Objective： This study is aimed at developing a simple and easy way to generate dendritic cells （DCs） from human peripheral blood monocytes （PBMCs） in vitro. Methods： PBMCs were isolated directly from white blood...Objective： This study is aimed at developing a simple and easy way to generate dendritic cells （DCs） from human peripheral blood monocytes （PBMCs） in vitro. Methods： PBMCs were isolated directly from white blood cell rather than whole blood and purified by patching methods （collecting the attached cell and removing the suspension cell）. DCs were then generated by culturing PBMCs for six days with 30 ng/ml recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor （rhGM-CSF） and 20 ng/ml recombinant human interleukin-4 （rhIL-4） in vitro. On the sixth day, TNF-alpha （TNFα） 30 ng/ml was added into some DC cultures, which were then incubated for two additional days. The morphology was monitored by light microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy, and the phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry. Autologous mixed leukocyte reactions （MLR） were used to characterize DC function after TNFα or lipopolysaccharide （LPS） stimulations for 24 h. Results： After six days of culture, the monocytes developed significant dendritic morphology and a portion of cells expressed CDIa, CD80 and CD86, features of DCs. TNFα treatment induced DCs maturation and up-regulation of CD80, CD86 and CD83. Autologous MLR demonstrated that these DCs possess potent T-cell stimulatory capacity. Conclusion： This study developed a simple and easy way to generate DCs from PBMCs exposed to rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4. The DCs produced by this method acquired morphologic and antigenic characteristics of DCs.展开更多
A new bibenzyl glycoside has been isolated from the stems of Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. (Orchidaceae). Its structure has been identified on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.
A 100 kV triode-electron-gun has been designed and manufactured for the Linac of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). In this paper the performance of the gun and some key components are described.
An inclusion complex of b-cyclodextrin with andrographolide (Andro) was prepared by using a convenient method of microwave irradiation. The structure of the inclusion complex was determined by the 1H NMR, 2D NMR spect...An inclusion complex of b-cyclodextrin with andrographolide (Andro) was prepared by using a convenient method of microwave irradiation. The structure of the inclusion complex was determined by the 1H NMR, 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as the elemental analysis.展开更多
Parallel corpus is of great importance to machine translation, and automatic sentence alignment is the first step towards its processing. This paper puts forward a bilingual dictionary based sentence alignment method ...Parallel corpus is of great importance to machine translation, and automatic sentence alignment is the first step towards its processing. This paper puts forward a bilingual dictionary based sentence alignment method for Chinese English parallel corpus, which differs from previous length based algorithm in its knowledge-rich approach. Experimental result shows that this method produces over 93% accuracy with usual English-Chinese dictionaries whose translations cover 31 88%～47 90% of the corpus.展开更多
This paper proposes the Rice condition numbers for invariant subspace, singular subspaces of a matrix and deflating subspaces of a regular matrix pair. The first-order perturbation estimations for these subspaces are ...This paper proposes the Rice condition numbers for invariant subspace, singular subspaces of a matrix and deflating subspaces of a regular matrix pair. The first-order perturbation estimations for these subspaces are derived by applying perturbation expansions of orthogonal projection operators.展开更多
Facile synthesis of 16-hydroxygeranylgeranio 1, a naturally occurring alicyclic diterpene, by alkylation reaction of allylic iodide 3 with phenyl sulfone 4, is described.
Objective To prevent infection from herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2),and make the foundation for the construction of multi-valent DNA vaccine. Methods The complete DNA sequence,which encoded the amino acid sequence ...Objective To prevent infection from herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2),and make the foundation for the construction of multi-valent DNA vaccine. Methods The complete DNA sequence,which encoded the amino acid sequence of the viral glycoprotein D(gD),was obtained from the HSV-2 genome by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The fragment was inserted into the lower stream of Cytomegalovirus(CMV) promoter in the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+), then immunized mice by bilateral intramuscular injection into the rear legs with this recombinant plasmid and tested the specific antibodies against glycoprotein D by ELISA. Results Animal experiment have demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid(pcDNA-gD2)inoculated into mice could induce the production of specific antibodies against glycoprotein D. Conclusion The eukaryotic plasmid pcDNA-gD2 constructed by us could correctly express gD gene and induce the production of specific antibodies.展开更多
A novel alkaloid was isolated from the stems and leaves of Stemona parviflora Wright. Based on the spectral methods, its structure was elucidated as parvineostemonine.
