Immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains variable,with traditional biomarkers(programmed death-ligand 1[PD-L1]and tumor mutational burden)limited by heterogeneity and sensitivity/specificity ...Immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains variable,with traditional biomarkers(programmed death-ligand 1[PD-L1]and tumor mutational burden)limited by heterogeneity and sensitivity/specificity constraints.This review evaluates the role of artificial intelligence(AI)in advancing predictive biomarkers through the integration of radiomics,pathomics,and multi-omics.We conducted a narrative lit-erature review(PubMed;Web of Science;chictr.org.cn;clinicaltrials.gov,2012-2025)using keywords spanning NSCLC,immunotherapy,and AI methodologies(radiomics,pathomics,and multi-omics).The inclusion criterion was studies that developed predictive models for immune checkpoint inhibitor outcomes;the exclusion criteria were non-original research and preclinical studies.Emerging evidence highlights AI’s transformative role in the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy for treating NSCLC:radiomics quantifies tumor heterogeneity through computed tomography-based PD-L1 and TMB≥10 mut/Mb biomarkers,while pathomics refines PD-L1 scoring and immune microenvironment classification.Multi-omics integration synergizes imaging,histopathology,and liquid biopsy data with dynamic models by resolving spatial discordance and temporal clonal evolution.However,clinical adoption requires the standardization of peri-tumoral radiomics,validation of delta-feature protocols,and prospective trials to address overfitting risks in small cohorts.AI-driven multi-omics redefines immunotherapy prognostication,but faces interpretability and ethical challenges.Future validation must prioritize prospective multicenter trials,causal biological linking of radiomic features,and federated learning frameworks to ensure equitable clinical implementation.展开更多
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally,with particularly high incidence rates in China.This review investigates the pivotal role of artificial intelligence(AI)in the clinical trials of lung cancer d...Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally,with particularly high incidence rates in China.This review investigates the pivotal role of artificial intelligence(AI)in the clinical trials of lung cancer drugs,aiming to address the challenges of drug development and clinical research processes.The objective is to explore how AI technologies,including machine learning and deep learning,enhance clinical trials’efficiency,accuracy,and personalization in this context.Our methodology involved a comprehensive literature search and analysis,focusing on integrating AI into various stages of clinical trials,namely,preclinical drug discovery,trial design,participant recruitment,and data analysis.The results indicate that AI demonstrates proficiency in integrating and analyzing extensive datasets,facilitating the identification of novel drug targets,and repurposing existing drugs.This capability enhances insights crucial for drug development,optimizes trial designs,streamlines participant recruitment,and conducts precise data analyses of trial outcomes.In conclusion,this review highlights the transformative potential of AI in lung cancer clinical trials and emphasizes the need for high-quality data collection and interpretability improvement to realize its benefits fully.Future research could focus on integrating multimodal approaches and multi-omics data into the entire process of clinical trials on lung cancer drugs to improve patient treatment outcomes and alleviate the global burden of lung cancer.展开更多
Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure;however,its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear.This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association ...Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure;however,its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear.This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association between air pollution and cardiac biomarkers in heart failure,described the key concepts,synthesized data,and identified research gaps.Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and CNKI databases were searched for studies on air pollution,heart failure,and biomarkers.A total of 765 records were screened,and 81 full texts were assessed for eligibility,resulting in 15 studies.The results showed that the exposure to particulate matter was associated with elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin levels.Several studies have linked particulate matter exposure to a higher cardiovascular risk and heart failure biomarkers.Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were consistently elevated across studies,supporting the biological relevance of these associations.However,few studies have focused specifically on populations with heart failure or clinically relevant biomarkers,and the evidence for gaseous pollutants remains inconclusive.These findings highlight the need to integrate environmental risk assessment into heart failure care and inform policy efforts to reduce the pollutionrelated cardiovascular burden.Further research should address these gaps through improved exposure assessments and the integration of mechanistic evidence.展开更多
