Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is an important threat to global health despite the administration of vaccines and the use of antiviral treatments.In recent years,as the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syn...Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is an important threat to global health despite the administration of vaccines and the use of antiviral treatments.In recent years,as the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome has increased,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in patients with CHB has become more common.Both diseases can lead to liver fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma,but the risk of dual etiology,outcome,and CHB combined with NAFLD is not fully elucidated.In this review,we assess the overlapping prevalence of NAFLD and CHB,summarize recent studies of clinical and basic research related to potential interactions,and evaluate the progressive changes of treatments for CHB patients with NAFLD.This review increases the understanding of the relationship and mechanisms of interaction between steatosis and hepatitis B virus infection,and it provides new strategies for the future clinical management and treatment of CHB combined with NAFLD.展开更多
Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a serious health problem worldwide.Evaluating liver injury in patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB)with detectable ...Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a serious health problem worldwide.Evaluating liver injury in patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB)with detectable HBV DNA and normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)is crucial to guide their clinical management.We aimed to investigate the stages of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as the predictive accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpepti-dase-to-platelet ratio(GPR)in these patients.Methods:A total of 184 treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB pa-tients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT were enrolled.The Scheuer scoring system was used to classify liver inflammation and fibrosis.Results:The distribution of patients with different liver inflammation grades were as follows:G0,0(0%);G1,97(52.7%);G2,68(37.0%);G3,12(6.5%);and G4,7(3.8%).The distribution of patients with different liver fibrosis stages were as follows:S0,22(12.0%);S1,72(39.1%);S2,42(22.8%);S3,19(10.3%);and S4,29(15.8%).The areas under the re-ceiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curves of GPR in predicting significant inflammation,severe inflammation,and advanced inflammation were 0.723,0.895,and 0.952,respectively.The accuracy of GPR was significantly superior to that of ALT in predicting liver inflammation.The AUROCs of GPR in predicting significant fibrosis,severe fibrosis,and cirrhosis were 0.691,0.780,and 0.803,respectively.The predictive accuracy of GPR was significantly higher than that of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis index based on four factors(FIB-4)in identifying advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis,and it was superior to FIB-4 but comparable to APRI in identifying significant fibrosis.Conclusions:Nearly half of the HBeAg-negative CHB patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT levels had significant liver inflammation or fibrosis.GPR can serve as an accurate predictor of liver inflammation and fibrosis in these patients.展开更多
B cell-mediated humoral immunity plays a vital role in viral infections,including chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,which remains a critical global public health issue.Despite hepatitis B surface antigen-specifi...B cell-mediated humoral immunity plays a vital role in viral infections,including chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,which remains a critical global public health issue.Despite hepatitis B surface antigen-specific antibodies are essential to eliminate viral infections,the reduced immune functional capacity of B cells was identified,which was also correlated with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)progression.In addition to B cells,T follicular helper(Tfh)cells,which assist B cells to produce antibodies,might also be involved in the process of anti-HBVspecific antibody production.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the role of various subsets of B cells and Tfh cells during CHB progression and discuss current novel treatment strategies aimed at restoring humoral immunity.Understanding the mechanism of dysregulated B cells and Tfh cells will facilitate the ultimate functional cure of CHB patients.展开更多
The interplay between the CD4-1ineage transcription factor ThPok and the CD8-iineage transcription factor,runt-related transcription factor 3(Runx3),in T-cell development has been extensively documented.However,little...The interplay between the CD4-1ineage transcription factor ThPok and the CD8-iineage transcription factor,runt-related transcription factor 3(Runx3),in T-cell development has been extensively documented.However,little is known about the roles of these transcription factors in invariant natural killer T(iNKT)cell development.CDld-restricted iNKT cells are committed to the CD4+CD8-and CD4-CD8-sublineages,which respond to antigen stimulation with rapid and potent release of T helper(Th)1 and Th2 cytokines.However,previous reports have demonstrated a new population of CD8~NKT cells in ThPok-deficient mice.In the current study,we sought to determine whether Runx3 was involved in the re-expression of CD8 and function of iNKT cells in the absence of ThPok.We used mice lacking Runx3,ThPok or both and verified that Runx3 was partially responsible for the appearance of CD8^+iNKT cells in ThPok knockout mice.Additionally,Runx3 participated in the immune response mediated by iNKT cells in a model ofα-galactosylceramide-induced acute hepatitis.These results indicate that Runx3 is crucial for the phenotypic and functional changes observed in ThPok-deficient iNKT cells.展开更多
Aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is an enveloped DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family.It is a significant contributor to the prevalence of chronic liver disease on a global scale.Mutations in HBV DNA can affect ...Aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is an enveloped DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family.It is a significant contributor to the prevalence of chronic liver disease on a global scale.Mutations in HBV DNA can affect the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Although numerous studies on HBV DNA mutations have been conducted,few bibliometric studies have been performed to date.This study aimed to analyze changes in scientific output to gain a better understanding of the current research status and identify potential new research directions in the field of HBV DNA mutation.Methods:Relevant studies published between 2003 and 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.CiteSpace version 6.1.R6 was used to construct network maps to evaluate collaborations among countries,institutions,authors,journals,and keywords.Results:In total,1508 publications over the past 20 years were obtained,mainly from China,the United States,and Japan.The major research institutions in China included the University of Hong Kong,Fudan University,and Peking University.Lai Ching Lung was the most productive author,whereas Anna Suk-Fong Lok was the most frequently co-cited author.The keyword“HBsAg”was the strongest burst keyword in recent years,indicating possible future study trends.Conclusions:This bibliometric analysis intuitively revealed the overall research status of HBV DNA mutations,providing valuable information for researchers,funding agencies,and policymakers to explore the current research status,research hotspots,and new directions for future research.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Fund(Nos.81970545,82170609)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Major Project)(No.ZR2020KH006)+1 种基金the Ji’nan Science and Technology Development Project(No.202019079)the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(No.YKK20058).
