Serotonin is ubiquitous across all forms of life and functions in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.In rice,the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin is catalyzed by Sekiguchi lesion(SL).Previous studies have i...Serotonin is ubiquitous across all forms of life and functions in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.In rice,the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin is catalyzed by Sekiguchi lesion(SL).Previous studies have identified an sl mutation(a null mutation of SL)in several rice varieties and confirmed its increase of resistance and cell death.However,a systematic understanding of the reprogrammed cellular processes causing cell death and resistance is lacking.We performed a multi-omics analysis to clarify the fundamental mechanisms at the protein,gene transcript,and metabolite levels.We found that cell death and Magnaporthe oryzae(M.oryzae)infection of the sl-MH-1 mutant activated plant hormone signal transduction involving salicylic acid(SA),jasmonic acid(JA),and abscisic acid(ABA)in multiple regulatory layers.We characterized the dynamic changes of several key hormone levels during disease progression and under the cell death conditions and showed that SA and JA positively regulated rice cell death and disease resistance.SL-overexpressing lines confirmed that the sl-MH-1 mutant positively regulated rice resistance to M.oryzae.Our studies shed light on cell death and facilitate further mechanistic dissection of programmed cell death in rice.展开更多
The conversion of waste tire pyrolysis oil(WTPO)into S-doped porous carbon nanorods(labeled as WPCNs)with hierarchical pore structure is realized by a simple template-directed approach.The specific surface area of as-...The conversion of waste tire pyrolysis oil(WTPO)into S-doped porous carbon nanorods(labeled as WPCNs)with hierarchical pore structure is realized by a simple template-directed approach.The specific surface area of as-obtained porous carbon nanorods can reach up to 1448 m^(2) g^(−1) without the addition of any activating agent.As the capacitive electrode,WPCNs possess the extraordinary compatibility to capacitance,different electrolyte systems as well as long-term cycle life even at a commercial-level areal mass loading(10 mg cm^(−2)).Besides,only an extremely small capacitance fluctuation is observed under the extreme circumstance(−40 to 80℃),reflecting the excellent high-and low-temperature performance.The relationship between the pore structure and capacitive behavior is analyzed by comparing WPCNs with mesopores-dominated asphalt-derived porous carbon nanorods(APCNs)and micropores-dominated activated carbon.The molecular dynamics simulation further reveals the ion diffusion and transfer ability of the as-prepared carbon materials under different pore size distribution.The total ion flow(NT)of WPCNs calculated by the simulation is obviously larger than APCNs and the N_(T) ratio between them is similar with the experimental average capacitance ratio.Furthermore,this work also provides a valuable strategy to prepare the electrode material with high capacitive energy storage ability through the high value-added utilization of WTPO.展开更多
As a natural phenomenon,people with disabilities were not stigmatized from the very beginning.In antiquity,some parts of their body being^different from those of normal persons,^they were considered to have a special ...As a natural phenomenon,people with disabilities were not stigmatized from the very beginning.In antiquity,some parts of their body being^different from those of normal persons,^they were considered to have a special ability to communicate with heaven,earth,and the Gods.As a result,people with disabilities were able to hold the position of^“wizard,”which had a high status and important influence.However,with the division of labor in the human society,people with disabilities gradually lost the prerogative in labor production due to the limitation of their ability to work,which affected their social status and led to the social discrimination and“stigmatization”toward them gradually.Before this transformation happened,people's envision on people with disabilities,including a variety of images,was indicative of the social consciousness at that time.展开更多
In the paper,we derive a multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method for Zhiber-Shabat equation.The Zhiber-Shabat equation,which describes many important physical phenomena,has been investigated widely in last seve...In the paper,we derive a multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method for Zhiber-Shabat equation.The Zhiber-Shabat equation,which describes many important physical phenomena,has been investigated widely in last several decades.The multi-symplectic geometry and multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method for the Zhiber-Shabat equation is presented.The numerical experiments are given,showing that the multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method is an efficient algorithm with excellent long-time numerical behaviors.展开更多