Objective The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress.Methods A repe...Objective The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress.Methods A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens,and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators.Results Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene(2-OH-PHE)(β = 4.35% [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.85%, 7.97%]), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene(β = 3.44% [95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%]), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene(4-OH-PHE)(β = 5.78% [95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%]) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OH-PYR)(β = 3.05% [95% CI:-4.66%,-1.41%]), 2-OH-PHE(β = 2.68% [95% CI:-4%,-1.34%]), and 4-OH-PHE(β = 3% [95% CI:-4.68%,-1.29%]) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.Conclusion Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health.Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.展开更多
Previous studies have reported associations of short-term exposure to different sources of ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and increased mortality or hospitalizations for respiratory diseases.Few studies,however...Previous studies have reported associations of short-term exposure to different sources of ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and increased mortality or hospitalizations for respiratory diseases.Few studies,however,have focused on the short-term effects of source-specific PM2.5 on emergency room visits(ERVs)of respiratory diseases.Source apportionment for PM2.5 was performed with Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)and generalized additive model was applied to estimate associations between source-specific PM2.5 and respiratory disease ERVs.The association of PM2.5 and total respiratory ERVs was found on lag4(RR=1.011,95%CI:1.002,1.020)per interquartile range(76μg/m3)increase.We found PM2.5 to be significantly associated with asthma,bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)ERVs,with the strongest effects on lag5(RR=1.072,95%CI:1.024,1.119),lag4(RR=1.104,95%CI:1.032,1.176)and lag3(RR=1.091,95%CI:1.047,1.135),respectively.The estimated effects of PM2.5 changed little after adjusting for different air pollutants.Six primary PM2.5 sources were identified using PMF analysis,including dust/soil(6.7%),industry emission(4.5%),secondary aerosols(30.3%),metal processing(3.2%),coal combustion(37.5%)and traffic-related source(17.8%).Some of the sources were identified to have effects on ERVs of total respiratory diseases(dust/soil,secondary aerosols,metal processing,coal combustion and traffic-related source),bronchitis ERVs(dust/soil)and COPD ERVs(traffic-related source,industry emission and secondary aerosols).Different sources of PM2.5 contribute to increased risk of respiratory ERVs to different extents,which may provide potential implications for the decision making of air quality related policies,rational emission control and public health welfare.展开更多
The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals.We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning,which we view as a sunog...The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals.We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning,which we view as a sunogate for tanning addiction,and food addiction.A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses＇ Health Study II.In2005,we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years,and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these periods.Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress,assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.Totally 23.3%（15,822） of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years.A total of 5,557（8.2%） women met the criteria for food addiction.We observed a dose-response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction（P_（trend）〈 0.0001）,independent of depression,BMI,and other confounders.Compared with never indoor tanners,the odds ratio（95%confidence interval） of food addiction was 1.07（0.99-1.17） for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year,1.25（1.09-1.43） for 3-5times/year,1.34（1.14-1.56） for 6-11 times/year,1.61（1.35-1.91） for 12-23 times/year,and 2.98（1.95-4.57） for 24 or more times/year.Frequent indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle age.Our data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning,which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer.展开更多
The abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib is frequently used to clinically tr...The abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib is frequently used to clinically treat NSCLC and exhibits marked efficacy in patients with NSCLC who have an EGFR mutation.However,free osimertinib administration exhibits an inadequate response in vivo,with only~3%patients demonstrating a complete clinical response.Consequently,we designed a biomimetic nanoparticle(CMNP^(@Osi))comprising a polymeric nanoparticle core and tumor cell-derived membrane-coated shell that combines membrane-mediated homologous and molecular targeting for targeted drug delivery,thereby supporting a dual-target strategy for enhancing osimertinib efficacy.After intravenous injection,CMNP^(@Osi)accumulates at tumor sites and displays enhanced uptake into cancer cells based on homologous targeting.Osimertinib is subsequently released into the cytoplasm,where it suppresses the phosphorylation of upstream EGFR and the downstream AKT signaling pathway and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells.Thus,this dual-targeting strategy using a biomimetic nanocarrier can enhance molecular-targeted drug delivery and improve clinical efficacy.展开更多
Emphysema,myofibroblast accumulation and airway remodeling can occur in the lungs due to exposure to atmospheric pollution,especially fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(...Emphysema,myofibroblast accumulation and airway remodeling can occur in the lungs due to exposure to atmospheric pollution,especially fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Specifically,bronchial epithelium-fibroblast communication participates in airway remodeling,which results in COPD.An increasing number of studies are now being conducted on the role of exosome-mediated cell-cell communication in disease pathogenesis.Here,we investigated whether exosomes generated from bronchial epithelial cells could deliver information to normal stromal fibroblasts and provoke cellular responses,resulting in airway obstruction in COPD.We studied the mechanism of exosome-mediated intercellular communication between human bronchial epithelial(HBE) cells and primary lung fibroblasts(pLFs).We found that PM_(2.5)-induced HBE-derived exosomes promoted myofibroblast differentiation in pLFs.Then,the exosomal lncRNA expression profiles derived from PM_(2.5)-treated HBE cells and nontreated HBE cells were investigated using an Agilent Human LncRNA Array.Combining coculture assays and direct exosome treatment,we found that HBE cell-derived exosomal HOTAIRM1 facilitated the myofibroblast differentiation of pLFs.Surprisingly,we discovered that exosomal HOTAIRM1 enhanced p LF proliferation to secrete excessive collagen secretion,leading to airway obstruction by stimulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway.Significantly,PM_(2.5)reduced FEV1/FVC and FEV1 and increased the level of serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 in healthy people;moreover,serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 was associated with PM_(2.5)-related reductions in FEV1/FVC and FVC.These findings show that PM_(2.5)triggers alterations in exosome components and clarify that one of the paracrine mediators of myofibroblast differentiation is bronchial epithelial cell-derived HOTAIRM1,which has the potential to be an effective prevention and therapeutic target for PM_(2.5)-induced COPD.展开更多
Air pollution has been a severe issue in China.Exposure to PM_(2.5)has adverse health effects and causes economic losses.This study investigated the economic impact of exposure to PM_(2.5)pollution using monthly city-...Air pollution has been a severe issue in China.Exposure to PM_(2.5)has adverse health effects and causes economic losses.This study investigated the economic impact of exposure to PM_(2.5)pollution using monthly city-level data covering 88.3 million urban employees in 2016 and 2017.This study mainly focused on three expenditure indicators to measure the economic impact considering lower respiratory infections(LRIs),coronary heart disease(CHD),and stroke.The results show that a 10μg/m3 increase in PM_(2.5)would cause total monthly expenses of LRIs,CHD,and stroke to increase by 0.226%,0.237%,and 0.374%,respectively.We also found that LRI,CHD,and stroke hospital admissions increased significantly by 10%,8.42%,and 5.64%,respectively.Furthermore,the total hospital stays of LRIs,CHDs,and strokes increased by 2.49%,2.51%,and 1.64%,respectively.Our findings also suggest heterogeneous impacts of PM2s exposures by sex and across regions,but no statistical evidence shows significant differences between the older and younger adult subgroups.Our results provide several policy implications for reducing unequal public health expenditures in overpolutedcountries.展开更多
Polymer gel was widely used as water shutoff agent in mature oil fields.And the results of single-phase plugging experiments show that the plugging rate of the polymer gel to the oil phase is lower than that of the wa...Polymer gel was widely used as water shutoff agent in mature oil fields.And the results of single-phase plugging experiments show that the plugging rate of the polymer gel to the oil phase is lower than that of the water phase.However,the disproportionate permeability reduction(DPR)mechanism of polymer gels still remains controversial.In this paper,we used four gel formulations including polyethyleneimine(PEI)and phenol-formaldehyde crosslinked gel with and without adding laponite to investigate the effect of gel elastic property on the water shutoff mechanism.The result of sand pack flooding experiments shown that the gel with higher elastic modulus has better effects on decreasing water cut and increasing oil recovery.After adding laponite,the elastic modulus of phenol-formaldehyde crosslinked gel increased from 64.2 Pa to 192 Pa,and the elastic modulus of PEI crosslinked gel increased from 27.4 Pa to 36.5 Pa.Compared to the phenol-formaldehyde-HAPM gel,the oil recovery of laponite-phenol-formaldehyde-HPAM gel increased by 5.2%and the maximum water cut decreased by 8.3%.Besides,comparing with PEI-HPAM gel,the oil recovery of laponite-PEI-HPAM gel increased by 2.7%and the water cut dropped by 27.8%.In the meanwhile,the laponite-phenol-formaldehyde-HPAM gel with higher elastic modulus obviously swells in the formation water but almost remains constant in oil at 105℃.The mass of gel soaked in the formation water increased from 42 g to 96 g and the gel volume increased by 300%within 48 hours.This study improves the understanding of the DPR mechanism of polymer gel for water shutoff.展开更多