String similarity measures of edit distance, cosine correlation and Dice coefficient are adopted to evaluate machine translation results. Experiment shows that the evaluation method distinguishes well between "go...String similarity measures of edit distance, cosine correlation and Dice coefficient are adopted to evaluate machine translation results. Experiment shows that the evaluation method distinguishes well between "good" and "bad" translations. Another experiment manifests a consistency between human and automatic scorings of 6 general-purpose MT systems. Equational analysis validates the experimental results. Although the data and graphs are very promising, correlation coefficient and significance tests at 0.01 level are made to ensure the reliability of the results. Linear regression is made to map the automatic scoring results to human scorings.展开更多
In this paper, we present a modular incremental statistical model for English full parsing. Unlike other full parsing approaches in which the analysis of the sentence is a uniform process, our model separates the full...In this paper, we present a modular incremental statistical model for English full parsing. Unlike other full parsing approaches in which the analysis of the sentence is a uniform process, our model separates the full parsing into shallow parsing and sentence skeleton parsing. In shallow parsing, we finish POS tagging, Base NP identification, prepositional phrase attachment and subordinate clause identification. In skeleton parsing, we use a layered feature-oriented statistical method. Modularity possesses the advantage of solving different problems in parsing with corresponding mechanisms. Feature-oriented rule is able to express the complex lingual phenomena at the key point if needed. Evaluated on Penn Treebank corpus, we obtained 89.2% precision and 89.8% recall.展开更多
The design and implementation of EATS, a machine translation system for e-mail, are presented. It first puts forward the notion of “instant machine translation service" and illustrates how it is provided through...The design and implementation of EATS, a machine translation system for e-mail, are presented. It first puts forward the notion of “instant machine translation service" and illustrates how it is provided through client-server mode in EATS. Then this paper gives a panoramic view of the realization of Chinese-English bi-directional translation module through multi-engine strategy. The prototype of the system has been successfully demonstrated in campus net in PPP mode, with 70%～80% translation accuracy.展开更多
The complex sentence structure of English is a bottleneck to our practical machine translation system. The simplification of English subordinate clauses will greatly relieves the burden of parsing and other grammatica...The complex sentence structure of English is a bottleneck to our practical machine translation system. The simplification of English subordinate clauses will greatly relieves the burden of parsing and other grammatical or semantic analysis of a complex sentence, thus improves the output quality of the MT system. But there have not any satisfactory research achievements reported in this field up to now as we know. In this paper, author’s work on a corpus-based approach to English subordinate clause identification is reported. The approach integrates rule-based and statistical methods to get the left and right boundaries of the subordinate clauses. The Penn Treebank corpus is used as the training standard. The precision and recall ratios of subordinate clause identification are tested on both closed and open corpora. A result of 92.9% precision and 91.26% recall is obtained for the closed test and the open test result is 80.34% precision and 83.93% recall. This algorithm has been integrated into our machine translation system. The method can also be applied to processing of any other language.展开更多
Hefang Street in Hangzhou,capital city of southeast Zhejiang Province,is full of hustle and bustle,with a multitude of shops and crowds of visitors.Walk around the street corner and you will get to a quiet alley named...Hefang Street in Hangzhou,capital city of southeast Zhejiang Province,is full of hustle and bustle,with a multitude of shops and crowds of visitors.Walk around the street corner and you will get to a quiet alley named"Anrong Alley"where Chen Shuiqin’s embroidery studio is based.In this展开更多
文摘Objective： This study is aimed at developing a simple and easy way to generate dendritic cells （DCs） from human peripheral blood monocytes （PBMCs） in vitro. Methods： PBMCs were isolated directly from white blood cell rather than whole blood and purified by patching methods （collecting the attached cell and removing the suspension cell）. DCs were then generated by culturing PBMCs for six days with 30 ng/ml recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor （rhGM-CSF） and 20 ng/ml recombinant human interleukin-4 （rhIL-4） in vitro. On the sixth day, TNF-alpha （TNFα） 30 ng/ml was added into some DC cultures, which were then incubated for two additional days. The morphology was monitored by light microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy, and the phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry. Autologous mixed leukocyte reactions （MLR） were used to characterize DC function after TNFα or lipopolysaccharide （LPS） stimulations for 24 h. Results： After six days of culture, the monocytes developed significant dendritic morphology and a portion of cells expressed CDIa, CD80 and CD86, features of DCs. TNFα treatment induced DCs maturation and up-regulation of CD80, CD86 and CD83. Autologous MLR demonstrated that these DCs possess potent T-cell stimulatory capacity. Conclusion： This study developed a simple and easy way to generate DCs from PBMCs exposed to rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4. The DCs produced by this method acquired morphologic and antigenic characteristics of DCs.
文摘A new bibenzyl glycoside has been isolated from the stems of Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. (Orchidaceae). Its structure has been identified on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.
文摘A 100 kV triode-electron-gun has been designed and manufactured for the Linac of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). In this paper the performance of the gun and some key components are described.
文摘An inclusion complex of b-cyclodextrin with andrographolide (Andro) was prepared by using a convenient method of microwave irradiation. The structure of the inclusion complex was determined by the 1H NMR, 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as the elemental analysis.
