The application of nanotechnology significantly benefits clinical practice in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management.Especially, nanotechnology offers a promise for the targeted delivery of drugs, genes, and prot...The application of nanotechnology significantly benefits clinical practice in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management.Especially, nanotechnology offers a promise for the targeted delivery of drugs, genes, and proteins to tumor tissues and therefore alleviating the toxicity of anticancer agents in healthy tissues.This article reviews current nanotechnology platforms for anticancer drug delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and nucleic acid-based nanoparticles [DNA, RNA interference (RNAi), and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)] as well as nanotechnologies for combination therapeutic strategies, for example, nanotechnologies combined with multidrug-resistance modulator, ultrasound, hyperthermia, or photodynamic therapy.This review raises awareness of the advantages and challenges for the application of these therapeutic nanotechnologies, in light of some recent advances in nanotechnologic drug delivery and cancer therapy.展开更多
A new flow field mathematical model is proposed to describe accurately the flow field structure and calculate the static characteristics of the pilot stage in a deflector jet servo valve(DJSV). The flow field is divid...A new flow field mathematical model is proposed to describe accurately the flow field structure and calculate the static characteristics of the pilot stage in a deflector jet servo valve(DJSV). The flow field is divided into five regions, a 3D turbulent jet is adopted to describe the free jet region, and a velocity distribution expression of the jet is proposed. The jet entrainment model is put forward in the pressure recovery region to describe the coupling relationship between the pressure in the receiving chamber and the jet flow. The static characteristics, including pressure-flow characteristics, pressure characteristics,and flow characteristics of the pilot stage are obtained. The flow field structure and the static characteristics are verified by finite element analysis(FEA) and experiment, respectively, and the mathematical model results are in good agreement with the experimental and simulation results.展开更多
Defect engineering in photocatalytic materials has garnered significant interest due to the considerable impact of defects on light absorption,charge separation,and surface reaction dynamics.However,a limited understa...Defect engineering in photocatalytic materials has garnered significant interest due to the considerable impact of defects on light absorption,charge separation,and surface reaction dynamics.However,a limited understanding of how these defects influence photocatalytic properties remains a persistent challenge.This review comprehensively analyzes the vital role of defect engineering for enhancing the photocatalytic performance,highlighting its significant influence on material properties and efficiency.It systematically classifies defect types,including vacancy defects(oxygen and metal vacancies),doping defects(anion and cation),interstitial defects,surface defects(step edges,terraces,kinks,and disordered layers),antisite defects,and interfacial defects in the core–shell structures and heterostructure borders.The impact of complex defect groups and manifold defects on improved photocatalytic performance is also examined.The review emphasizes the principal benefits of defect engineering,including the enhancement of light adsorption,reduction of band gaps,improved charge separation and movements,and suppression of charge recombination.These enhancements lead to a boost in catalytic active sites,optimization of electronic structures,tailored band alignments,and the development of mid-gap states,leading to improved structural stability,photocorrosion resistance,and better reaction selectivity.Furthermore,the most recent improvements,such as oxygen vacancies,nitrogen and sulfur doping,surface defect engineering,and innovations in heterostructures,defect-rich metal–organic frameworks,and defective nanostructures,are examined comprehensively.This study offers essential insights into modern techniques and approaches in defect engineering,highlighting its significance in addressing challenges in photocatalytic materials and promoting the advancement of effective and adaptable platforms for renewable energy and environmental uses.展开更多
Quantum dots(QDs) are semiconductor nanostructures that display unique optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale.Their efficiency in photocatalysis,particularly for energy-r...Quantum dots(QDs) are semiconductor nanostructures that display unique optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale.Their efficiency in photocatalysis,particularly for energy-related applications,is significantly influenced by their morphology,which can be precisely controlled using different synthesis parameters and techniques.For the first time,this review focuses on the important parameters that influence QDs morphology,such as precursor selection,reaction temperature and time,solvent effects,capping agents or ligands,doping and composition,postsynthesis treatments,and surfactants and stabilizers.It also discusses different synthesis approaches such as colloidal,solvothermal,hydrothermal,microwave-assisted,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),electrochemical,and biomimetic(green) methods,all offering different strategies for controlling QDs morphology.The review explores a range of QDs morphologies,including nanoflowers,nanowires,cubic,nanoribbons,nanofibers,porous,alloyed,nanotubes,heterostructures,core-shell,nanorods,nanosheets,hollow,nanospheres,and spherical particles,which directly influence band structures,surface states,light absorption,and charge carrier dynamics.These shape-dependent properties significantly govern the photocatalytic efficiency,charge separation,and reaction selectivity.Furthermore,we detail the unique contributions of different QDs families,including carbon QDs,metal oxide QDs,MXene-based QDs,perovskite QDs,and transition metal chalcogenide QDs,each offering distinct advantages in terms of stability,tunability,and light-harvesting efficiency.By correlating morphology with photocatalytic performance,this work emphasizes the strategic engineering of QDs morphology as a pathway to unlock superior performance in water splitting,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),CO_(2) reduction,H_2O_(2) production,pollutant degradation,oxygen reduction process(ORR),and photocatalytic depolymerization.This work underscores the importance of tailoring QDs morphology to optimize their performance in photocatalysis,focusing on enhancing energy conversion and storage processes.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30811120440)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (No.08410701800)