The perception of fish locomotion is important for understanding their adaptive behaviors and ethological characteristics.However,the main strategy used for extracting fish attitudes involves the use of a vision-based...The perception of fish locomotion is important for understanding their adaptive behaviors and ethological characteristics.However,the main strategy used for extracting fish attitudes involves the use of a vision-based monitoring system,which is limited in its range of observation and cannot perform tracking for long times.Here,we report the use of a wearable tagging electronic device,referred to as an underwater vest,to capture the surrounding flow field disturbances triggered by swimming or momentary postural changes.All of these goals were achieved by integrating a pair of pseudocapacitive pressure-sensing units and a flexible circuit board.Notably,additional conditions,such as variable hydraulic pressures and minimal changes in fish posture,require high stability and sensitivity of the sensing units.Thus,hybrid hydrogel electrodes were developed through cross-linking MXene with holey-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and further modification with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquids,which increased the interfacial capacitance and long-term interfacial activity of the MXene.Consequently,the sensing unit exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity(S_(max)~136,207 kPa^(−1))in an aquatic environment for 60 days and superior high-pressure resolution(10 Pa)within a wide working range of 1 MPa.Ultimately,an underwater vest integrated with such sensing units clearly distinguished and recorded fish locomotion.We believe that the designed device may open avenues in flow field monitoring and ocean current detection and provide new insights into the development of sensitive underwater tagging.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that exposure to black carbon(BC,a tracer of traffic-related air pollution)and psychosocial stress are both associated with adverse cardiac effects,but whether psychosocial stress could mod...Previous studies have shown that exposure to black carbon(BC,a tracer of traffic-related air pollution)and psychosocial stress are both associated with adverse cardiac effects,but whether psychosocial stress could modify the cardiac effects of BC is unclear.To investigate the potential modifying effect of psychosocial stress on the associations between acute exposure to BC and typical cardiac health variables,real-time personal 24 h measurements were conducted in a repeated-measure study among adults with elevated blood pressure(high-risk group)and a panel study among normal adults(low-risk group)in China.Measured cardiac health variables included ST-segment depression events,heart rate,and heart rate variability(HRV)variables.Perceived Stress Scale,State Anxiety Inventory and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to assess the recent psychosocial stress status of the participants,and a composite stress index was established based on these scales.Generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the associations between BC exposure and cardiac health variables and potential effect modification by psychosocial stress.A total of 9724 h measurements among 97 participants in the repeated-measure study and 20224 h measurements among 87 participants in the panel study were included in the final analysis.Acute BC exposure was significantly associated with increased ST-segment depression events and heart rate and decreases in HRV in both studies.The marginal effects of acute BC exposure on most cardiac health variables generally tended to be amplified under higher vs low levels of psychosocial stress in both studies,with the composite stress index apparently modifying the associations of BC exposure with most ST-segment depression events and HRV variables.These findings suggest that psychosocial stress may increase the participants’cardiac susceptibility to BC exposure,which could be helpful for the identification of susceptible individuals in the context of traffic-related air pollution.展开更多