文摘Parallel corpus is of great importance to machine translation, and automatic sentence alignment is the first step towards its processing. This paper puts forward a bilingual dictionary based sentence alignment method for Chinese English parallel corpus, which differs from previous length based algorithm in its knowledge-rich approach. Experimental result shows that this method produces over 93% accuracy with usual English-Chinese dictionaries whose translations cover 31 88%～47 90% of the corpus.
文摘This paper proposes the Rice condition numbers for invariant subspace, singular subspaces of a matrix and deflating subspaces of a regular matrix pair. The first-order perturbation estimations for these subspaces are derived by applying perturbation expansions of orthogonal projection operators.
基金This work was financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20072012) and the Special Research Grant for Doctoral Sites in Chinese Universities (Grant No. 20010730001).
文摘Facile synthesis of 16-hydroxygeranylgeranio 1, a naturally occurring alicyclic diterpene, by alkylation reaction of allylic iodide 3 with phenyl sulfone 4, is described.
文摘Objective To prevent infection from herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2),and make the foundation for the construction of multi-valent DNA vaccine. Methods The complete DNA sequence,which encoded the amino acid sequence of the viral glycoprotein D(gD),was obtained from the HSV-2 genome by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The fragment was inserted into the lower stream of Cytomegalovirus(CMV) promoter in the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+), then immunized mice by bilateral intramuscular injection into the rear legs with this recombinant plasmid and tested the specific antibodies against glycoprotein D by ELISA. Results Animal experiment have demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid(pcDNA-gD2)inoculated into mice could induce the production of specific antibodies against glycoprotein D. Conclusion The eukaryotic plasmid pcDNA-gD2 constructed by us could correctly express gD gene and induce the production of specific antibodies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30123005) and Bicoll Biotechnology Shanghai Co Ltd. Authors thank Professor Qiong Xin ZHONG (Department of Biological Science Hainan Normal University) for collecting Stemona parviflora
文摘A novel alkaloid was isolated from the stems and leaves of Stemona parviflora Wright. Based on the spectral methods, its structure was elucidated as parvineostemonine.
文摘String similarity measures of edit distance, cosine correlation and Dice coefficient are adopted to evaluate machine translation results. Experiment shows that the evaluation method distinguishes well between "good" and "bad" translations. Another experiment manifests a consistency between human and automatic scorings of 6 general-purpose MT systems. Equational analysis validates the experimental results. Although the data and graphs are very promising, correlation coefficient and significance tests at 0.01 level are made to ensure the reliability of the results. Linear regression is made to map the automatic scoring results to human scorings.
文摘In this paper, we present a modular incremental statistical model for English full parsing. Unlike other full parsing approaches in which the analysis of the sentence is a uniform process, our model separates the full parsing into shallow parsing and sentence skeleton parsing. In shallow parsing, we finish POS tagging, Base NP identification, prepositional phrase attachment and subordinate clause identification. In skeleton parsing, we use a layered feature-oriented statistical method. Modularity possesses the advantage of solving different problems in parsing with corresponding mechanisms. Feature-oriented rule is able to express the complex lingual phenomena at the key point if needed. Evaluated on Penn Treebank corpus, we obtained 89.2% precision and 89.8% recall.
文摘The design and implementation of EATS, a machine translation system for e-mail, are presented. It first puts forward the notion of “instant machine translation service" and illustrates how it is provided through client-server mode in EATS. Then this paper gives a panoramic view of the realization of Chinese-English bi-directional translation module through multi-engine strategy. The prototype of the system has been successfully demonstrated in campus net in PPP mode, with 70%～80% translation accuracy.
文摘The complex sentence structure of English is a bottleneck to our practical machine translation system. The simplification of English subordinate clauses will greatly relieves the burden of parsing and other grammatical or semantic analysis of a complex sentence, thus improves the output quality of the MT system. But there have not any satisfactory research achievements reported in this field up to now as we know. In this paper, author’s work on a corpus-based approach to English subordinate clause identification is reported. The approach integrates rule-based and statistical methods to get the left and right boundaries of the subordinate clauses. The Penn Treebank corpus is used as the training standard. The precision and recall ratios of subordinate clause identification are tested on both closed and open corpora. A result of 92.9% precision and 91.26% recall is obtained for the closed test and the open test result is 80.34% precision and 83.93% recall. This algorithm has been integrated into our machine translation system. The method can also be applied to processing of any other language.
文摘Hefang Street in Hangzhou,capital city of southeast Zhejiang Province,is full of hustle and bustle,with a multitude of shops and crowds of visitors.Walk around the street corner and you will get to a quiet alley named"Anrong Alley"where Chen Shuiqin’s embroidery studio is based.In this