The SnRK2 gene family plays important roles in ABA mediated abiotic stress responses.However,the roles and functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in plant immunity are largely unknown.In this study,we report th...The SnRK2 gene family plays important roles in ABA mediated abiotic stress responses.However,the roles and functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in plant immunity are largely unknown.In this study,we report that OsSAPK10,a SnRK2 gene family protein in rice,positively regulates rice blast resistance.The ossapk10 mutation reduced rice blast resistance and overexpression of OsSAPK10 increased it.Furthermore,OsSAPK10 phosphorylates OsPAL1,a positive regulator of rice blast resistance,at Ser82 to stabilize it.Knocking out OsPAL1 also reduced rice blast resistance.Taken together,our findings revealed that OsSAPK10 positively regulates rice immunity via phosphorylating and stabilizing OsPAL1,providing new insight into the functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in biotic stress responses.展开更多
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsBSK1-2 was reported to play an important role in regulation of response to rice blast,but the signaling pathway remained unknown.In this study,we identified OsMAPKKK18 and previously...Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsBSK1-2 was reported to play an important role in regulation of response to rice blast,but the signaling pathway remained unknown.In this study,we identified OsMAPKKK18 and previously uncharacterized MAPKKKs OsMAPKKK16 and OsMAPKKK19 that interact with OsBSK1-2.Expression of all three MAPKKKs was induced by Magnaporthe oryzae infection,and all three induced cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Knockout of OsMAPKKK16 and OsMAPKKK18 compromised blast resistance and overexpression of OsMAPKKK19 increased blast resistance,indicating that all three MAPKKKs are involved in regulation of rice blast response.Furthermore,both OsMAPKKK16 and OsMAPKKK19 interacted with and phosphorylated OsMKK4 and OsMKK5,and chitin-induced MAPK activation was suppressed in osmapkkk16 and osbsk1-2 mutants.OsMAPKKK18 was earlier reported to interact with and phosphorylate OsMKK4 and affect chitin-induced MAPK activation,suggesting that OsBSK1-2 is involved in regulation of immunity through multiple MAPK signaling pathways.Unlike BSK1 in Arabidopsis,OsBSK1-2 was not involved in response to avirulent M.oryzae strains.Taken together,our results revealed important roles of OsMAPKKK16/18/19 and a OsBSK1-2-OsMAPKKK16/18/19-OsMKK4/5 module in regulating response to rice blast.展开更多
Proteins in aquatic products satisfy the increasing demand of high-quality proteins of humans, resulting in a rapid development of freshwater aquaculture. However, bacterial diseases in aquatic animals often cause eco...Proteins in aquatic products satisfy the increasing demand of high-quality proteins of humans, resulting in a rapid development of freshwater aquaculture. However, bacterial diseases in aquatic animals often cause economic losses worldwide. Antibiotics are frequently used in aquaculture to deal with bacterial infections, but antibiotic resistance has restricted its application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop drugs on account of novel strategies. Here, aerolysin, the main virulence factor of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), was defined as a target to develop anti-virulence drugs. The results showed that Licochalcone A (LCA) with little bacteriostatic activity could decrease the hemolytic activity of aerolysin without affecting its production. The binding mode and potential binding sites were determined following molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Ser33 and Pro365 were confirmed to be the main binding sites according to the results of fluorescence quenching assay with mutated aerolysin. The mechanism by which LCA inhibited aerolysin was hindering its pore-forming activity. Moreover, cell viability assays and animal studies demonstrated that LCA could provide a significant protection to human alveolar epithelial cells from aerolysin-mediated cell damage and decrease the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila to channel catfish. These findings suggested that LCA might be a novel candidate for treating A. hydrophila infections and partly determined the mechanism of herbal medicine in dealing with bacterial infections.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal condition of the digestive system.In recent years,treatment concepts,methods,and strategies for the diagnosis of AP have advanced,and this has played an important role...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal condition of the digestive system.In recent years,treatment concepts,methods,and strategies for the diagnosis of AP have advanced,and this has played an important role in promoting the standardization of AP diagnosis and treatment and improving the treatment quality of AP patients.On the basis of previous guidelines and expert consensus,this guideline adopts an evidence-based,problem-based expression;synthesizes important clinical research data at home and abroad in the most recent 5 years;and forms 29 recommendations through multidisciplinary expert discussion,including diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up.It is expected to provide evidence support for the treatment of AP in the clinical setting in China.展开更多