文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is an important threat to global health despite the administration of vaccines and the use of antiviral treatments.In recent years,as the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome has increased,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in patients with CHB has become more common.Both diseases can lead to liver fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma,but the risk of dual etiology,outcome,and CHB combined with NAFLD is not fully elucidated.In this review,we assess the overlapping prevalence of NAFLD and CHB,summarize recent studies of clinical and basic research related to potential interactions,and evaluate the progressive changes of treatments for CHB patients with NAFLD.This review increases the understanding of the relationship and mechanisms of interaction between steatosis and hepatitis B virus infection,and it provides new strategies for the future clinical management and treatment of CHB combined with NAFLD.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82002133)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Team(CXTDA2017005)+4 种基金Nanjing Medical Science,Technique Development Foundation(QRX17121)Yangzhou Key R&D Program(Social Development)(YZ2020101)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation for COVID-19(2020T130049ZX)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Young Scholars(BK20200266)Foundation Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(Q2017003).
文摘Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a serious health problem worldwide.Evaluating liver injury in patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB)with detectable HBV DNA and normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)is crucial to guide their clinical management.We aimed to investigate the stages of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as the predictive accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpepti-dase-to-platelet ratio(GPR)in these patients.Methods:A total of 184 treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB pa-tients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT were enrolled.The Scheuer scoring system was used to classify liver inflammation and fibrosis.Results:The distribution of patients with different liver inflammation grades were as follows:G0,0(0%);G1,97(52.7%);G2,68(37.0%);G3,12(6.5%);and G4,7(3.8%).The distribution of patients with different liver fibrosis stages were as follows:S0,22(12.0%);S1,72(39.1%);S2,42(22.8%);S3,19(10.3%);and S4,29(15.8%).The areas under the re-ceiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curves of GPR in predicting significant inflammation,severe inflammation,and advanced inflammation were 0.723,0.895,and 0.952,respectively.The accuracy of GPR was significantly superior to that of ALT in predicting liver inflammation.The AUROCs of GPR in predicting significant fibrosis,severe fibrosis,and cirrhosis were 0.691,0.780,and 0.803,respectively.The predictive accuracy of GPR was significantly higher than that of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis index based on four factors(FIB-4)in identifying advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis,and it was superior to FIB-4 but comparable to APRI in identifying significant fibrosis.Conclusions:Nearly half of the HBeAg-negative CHB patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT levels had significant liver inflammation or fibrosis.GPR can serve as an accurate predictor of liver inflammation and fibrosis in these patients.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82002133 and 81600201) Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation (QRX17141)Nanjing Department of Health (YKK19056 and YKK19078)+1 种基金Yangzhou Key R&D Program (Social Development) (YZ2020101)Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning (Q2017003).
文摘B cell-mediated humoral immunity plays a vital role in viral infections,including chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,which remains a critical global public health issue.Despite hepatitis B surface antigen-specific antibodies are essential to eliminate viral infections,the reduced immune functional capacity of B cells was identified,which was also correlated with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)progression.In addition to B cells,T follicular helper(Tfh)cells,which assist B cells to produce antibodies,might also be involved in the process of anti-HBVspecific antibody production.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the role of various subsets of B cells and Tfh cells during CHB progression and discuss current novel treatment strategies aimed at restoring humoral immunity.Understanding the mechanism of dysregulated B cells and Tfh cells will facilitate the ultimate functional cure of CHB patients.
文摘The interplay between the CD4-1ineage transcription factor ThPok and the CD8-iineage transcription factor,runt-related transcription factor 3(Runx3),in T-cell development has been extensively documented.However,little is known about the roles of these transcription factors in invariant natural killer T(iNKT)cell development.CDld-restricted iNKT cells are committed to the CD4+CD8-and CD4-CD8-sublineages,which respond to antigen stimulation with rapid and potent release of T helper(Th)1 and Th2 cytokines.However,previous reports have demonstrated a new population of CD8~NKT cells in ThPok-deficient mice.In the current study,we sought to determine whether Runx3 was involved in the re-expression of CD8 and function of iNKT cells in the absence of ThPok.We used mice lacking Runx3,ThPok or both and verified that Runx3 was partially responsible for the appearance of CD8^+iNKT cells in ThPok knockout mice.Additionally,Runx3 participated in the immune response mediated by iNKT cells in a model ofα-galactosylceramide-induced acute hepatitis.These results indicate that Runx3 is crucial for the phenotypic and functional changes observed in ThPok-deficient iNKT cells.
文摘Aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is an enveloped DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family.It is a significant contributor to the prevalence of chronic liver disease on a global scale.Mutations in HBV DNA can affect the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Although numerous studies on HBV DNA mutations have been conducted,few bibliometric studies have been performed to date.This study aimed to analyze changes in scientific output to gain a better understanding of the current research status and identify potential new research directions in the field of HBV DNA mutation.Methods:Relevant studies published between 2003 and 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.CiteSpace version 6.1.R6 was used to construct network maps to evaluate collaborations among countries,institutions,authors,journals,and keywords.Results:In total,1508 publications over the past 20 years were obtained,mainly from China,the United States,and Japan.The major research institutions in China included the University of Hong Kong,Fudan University,and Peking University.Lai Ching Lung was the most productive author,whereas Anna Suk-Fong Lok was the most frequently co-cited author.The keyword“HBsAg”was the strongest burst keyword in recent years,indicating possible future study trends.Conclusions:This bibliometric analysis intuitively revealed the overall research status of HBV DNA mutations,providing valuable information for researchers,funding agencies,and policymakers to explore the current research status,research hotspots,and new directions for future research.