Ozone is one of the major gaseous pollutants associated with short-term adverse cardiopulmonary effects,even at concentrations below the current indoor air quality limits.However,the underlying biological mechanisms o...Ozone is one of the major gaseous pollutants associated with short-term adverse cardiopulmonary effects,even at concentrations below the current indoor air quality limits.However,the underlying biological mechanisms of cardiorespiratory changes with exposure to ozone remain unclear.To further explore molecular linkages between indoor ozone exposure and relevant cardiorespiratory effects,a repeated-measure panel study including 46 schoolchildren was conducted and real-time exposure measurements including ozone were performed inside classrooms every weekday during the study period.Repeated health measurements and urine sample collection were conducted in each participant.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and meet-in-metabolite approach were used in metabolomics analysis.Methods including mixed-effect models were adopted to identify metabolites associated with ozone exposure or health indices.Nine metabolites were found to be associated with ozone after mixed-effect model analysis,which are mainly involved in amino acid and bile acid metabolism.Boys may have a greater decrease in bile acid and RNA related metabolites.Four of the nine ozone-related metabolites were also associated with cardiorespiratory function indices.Furthermore,26.67%of the positive association between ozone and heart rate was mediated by cholestane-3,7,12,25-tetrol-3-glucuronide.Exposure to ozone below the current indoor standards was associated with the deteriorated cardiovascular function by disturbing bile acid and endogenous nitric oxide-related oxidation and inflammation,and associated with the exacerbated airway inflammation by reducing GPx-related anti-oxidation.The results provide metabolic evidence of the cardiorespiratory effects of indoor ozone exposure.Indoor ozone pollution should be controlled further,and more attention should be paid to preventing its adverse health effects,especially in children.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?With rapid urbanization,traffic-related air pollution has become a global concern.However,its association with cardiovascular health has not been fully elucidated.What is ad...Summary What is already known on this topic?With rapid urbanization,traffic-related air pollution has become a global concern.However,its association with cardiovascular health has not been fully elucidated.What is added by this report?This study provided novel evidence of the joint cardiovascular effect of multiple pollutants in subway cabins,further identified two pollutants that played dominant roles,and validated the effectiveness of targeted interventions.展开更多
Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a se...Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a sensitive proxy reflecting the disease burden.However,the association of PM exposure with hospital admissions for CKD is still unknown,let alone the excess risks(ERs)in hospital admissions for CKD due to high PM level exposure.In this study,a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to investigate the association of ambient air PM exposure with hospital admission for CKD in 282 Chinese cities of prefecture-level or above during 2013–2017.City-specific associations of single and cumulative 0–3 days lagged exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particles(PM_(10))with hospital admissions for total CKD and its subtypes were evaluated by the conditional logistic regression model,then were pooled using the random-effect model.A total of 3,490,416 hospital admissions for CKD were identified.We found that per interquartile range(IQR)increment in PM_(2.5) at lag02 and per IQR increment in PM_(10) at lag03 were associated with increases of 2.36%(95%CI:1.58%,3.14%)and 2.87%(95%CI:1.91%,3.85%)in hospital admissions for total CKD,respectively.Compared to control concentrations(PM_(2.5):35μg/m^(3);PM_(10):50μg/m^(3)),the largest ERs in hospital admissions for total CKD were 2.63%(95%CI:2.15%–3.11%)and 4.45%(95%CI:3.85%–5.06%)in association with exposure to heavily excessive PM_(2.5)(≥75μg/m^(3))and PM_(10)(≥150μg/m^(3)),respectively.Moreover,the attributable fractions(AFs)for CKD admissions were 2.83%for PM_(2.5) and 3.46%for PM_(10) during the study period.These findings suggested that exposure to PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) is associated with substantially increased risk and burden of CKD admissions.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Climate change and air pollution are two important environmental issues in China.It is important to investigate particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm(PM2....What is already known about this topic?Climate change and air pollution are two important environmental issues in China.It is important to investigate particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)-related health impacts from climate change and air pollution emission control.What is added by this report?Deaths and years of life lost related to PM2.5 would increase in climate change scenario,although emission control would outweigh the influence of climate change.What are the implications for public health practice?More targeted actions should be taken to meet challenges of exacerbated PM2.5 pollutions and its health impacts related to climate change in the future.展开更多
基金support from the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Guangdong(2022A0505050048)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472064).