Porous carbon spheres derived from the facile hydrothermal treatment associated with the calcination process exhibit the good spherical morphology and unique porous structure.For the Li-based half-cell test,porous car...Porous carbon spheres derived from the facile hydrothermal treatment associated with the calcination process exhibit the good spherical morphology and unique porous structure.For the Li-based half-cell test,porous carbon spheres electrode not only exhibits larger reversible capacities and better compatibility as compared to the widely-used graphite,but also provides stable delithiation plateaus under different current density.Additionally,the delithiation ratio below 1 V almost accounts for a constant value(around 70%)with the increase of current density,evidencing that Li intercalation storage is the dominant model and Li insertion/extraction processes are propitious.The lithium ion hybrid capacitor configured with S-doped mesoporous graphene and porous carbon spheres as cathode and anode,delivers satisfied energy and power densities(up to 177 Wh kg^(−1) and 12,303 W kg^(−1),respectively)as well as long-term cyclability,which is superior to the corresponding S-doped mesoporous graphene//graphite and activated carbon//porous carbon spheres.In addition,the developed synthesis strategy is in favor of the realization of the scalable production of porous carbon spheres.展开更多
The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been rising worldwide,and its clinical diagnosis and treatment remain a great challenge.To present the update and improvements in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreat...The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been rising worldwide,and its clinical diagnosis and treatment remain a great challenge.To present the update and improvements in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in recent years,Chinese Pancreatic Association,the Chinese Society of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association revised the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer in China(2014)after reviewing evidence-based and problem-oriented literature published during 2015-2021,mainly focusing on highlight issues regarding diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer,conversion strategies for locally advanced pancreatic cancer,treatment of pancreatic cancer with oligo metastasis,adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy,standardized processing of surgical specimens and evaluation of surgical margin status,systemic treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer,genetic testing,as well as postoperative follow up of patients with pancreatic cancer.Forty recommendation items were finally proposed based on the above issues,and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were graded using the Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation system.This guideline aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and therapy,especially surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in China,and further improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Plants need to fine-tune defense responses to maintain a robust but flexible host barrier to various pathogens.Helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix(HLH/bHLH)complexes play important roles in fine-tuning plant devel...Plants need to fine-tune defense responses to maintain a robust but flexible host barrier to various pathogens.Helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix(HLH/bHLH)complexes play important roles in fine-tuning plant development.However,the function of these genes in plant immunity and how they are regulated remain obscure.Here,we identified an atypical bHLH transcription factor,Oryza sativa(Os)HLH46,that interacts with rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase(RLCK)Os BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-2(OsBSK1-2),which plays a key role in rice blast resistance.OsBSK1-2 stabilized OsHLH46 both in vivo and in vitro.In addition,OsHLH46 positively regulates rice blast resistance,which depends on OsBSK1-2.OsHLH46 has no transcriptional activation activity and interacts with a typical bHLH protein,OsbHLH6,which negatively regulates rice blast resistance.OsbHLH6 binds to the promoter of OsWRKY45 and inhibits its expression,while OsHLH46 suppresses the function of OsbHLH6 by blocking its DNA binding and transcriptional inhibition of OsWRKY45.Consistent with these findings,OsWRKY45 was up-regulated in OsHLH46-overexpressing plants.In addition,the oshlh46 mutant overexpressing OsbHLH6 is more susceptible to Magnaporthe oryzae than is the wild type,suggesting that OsHLH46 suppresses OsbHLH6-mediated rice blast resistance.Our results not only demonstrated that OsBSK1-2 regulates rice blast resistance via the OsHLH46/OsbHLH6 complex,but also uncovered a new mechanism for plants to fine-tune plant immunity by regulating the HLH/bHLH complex via RLCKs.展开更多
