs regulating phenolic acid or tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza is limited.Methods:qRT-PCR was used for gene expression analysis.The subcellular localization of SmbHLH92 was detected by SmbHLHg2-GFP transient transformation into tobacco leaves,and its fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 was confirmed in the AH109 yeast strain.RNA interference hairy roots of SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the changes of phenolic acids and tanshinones.Results:SmbHLH92 is a bHLH transcription factor that is highly expressed in the root and phloem of S.miltiorrhiza.The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 indicated that SmbHLH92 was located in the nucleus and may be a transcription factor.RNA interference(RNAi)of SmbHLH92 in hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza significantly increased the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone.Quantitative RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)analysis showed the transcription level of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic pathways was increased in the hairy roots of the SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic line,comparing with the control line.Conclusion:These data indicate that SmbHLH92 is a negative regulator involved in the regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1604701)。
文摘Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)are one of the important bioresources of medicine,which works by unlocking nature’s ability to prevent diseases and recover from illnesses.Recently,it has ascended to the world stage and become a global icon.Nowadays,a considerable of researches have focused on the quality evaluation of CHMs.However,it is difficult to meet the reasonable needs of human beings for safe drug use to evaluate the quality of a huge number of inferior goods for the CHMs contaminated by pesticides and heavy metals.Hence to explore an eligible medicinal plant cultivation pattern,which can provide high quality CHMs sustainably,is most promising.This review analyzed the situation and characteristics of medicinal plant resources in different periods,including wild-harvested and cultivated resources during different stages,putting forward that ecological cultivation must be the way to develop medicinal plant cultivation and to obtain high quality CHMs.
基金The Projects of Major Science and Technology Innovation of Hubei Province(2013ACD009)
文摘Objective To develop a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection （HPLC-DAD） method for the simultaneous determination of six polar compounds in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Methods A poroshell SB Aq column （50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm） and gradient elution were used; The detection wavelength of compounds was set at 260 nm. The chromatographic peaks of the six investigated compounds in sample were identified by comparing their retention times with reference compounds. Results All calibration curves showed good linearity （r〉 0.999） within the tested ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the six analytes were less than 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively, and the recoveries of the six analytes were between 95% and 103%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of six polar compounds in O. sinensis samples. Conclusion The poroshell SB Aq column is suitable for the rapid analysis of polar components in Chinese materia medica on conventional HPLC system and the developed HPLC method is also helpful to the quality control of O. sinensis.
文摘In the course of our study of bioactive natural products from Schisandra plants, we isolated a neolignan from an EtOAc extract of the stems of Schisandra propinqua （Wall.） Baill. The structure of the new com- pound was determined to be 4, 4-di （4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenly）-2, 3-dimethylbutanol （compound 1） on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and 2D NMR methods. Eight known compounds, compounds 2-9, were also isolated and identified, of which compounds 3, 4, 6 and 9 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In addition, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for cytotoxicity by an 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Compound 1 showed significant potential cytotoxic ability in the bioassay.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(30900113)
文摘Objective To clone and analyze 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A synthase（HMGS） and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase（HMGR） genes from Panax notoginseng of four-year old during the flowering period, the key genes involved in the mevalonic acid pathway for saponin biosynthesis. Methods The cDNA sequences of PnHMGS1 and PnHMGR2 were obtained by reverse transcription PCR（RT-PCR） and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE） methods and were analyzed in their secondary structures, subcellular localizations, domains, and the three-dimensional structures of putative proteins by the bioinformatics tools. Fusion genes were constructed by the prokaryotic expression system. Results The two genes were cloned, named as PnHMGS1 and PnHMGR2, respectively, and were both predicted to be located in the chloroplast. PnHMGS1（1410 bp） encoded a predictive unstable protein with 469 amino acids and covered hydroxymethylglutaryl-Co A synthase domain. PnHMGR2（1690 bp） also encoded an unstable protein with 589 amino acids and possessed a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase domain and two transmembrane regions. Both of the genes were expressed most in flowers followed by roots, stems, and least in leaves. Conclusion PnHMGS1 and PnHMGR2 are firstly cloned from P.notoginseng as the new member of the HMGR family,and they show the same expression profile as P.ginseng and P.quinquefolius.