文摘Immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains variable,with traditional biomarkers(programmed death-ligand 1[PD-L1]and tumor mutational burden)limited by heterogeneity and sensitivity/specificity constraints.This review evaluates the role of artificial intelligence(AI)in advancing predictive biomarkers through the integration of radiomics,pathomics,and multi-omics.We conducted a narrative lit-erature review(PubMed;Web of Science;chictr.org.cn;clinicaltrials.gov,2012-2025)using keywords spanning NSCLC,immunotherapy,and AI methodologies(radiomics,pathomics,and multi-omics).The inclusion criterion was studies that developed predictive models for immune checkpoint inhibitor outcomes;the exclusion criteria were non-original research and preclinical studies.Emerging evidence highlights AI’s transformative role in the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy for treating NSCLC:radiomics quantifies tumor heterogeneity through computed tomography-based PD-L1 and TMB≥10 mut/Mb biomarkers,while pathomics refines PD-L1 scoring and immune microenvironment classification.Multi-omics integration synergizes imaging,histopathology,and liquid biopsy data with dynamic models by resolving spatial discordance and temporal clonal evolution.However,clinical adoption requires the standardization of peri-tumoral radiomics,validation of delta-feature protocols,and prospective trials to address overfitting risks in small cohorts.AI-driven multi-omics redefines immunotherapy prognostication,but faces interpretability and ethical challenges.Future validation must prioritize prospective multicenter trials,causal biological linking of radiomic features,and federated learning frameworks to ensure equitable clinical implementation.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Guangdong(2022A0505050048)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2024A1515012369)the Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation(Y-HS202102-0038).
文摘Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally,with particularly high incidence rates in China.This review investigates the pivotal role of artificial intelligence(AI)in the clinical trials of lung cancer drugs,aiming to address the challenges of drug development and clinical research processes.The objective is to explore how AI technologies,including machine learning and deep learning,enhance clinical trials’efficiency,accuracy,and personalization in this context.Our methodology involved a comprehensive literature search and analysis,focusing on integrating AI into various stages of clinical trials,namely,preclinical drug discovery,trial design,participant recruitment,and data analysis.The results indicate that AI demonstrates proficiency in integrating and analyzing extensive datasets,facilitating the identification of novel drug targets,and repurposing existing drugs.This capability enhances insights crucial for drug development,optimizes trial designs,streamlines participant recruitment,and conducts precise data analyses of trial outcomes.In conclusion,this review highlights the transformative potential of AI in lung cancer clinical trials and emphasizes the need for high-quality data collection and interpretability improvement to realize its benefits fully.Future research could focus on integrating multimodal approaches and multi-omics data into the entire process of clinical trials on lung cancer drugs to improve patient treatment outcomes and alleviate the global burden of lung cancer.
文摘Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure;however,its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear.This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association between air pollution and cardiac biomarkers in heart failure,described the key concepts,synthesized data,and identified research gaps.Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and CNKI databases were searched for studies on air pollution,heart failure,and biomarkers.A total of 765 records were screened,and 81 full texts were assessed for eligibility,resulting in 15 studies.The results showed that the exposure to particulate matter was associated with elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin levels.Several studies have linked particulate matter exposure to a higher cardiovascular risk and heart failure biomarkers.Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were consistently elevated across studies,supporting the biological relevance of these associations.However,few studies have focused specifically on populations with heart failure or clinically relevant biomarkers,and the evidence for gaseous pollutants remains inconclusive.These findings highlight the need to integrate environmental risk assessment into heart failure care and inform policy efforts to reduce the pollutionrelated cardiovascular burden.Further research should address these gaps through improved exposure assessments and the integration of mechanistic evidence.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFE0134900,2023YFC3708305,2023YFC3708302)Strategy Priority Research Program(Category B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42477455,42077390).