Objective:lreversible electroporation(IRE)is emerging as a new therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC).We aimed to conduct survival and safety analyses in L APC patients after treatment with IRE combined ...Objective:lreversible electroporation(IRE)is emerging as a new therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC).We aimed to conduct survival and safety analyses in L APC patients after treatment with IRE combined with chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 64 patients with LAPC who had received IRE and chemotherapy were retrospectively collected from August 2015 to March 2019 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.A multivariate Cox regression model was used to determine the prognostic factors of survival.The perioperative complications of IRE were also evaluated.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center(approval No.C2021-003).Results:The median survival of all included patients were 24.63(95%confidence interval:21.78-27.49)for overall survival and 13.00(95%confidence inteval:8.81-17.19)months for progression-free survival,with 96.8%,51.9%,18.3%;and 52.3%,21.5%,7.9%as the 1-,2-and 3-year OS and PFS rates,respectively.Tumor size[OS,hazard ratio(HR)=1.768,P=0.048;PFS,HR=0.304,P=0.010],neoadjuvant chemotherapy(OS,HR=0338,P=0.030;PFS,HR=0.358,P=0.034),carbohydrate antigen 19-9 variation after IRE(OS,HR=19.320,P=0.003;PFS,HR=14.591,P=0.021)and tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(OS,HR-8.779,P=0.033;PFS,HR-5.562,P=0.008)were predictive factors of survival in patients with LAPC after IRE.Complications were observed in 20.3%of patients.Grade B pancreatic fistula was the most common complication.The complication rates of the late treatment group(6.1%)were significantly lower than those of the first 15 patients after IRE treatment(66.7%).The median length of hospital stay of late treatment group was 8.6days,which was also shorter than that of the early treatment group(10.0days).Conclusions:IRE combined with chemotherapy could improve survival of LAPC patients with acceptable complication rates.Therefore,it may be a suitable method for LAPC but should be validated in prospective randomized trials.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies,with increasing morbidity and mortality.Only 20%of all cases are candi-dates for surgical resection.Most locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)is deemed to be...Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies,with increasing morbidity and mortality.Only 20%of all cases are candi-dates for surgical resection.Most locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)is deemed to be an unresectable disease because of the invasion of major vessels.Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is now increasingly applicable to treat LAPC.For the establish-ment of precise eligibility and the standardization of the IRE technique,a guideline is expected,aiming to improve safety,lead to reproducible outcomes,and facilitate further research into IRE.This article aimed to provide a set of technical recommendations for the treatment of LAPC by open IRE.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a highly lethal malignancy,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%(1).However,only 20%of patients with PC are eligible for curative resection,and their 5-year survival rate is approximately...Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a highly lethal malignancy,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%(1).However,only 20%of patients with PC are eligible for curative resection,and their 5-year survival rate is approximately 10%.The remaining 40%of patients who cannot undergo radical resection due to tumour invasion of local structures,such as the celiac trunk or superior mesenteric artery(SMA),are referred to as having locally advanced PC(LAPC).Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a novel technology that uses a series of high-voltage.展开更多
基金supported by the Collaborative Innovation Engineering“5511”(XTCXGC2021002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1805232)+1 种基金the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301654)the Youth Program of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YC2019004)。
文摘Serotonin is ubiquitous across all forms of life and functions in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.In rice,the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin is catalyzed by Sekiguchi lesion(SL).Previous studies have identified an sl mutation(a null mutation of SL)in several rice varieties and confirmed its increase of resistance and cell death.However,a systematic understanding of the reprogrammed cellular processes causing cell death and resistance is lacking.We performed a multi-omics analysis to clarify the fundamental mechanisms at the protein,gene transcript,and metabolite levels.We found that cell death and Magnaporthe oryzae(M.oryzae)infection of the sl-MH-1 mutant activated plant hormone signal transduction involving salicylic acid(SA),jasmonic acid(JA),and abscisic acid(ABA)in multiple regulatory layers.We characterized the dynamic changes of several key hormone levels during disease progression and under the cell death conditions and showed that SA and JA positively regulated rice cell death and disease resistance.SL-overexpressing lines confirmed that the sl-MH-1 mutant positively regulated rice resistance to M.oryzae.Our studies shed light on cell death and facilitate further mechanistic dissection of programmed cell death in rice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1902603).
