The dynamic soil-structure interaction of a shear wall embedded in elastic isotropic and homogeneous soil layers underlain by bedrock,subjected to SH waves,is modeled in the present article.The soil layers consist of ...The dynamic soil-structure interaction of a shear wall embedded in elastic isotropic and homogeneous soil layers underlain by bedrock,subjected to SH waves,is modeled in the present article.The soil layers consist of irregular interfaces and it has been shown that the scattering due to the roughness of the layers has significant effect on the displacement of both the foundation and the shear wall.To demonstrate the phenomena indirect boundary element method(IBEM)has been used on the basis of its validation in previous problems of similar type.The system response is compared with the analytical solution of the same type of model for vertically propagating incident SH waves.It is observed that for the low frequency of wave,displacement is abruptly high,and as a result the combination of shear wall and foundation perceives resonance.The thickness of the soil layer,mass of the shear wall,stiffness of the bedrock and the soil layers all affects the system frequency and displacement.展开更多
The well documented source for adult multipotent stem cells is spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of mammalian testis. It is foundation of spermatogenesis in the testis throughout adult life by balancing self-renewal an...The well documented source for adult multipotent stem cells is spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of mammalian testis. It is foundation of spermatogenesis in the testis throughout adult life by balancing self-renewal and differentiation. SSCs isolation from mammalian testis is difficult because of their scarcity and the lack of well characterized cell surface markers. Thus, the isolation of SSCs is of great interest for exploration of spermatogonial physiology and therapeutic approaches for fertility preservation. CD9 is a surface marker expressed in mouse and rat male germline stem cells. In this study, CD9 positive SSCs were successfully isolated from the goat testis using enzymatic digestion followed by three step purification: Differential plating, Percoll discontinuous density gradient followed by Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Percoll discontinuous density gradient showed significant differences in the percentage of CD9+ SSCs across individual fraction. The fraction 36% and 40% gave the highest percentage of CD9+ SSCs i.e. 82% ± 1.2 and 9.2% ± 1.3 respectively. Magnetic activated cell sorting of CD9+ cells in the magnetic fraction of goat testes was in the range of 15% - 18% which is upto threefolds. CD9+ SSCs were further recovered with appreciable efficiency after immunomagnetic isolation by using various bead: cells ratio in which 4:1 ratio gave the highest yield of 69.06 × 105 with 18% of CD9+ SSCs. Magnetic activated cell sorting using anti-CD9 antibodies provides an efficient and fast approach as compared to conventional approaches such as differential plating and percoll discontinuous density gradient for enrichment strategy for spermatogonial stem cells from goat testes for undertaking research on basic and applied reproductive biology.展开更多
In this article,we have developed a new time-marching method to simulate sound and soliton propagation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media.The proposed time integration scheme can numerically preserve physical disp...In this article,we have developed a new time-marching method to simulate sound and soliton propagation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media.The proposed time integration scheme can numerically preserve physical dispersion over a wide wavenumber range and conserve energy while solving wave propagation problems.Here,the Fourier stability analysis has been used to assess the numerical properties of the developed method.The proposed numerical method’s dispersion and dissipation properties have also been compared with the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK4)method.Stability property contours for the newly proposed method display that the maximum allowable time step is at least five times higher than the RK4 method.The Fourier stability analysis also explains the dispersion error associated with the used spatio-temporal discretization schemes.It is observed that the dispersion error is significantly small for the proposed time integration schemes compared with the RK4 method.The proposed methods simulate sound propagation problems with fewer computational resources that otherwise demand high computational costs.The efficacy of the proposed time integration methods has been demonstrated by solving benchmark sound wave propagation problems.Moreover,to test the developed method’s efficiency and robustness,we have performed simulations of the sound wave propagation in a layered media,corner-edge model,and damped sine-Gordon equation.展开更多
Microalgal biorefineries have emerged as significant reservoirs of therapeutic compounds,including pigments and proteins.Facilitating a robust circular bioeconomy necessitates the augmentation of pigment synthesis alo...Microalgal biorefineries have emerged as significant reservoirs of therapeutic compounds,including pigments and proteins.Facilitating a robust circular bioeconomy necessitates the augmentation of pigment synthesis alongside algae biofuel pro-duction.Nevertheless,inherent constraints in ketocarotenoid synthesis exist in naturally fast-growing microalgae strains,such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.To address this limitation,we overexpressed two pivotal enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway,namelyβ-carotene hydroxylase(crt)andβ-carotene ketolase(bkt),in C.reinhardtii utilizing strong promoters to amplify carotenoid production.The genetically modified(GM)microalgae were validated through PCR,South-ern hybridization,and Western blot assays,confirming the presence and expression of both genes in the C.reinhardtii strains.These GM lines exhibited a substantial enhancement over wild-type(WT)algae,showcasing a remarkable 5.39-fold increase inβ-carotene concentration and twofold increase in total carotenoids compared to the WT microalgae.Notably,the GM microalgae achieved astaxanthin production up to 1.47±0.063 mg/g DCW,a compound absent in WT C.reinhardtii.These findings indicate the successful functionalization of Hematococcus pluvialis genes through nuclear expression in C.reinhardtii,facilitating ketocarotenoid production.This study presents a valuable strategy to boost carotenoid production in microalgae by stable overexpression of two heterologous genes within the nuclear genome of C.reinhardtii.展开更多
文摘The dynamic soil-structure interaction of a shear wall embedded in elastic isotropic and homogeneous soil layers underlain by bedrock,subjected to SH waves,is modeled in the present article.The soil layers consist of irregular interfaces and it has been shown that the scattering due to the roughness of the layers has significant effect on the displacement of both the foundation and the shear wall.To demonstrate the phenomena indirect boundary element method(IBEM)has been used on the basis of its validation in previous problems of similar type.The system response is compared with the analytical solution of the same type of model for vertically propagating incident SH waves.It is observed that for the low frequency of wave,displacement is abruptly high,and as a result the combination of shear wall and foundation perceives resonance.The thickness of the soil layer,mass of the shear wall,stiffness of the bedrock and the soil layers all affects the system frequency and displacement.