文摘The application of nanotechnology significantly benefits clinical practice in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management.Especially, nanotechnology offers a promise for the targeted delivery of drugs, genes, and proteins to tumor tissues and therefore alleviating the toxicity of anticancer agents in healthy tissues.This article reviews current nanotechnology platforms for anticancer drug delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and nucleic acid-based nanoparticles [DNA, RNA interference (RNAi), and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)] as well as nanotechnologies for combination therapeutic strategies, for example, nanotechnologies combined with multidrug-resistance modulator, ultrasound, hyperthermia, or photodynamic therapy.This review raises awareness of the advantages and challenges for the application of these therapeutic nanotechnologies, in light of some recent advances in nanotechnologic drug delivery and cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51775383 and 52175059)。
文摘A new flow field mathematical model is proposed to describe accurately the flow field structure and calculate the static characteristics of the pilot stage in a deflector jet servo valve(DJSV). The flow field is divided into five regions, a 3D turbulent jet is adopted to describe the free jet region, and a velocity distribution expression of the jet is proposed. The jet entrainment model is put forward in the pressure recovery region to describe the coupling relationship between the pressure in the receiving chamber and the jet flow. The static characteristics, including pressure-flow characteristics, pressure characteristics,and flow characteristics of the pilot stage are obtained. The flow field structure and the static characteristics are verified by finite element analysis(FEA) and experiment, respectively, and the mathematical model results are in good agreement with the experimental and simulation results.
基金Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,Grant/Award Number:RGP2/363/46。
文摘Defect engineering in photocatalytic materials has garnered significant interest due to the considerable impact of defects on light absorption,charge separation,and surface reaction dynamics.However,a limited understanding of how these defects influence photocatalytic properties remains a persistent challenge.This review comprehensively analyzes the vital role of defect engineering for enhancing the photocatalytic performance,highlighting its significant influence on material properties and efficiency.It systematically classifies defect types,including vacancy defects(oxygen and metal vacancies),doping defects(anion and cation),interstitial defects,surface defects(step edges,terraces,kinks,and disordered layers),antisite defects,and interfacial defects in the core–shell structures and heterostructure borders.The impact of complex defect groups and manifold defects on improved photocatalytic performance is also examined.The review emphasizes the principal benefits of defect engineering,including the enhancement of light adsorption,reduction of band gaps,improved charge separation and movements,and suppression of charge recombination.These enhancements lead to a boost in catalytic active sites,optimization of electronic structures,tailored band alignments,and the development of mid-gap states,leading to improved structural stability,photocorrosion resistance,and better reaction selectivity.Furthermore,the most recent improvements,such as oxygen vacancies,nitrogen and sulfur doping,surface defect engineering,and innovations in heterostructures,defect-rich metal–organic frameworks,and defective nanostructures,are examined comprehensively.This study offers essential insights into modern techniques and approaches in defect engineering,highlighting its significance in addressing challenges in photocatalytic materials and promoting the advancement of effective and adaptable platforms for renewable energy and environmental uses.
基金supported by the King Khalid University,Abha, Saudi Arabiathe Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number (R. G.P.2/335/46)。
文摘Quantum dots(QDs) are semiconductor nanostructures that display unique optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale.Their efficiency in photocatalysis,particularly for energy-related applications,is significantly influenced by their morphology,which can be precisely controlled using different synthesis parameters and techniques.For the first time,this review focuses on the important parameters that influence QDs morphology,such as precursor selection,reaction temperature and time,solvent effects,capping agents or ligands,doping and composition,postsynthesis treatments,and surfactants and stabilizers.It also discusses different synthesis approaches such as colloidal,solvothermal,hydrothermal,microwave-assisted,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),electrochemical,and biomimetic(green) methods,all offering different strategies for controlling QDs morphology.The review explores a range of QDs morphologies,including nanoflowers,nanowires,cubic,nanoribbons,nanofibers,porous,alloyed,nanotubes,heterostructures,core-shell,nanorods,nanosheets,hollow,nanospheres,and spherical particles,which directly influence band structures,surface states,light absorption,and charge carrier dynamics.These shape-dependent properties significantly govern the photocatalytic efficiency,charge separation,and reaction selectivity.Furthermore,we detail the unique contributions of different QDs families,including carbon QDs,metal oxide QDs,MXene-based QDs,perovskite QDs,and transition metal chalcogenide QDs,each offering distinct advantages in terms of stability,tunability,and light-harvesting efficiency.By correlating morphology with photocatalytic performance,this work emphasizes the strategic engineering of QDs morphology as a pathway to unlock superior performance in water splitting,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),CO_(2) reduction,H_2O_(2) production,pollutant degradation,oxygen reduction process(ORR),and photocatalytic depolymerization.This work underscores the importance of tailoring QDs morphology to optimize their performance in photocatalysis,focusing on enhancing energy conversion and storage processes.