文摘The conversion of waste tire pyrolysis oil(WTPO)into S-doped porous carbon nanorods(labeled as WPCNs)with hierarchical pore structure is realized by a simple template-directed approach.The specific surface area of as-obtained porous carbon nanorods can reach up to 1448 m^(2) g^(−1) without the addition of any activating agent.As the capacitive electrode,WPCNs possess the extraordinary compatibility to capacitance,different electrolyte systems as well as long-term cycle life even at a commercial-level areal mass loading(10 mg cm^(−2)).Besides,only an extremely small capacitance fluctuation is observed under the extreme circumstance(−40 to 80℃),reflecting the excellent high-and low-temperature performance.The relationship between the pore structure and capacitive behavior is analyzed by comparing WPCNs with mesopores-dominated asphalt-derived porous carbon nanorods(APCNs)and micropores-dominated activated carbon.The molecular dynamics simulation further reveals the ion diffusion and transfer ability of the as-prepared carbon materials under different pore size distribution.The total ion flow(NT)of WPCNs calculated by the simulation is obviously larger than APCNs and the N_(T) ratio between them is similar with the experimental average capacitance ratio.Furthermore,this work also provides a valuable strategy to prepare the electrode material with high capacitive energy storage ability through the high value-added utilization of WTPO.
文摘As a natural phenomenon,people with disabilities were not stigmatized from the very beginning.In antiquity,some parts of their body being^different from those of normal persons,^they were considered to have a special ability to communicate with heaven,earth,and the Gods.As a result,people with disabilities were able to hold the position of^“wizard,”which had a high status and important influence.However,with the division of labor in the human society,people with disabilities gradually lost the prerogative in labor production due to the limitation of their ability to work,which affected their social status and led to the social discrimination and“stigmatization”toward them gradually.Before this transformation happened,people's envision on people with disabilities,including a variety of images,was indicative of the social consciousness at that time.
文摘In the paper,we derive a multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method for Zhiber-Shabat equation.The Zhiber-Shabat equation,which describes many important physical phenomena,has been investigated widely in last several decades.The multi-symplectic geometry and multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method for the Zhiber-Shabat equation is presented.The numerical experiments are given,showing that the multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method is an efficient algorithm with excellent long-time numerical behaviors.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161133012).
文摘The SnRK2 gene family plays important roles in ABA mediated abiotic stress responses.However,the roles and functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in plant immunity are largely unknown.In this study,we report that OsSAPK10,a SnRK2 gene family protein in rice,positively regulates rice blast resistance.The ossapk10 mutation reduced rice blast resistance and overexpression of OsSAPK10 increased it.Furthermore,OsSAPK10 phosphorylates OsPAL1,a positive regulator of rice blast resistance,at Ser82 to stabilize it.Knocking out OsPAL1 also reduced rice blast resistance.Taken together,our findings revealed that OsSAPK10 positively regulates rice immunity via phosphorylating and stabilizing OsPAL1,providing new insight into the functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in biotic stress responses.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001500)Key Program of Technology and Science in Fujian province(2020NZ08016).
文摘Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsBSK1-2 was reported to play an important role in regulation of response to rice blast,but the signaling pathway remained unknown.In this study,we identified OsMAPKKK18 and previously uncharacterized MAPKKKs OsMAPKKK16 and OsMAPKKK19 that interact with OsBSK1-2.Expression of all three MAPKKKs was induced by Magnaporthe oryzae infection,and all three induced cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Knockout of OsMAPKKK16 and OsMAPKKK18 compromised blast resistance and overexpression of OsMAPKKK19 increased blast resistance,indicating that all three MAPKKKs are involved in regulation of rice blast response.Furthermore,both OsMAPKKK16 and OsMAPKKK19 interacted with and phosphorylated OsMKK4 and OsMKK5,and chitin-induced MAPK activation was suppressed in osmapkkk16 and osbsk1-2 mutants.OsMAPKKK18 was earlier reported to interact with and phosphorylate OsMKK4 and affect chitin-induced MAPK activation,suggesting that OsBSK1-2 is involved in regulation of immunity through multiple MAPK signaling pathways.Unlike BSK1 in Arabidopsis,OsBSK1-2 was not involved in response to avirulent M.oryzae strains.Taken together,our results revealed important roles of OsMAPKKK16/18/19 and a OsBSK1-2-OsMAPKKK16/18/19-OsMKK4/5 module in regulating response to rice blast.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32473208)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46).