文摘The well documented source for adult multipotent stem cells is spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of mammalian testis. It is foundation of spermatogenesis in the testis throughout adult life by balancing self-renewal and differentiation. SSCs isolation from mammalian testis is difficult because of their scarcity and the lack of well characterized cell surface markers. Thus, the isolation of SSCs is of great interest for exploration of spermatogonial physiology and therapeutic approaches for fertility preservation. CD9 is a surface marker expressed in mouse and rat male germline stem cells. In this study, CD9 positive SSCs were successfully isolated from the goat testis using enzymatic digestion followed by three step purification: Differential plating, Percoll discontinuous density gradient followed by Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Percoll discontinuous density gradient showed significant differences in the percentage of CD9+ SSCs across individual fraction. The fraction 36% and 40% gave the highest percentage of CD9+ SSCs i.e. 82% ± 1.2 and 9.2% ± 1.3 respectively. Magnetic activated cell sorting of CD9+ cells in the magnetic fraction of goat testes was in the range of 15% - 18% which is upto threefolds. CD9+ SSCs were further recovered with appreciable efficiency after immunomagnetic isolation by using various bead: cells ratio in which 4:1 ratio gave the highest yield of 69.06 × 105 with 18% of CD9+ SSCs. Magnetic activated cell sorting using anti-CD9 antibodies provides an efficient and fast approach as compared to conventional approaches such as differential plating and percoll discontinuous density gradient for enrichment strategy for spermatogonial stem cells from goat testes for undertaking research on basic and applied reproductive biology.
文摘In this article,we have developed a new time-marching method to simulate sound and soliton propagation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media.The proposed time integration scheme can numerically preserve physical dispersion over a wide wavenumber range and conserve energy while solving wave propagation problems.Here,the Fourier stability analysis has been used to assess the numerical properties of the developed method.The proposed numerical method’s dispersion and dissipation properties have also been compared with the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK4)method.Stability property contours for the newly proposed method display that the maximum allowable time step is at least five times higher than the RK4 method.The Fourier stability analysis also explains the dispersion error associated with the used spatio-temporal discretization schemes.It is observed that the dispersion error is significantly small for the proposed time integration schemes compared with the RK4 method.The proposed methods simulate sound propagation problems with fewer computational resources that otherwise demand high computational costs.The efficacy of the proposed time integration methods has been demonstrated by solving benchmark sound wave propagation problems.Moreover,to test the developed method’s efficiency and robustness,we have performed simulations of the sound wave propagation in a layered media,corner-edge model,and damped sine-Gordon equation.
基金supported by DST INSPIRE Ph.D.Fellowship(Grant no.IF190164).
文摘Microalgal biorefineries have emerged as significant reservoirs of therapeutic compounds,including pigments and proteins.Facilitating a robust circular bioeconomy necessitates the augmentation of pigment synthesis alongside algae biofuel pro-duction.Nevertheless,inherent constraints in ketocarotenoid synthesis exist in naturally fast-growing microalgae strains,such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.To address this limitation,we overexpressed two pivotal enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway,namelyβ-carotene hydroxylase(crt)andβ-carotene ketolase(bkt),in C.reinhardtii utilizing strong promoters to amplify carotenoid production.The genetically modified(GM)microalgae were validated through PCR,South-ern hybridization,and Western blot assays,confirming the presence and expression of both genes in the C.reinhardtii strains.These GM lines exhibited a substantial enhancement over wild-type(WT)algae,showcasing a remarkable 5.39-fold increase inβ-carotene concentration and twofold increase in total carotenoids compared to the WT microalgae.Notably,the GM microalgae achieved astaxanthin production up to 1.47±0.063 mg/g DCW,a compound absent in WT C.reinhardtii.These findings indicate the successful functionalization of Hematococcus pluvialis genes through nuclear expression in C.reinhardtii,facilitating ketocarotenoid production.This study presents a valuable strategy to boost carotenoid production in microalgae by stable overexpression of two heterologous genes within the nuclear genome of C.reinhardtii.