文摘Proteins in aquatic products satisfy the increasing demand of high-quality proteins of humans, resulting in a rapid development of freshwater aquaculture. However, bacterial diseases in aquatic animals often cause economic losses worldwide. Antibiotics are frequently used in aquaculture to deal with bacterial infections, but antibiotic resistance has restricted its application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop drugs on account of novel strategies. Here, aerolysin, the main virulence factor of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), was defined as a target to develop anti-virulence drugs. The results showed that Licochalcone A (LCA) with little bacteriostatic activity could decrease the hemolytic activity of aerolysin without affecting its production. The binding mode and potential binding sites were determined following molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Ser33 and Pro365 were confirmed to be the main binding sites according to the results of fluorescence quenching assay with mutated aerolysin. The mechanism by which LCA inhibited aerolysin was hindering its pore-forming activity. Moreover, cell viability assays and animal studies demonstrated that LCA could provide a significant protection to human alveolar epithelial cells from aerolysin-mediated cell damage and decrease the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila to channel catfish. These findings suggested that LCA might be a novel candidate for treating A. hydrophila infections and partly determined the mechanism of herbal medicine in dealing with bacterial infections.
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal condition of the digestive system.In recent years,treatment concepts,methods,and strategies for the diagnosis of AP have advanced,and this has played an important role in promoting the standardization of AP diagnosis and treatment and improving the treatment quality of AP patients.On the basis of previous guidelines and expert consensus,this guideline adopts an evidence-based,problem-based expression;synthesizes important clinical research data at home and abroad in the most recent 5 years;and forms 29 recommendations through multidisciplinary expert discussion,including diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up.It is expected to provide evidence support for the treatment of AP in the clinical setting in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52022109,51834008 and21706283)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2202047)+1 种基金Beijing Talents Foundation(No.2017000020124G010)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462020YXZZ016,2462018YJRC041 and2462017YJRC003).
文摘Porous carbon spheres derived from the facile hydrothermal treatment associated with the calcination process exhibit the good spherical morphology and unique porous structure.For the Li-based half-cell test,porous carbon spheres electrode not only exhibits larger reversible capacities and better compatibility as compared to the widely-used graphite,but also provides stable delithiation plateaus under different current density.Additionally,the delithiation ratio below 1 V almost accounts for a constant value(around 70%)with the increase of current density,evidencing that Li intercalation storage is the dominant model and Li insertion/extraction processes are propitious.The lithium ion hybrid capacitor configured with S-doped mesoporous graphene and porous carbon spheres as cathode and anode,delivers satisfied energy and power densities(up to 177 Wh kg^(−1) and 12,303 W kg^(−1),respectively)as well as long-term cyclability,which is superior to the corresponding S-doped mesoporous graphene//graphite and activated carbon//porous carbon spheres.In addition,the developed synthesis strategy is in favor of the realization of the scalable production of porous carbon spheres.
文摘The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been rising worldwide,and its clinical diagnosis and treatment remain a great challenge.To present the update and improvements in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in recent years,Chinese Pancreatic Association,the Chinese Society of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association revised the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer in China(2014)after reviewing evidence-based and problem-oriented literature published during 2015-2021,mainly focusing on highlight issues regarding diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer,conversion strategies for locally advanced pancreatic cancer,treatment of pancreatic cancer with oligo metastasis,adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy,standardized processing of surgical specimens and evaluation of surgical margin status,systemic treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer,genetic testing,as well as postoperative follow up of patients with pancreatic cancer.Forty recommendation items were finally proposed based on the above issues,and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were graded using the Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation system.This guideline aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and therapy,especially surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in China,and further improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1001500)Guiding Project of Fujian Science and Technology Plan(2022N0005)
文摘Plants need to fine-tune defense responses to maintain a robust but flexible host barrier to various pathogens.Helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix(HLH/bHLH)complexes play important roles in fine-tuning plant development.However,the function of these genes in plant immunity and how they are regulated remain obscure.Here,we identified an atypical bHLH transcription factor,Oryza sativa(Os)HLH46,that interacts with rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase(RLCK)Os BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-2(OsBSK1-2),which plays a key role in rice blast resistance.OsBSK1-2 stabilized OsHLH46 both in vivo and in vitro.In addition,OsHLH46 positively regulates rice blast resistance,which depends on OsBSK1-2.OsHLH46 has no transcriptional activation activity and interacts with a typical bHLH protein,OsbHLH6,which negatively regulates rice blast resistance.OsbHLH6 binds to the promoter of OsWRKY45 and inhibits its expression,while OsHLH46 suppresses the function of OsbHLH6 by blocking its DNA binding and transcriptional inhibition of OsWRKY45.Consistent with these findings,OsWRKY45 was up-regulated in OsHLH46-overexpressing plants.In addition,the oshlh46 mutant overexpressing OsbHLH6 is more susceptible to Magnaporthe oryzae than is the wild type,suggesting that OsHLH46 suppresses OsbHLH6-mediated rice blast resistance.Our results not only demonstrated that OsBSK1-2 regulates rice blast resistance via the OsHLH46/OsbHLH6 complex,but also uncovered a new mechanism for plants to fine-tune plant immunity by regulating the HLH/bHLH complex via RLCKs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Funds(Nos.82102166,81972299)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515110954).
文摘Objective:lreversible electroporation(IRE)is emerging as a new therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC).We aimed to conduct survival and safety analyses in L APC patients after treatment with IRE combined with chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 64 patients with LAPC who had received IRE and chemotherapy were retrospectively collected from August 2015 to March 2019 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.A multivariate Cox regression model was used to determine the prognostic factors of survival.The perioperative complications of IRE were also evaluated.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center(approval No.C2021-003).Results:The median survival of all included patients were 24.63(95%confidence interval:21.78-27.49)for overall survival and 13.00(95%confidence inteval:8.81-17.19)months for progression-free survival,with 96.8%,51.9%,18.3%;and 52.3%,21.5%,7.9%as the 1-,2-and 3-year OS and PFS rates,respectively.Tumor size[OS,hazard ratio(HR)=1.768,P=0.048;PFS,HR=0.304,P=0.010],neoadjuvant chemotherapy(OS,HR=0338,P=0.030;PFS,HR=0.358,P=0.034),carbohydrate antigen 19-9 variation after IRE(OS,HR=19.320,P=0.003;PFS,HR=14.591,P=0.021)and tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(OS,HR-8.779,P=0.033;PFS,HR-5.562,P=0.008)were predictive factors of survival in patients with LAPC after IRE.Complications were observed in 20.3%of patients.Grade B pancreatic fistula was the most common complication.The complication rates of the late treatment group(6.1%)were significantly lower than those of the first 15 patients after IRE treatment(66.7%).The median length of hospital stay of late treatment group was 8.6days,which was also shorter than that of the early treatment group(10.0days).Conclusions:IRE combined with chemotherapy could improve survival of LAPC patients with acceptable complication rates.Therefore,it may be a suitable method for LAPC but should be validated in prospective randomized trials.
基金supported by the Key New Clinical Technology Program of Guangzhou.
文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies,with increasing morbidity and mortality.Only 20%of all cases are candi-dates for surgical resection.Most locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)is deemed to be an unresectable disease because of the invasion of major vessels.Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is now increasingly applicable to treat LAPC.For the establish-ment of precise eligibility and the standardization of the IRE technique,a guideline is expected,aiming to improve safety,lead to reproducible outcomes,and facilitate further research into IRE.This article aimed to provide a set of technical recommendations for the treatment of LAPC by open IRE.
基金supported by the Cancer Innovative Research Program of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and 308-Program for Clinical Research of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.
文摘Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a highly lethal malignancy,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%(1).However,only 20%of patients with PC are eligible for curative resection,and their 5-year survival rate is approximately 10%.The remaining 40%of patients who cannot undergo radical resection due to tumour invasion of local structures,such as the celiac trunk or superior mesenteric artery(SMA),are referred to as having locally advanced PC(LAPC).Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a novel technology that uses a series of high-voltage.