文摘Objective The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress.Methods A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens,and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators.Results Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene(2-OH-PHE)(β = 4.35% [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.85%, 7.97%]), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene(β = 3.44% [95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%]), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene(4-OH-PHE)(β = 5.78% [95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%]) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OH-PYR)(β = 3.05% [95% CI:-4.66%,-1.41%]), 2-OH-PHE(β = 2.68% [95% CI:-4%,-1.34%]), and 4-OH-PHE(β = 3% [95% CI:-4.68%,-1.29%]) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.Conclusion Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health.Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81571130090, 91543112)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0206506, 2017YFC0702700)+2 种基金the Ministry of Ecology and Environment: the research of national-level ecological and environmental planning (No. 14430019)the Peking University Health Science Center (No. BMU20160549)the National Young Thousand Talents Program of China
文摘Previous studies have reported associations of short-term exposure to different sources of ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and increased mortality or hospitalizations for respiratory diseases.Few studies,however,have focused on the short-term effects of source-specific PM2.5 on emergency room visits(ERVs)of respiratory diseases.Source apportionment for PM2.5 was performed with Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)and generalized additive model was applied to estimate associations between source-specific PM2.5 and respiratory disease ERVs.The association of PM2.5 and total respiratory ERVs was found on lag4(RR=1.011,95%CI:1.002,1.020)per interquartile range(76μg/m3)increase.We found PM2.5 to be significantly associated with asthma,bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)ERVs,with the strongest effects on lag5(RR=1.072,95%CI:1.024,1.119),lag4(RR=1.104,95%CI:1.032,1.176)and lag3(RR=1.091,95%CI:1.047,1.135),respectively.The estimated effects of PM2.5 changed little after adjusting for different air pollutants.Six primary PM2.5 sources were identified using PMF analysis,including dust/soil(6.7%),industry emission(4.5%),secondary aerosols(30.3%),metal processing(3.2%),coal combustion(37.5%)and traffic-related source(17.8%).Some of the sources were identified to have effects on ERVs of total respiratory diseases(dust/soil,secondary aerosols,metal processing,coal combustion and traffic-related source),bronchitis ERVs(dust/soil)and COPD ERVs(traffic-related source,industry emission and secondary aerosols).Different sources of PM2.5 contribute to increased risk of respiratory ERVs to different extents,which may provide potential implications for the decision making of air quality related policies,rational emission control and public health welfare.
基金supported by Brown University Richard B.Salomon Faculty Research Award,Research Career Development Award of Dermatology Foundation,and Nurses' Health Study Ⅱ grant(UM1 CA176726)
文摘The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals.We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning,which we view as a sunogate for tanning addiction,and food addiction.A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses＇ Health Study II.In2005,we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years,and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these periods.Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress,assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.Totally 23.3%（15,822） of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years.A total of 5,557（8.2%） women met the criteria for food addiction.We observed a dose-response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction（P_（trend）〈 0.0001）,independent of depression,BMI,and other confounders.Compared with never indoor tanners,the odds ratio（95%confidence interval） of food addiction was 1.07（0.99-1.17） for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year,1.25（1.09-1.43） for 3-5times/year,1.34（1.14-1.56） for 6-11 times/year,1.61（1.35-1.91） for 12-23 times/year,and 2.98（1.95-4.57） for 24 or more times/year.Frequent indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle age.Our data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning,which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2401900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203163)+4 种基金the High-level Hospital Construction Project(No.DFJH201905)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No.2021A1515010838)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Guangdong(No.2022A0505050048)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.201903010028)Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Intermural Program(No.KJ012019447).
文摘The abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib is frequently used to clinically treat NSCLC and exhibits marked efficacy in patients with NSCLC who have an EGFR mutation.However,free osimertinib administration exhibits an inadequate response in vivo,with only~3%patients demonstrating a complete clinical response.Consequently,we designed a biomimetic nanoparticle(CMNP^(@Osi))comprising a polymeric nanoparticle core and tumor cell-derived membrane-coated shell that combines membrane-mediated homologous and molecular targeting for targeted drug delivery,thereby supporting a dual-target strategy for enhancing osimertinib efficacy.After intravenous injection,CMNP^(@Osi)accumulates at tumor sites and displays enhanced uptake into cancer cells based on homologous targeting.Osimertinib is subsequently released into the cytoplasm,where it suppresses the phosphorylation of upstream EGFR and the downstream AKT signaling pathway and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells.Thus,this dual-targeting strategy using a biomimetic nanocarrier can enhance molecular-targeted drug delivery and improve clinical efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21777100, 81803267)。
文摘Emphysema,myofibroblast accumulation and airway remodeling can occur in the lungs due to exposure to atmospheric pollution,especially fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Specifically,bronchial epithelium-fibroblast communication participates in airway remodeling,which results in COPD.An increasing number of studies are now being conducted on the role of exosome-mediated cell-cell communication in disease pathogenesis.Here,we investigated whether exosomes generated from bronchial epithelial cells could deliver information to normal stromal fibroblasts and provoke cellular responses,resulting in airway obstruction in COPD.We studied the mechanism of exosome-mediated intercellular communication between human bronchial epithelial(HBE) cells and primary lung fibroblasts(pLFs).We found that PM_(2.5)-induced HBE-derived exosomes promoted myofibroblast differentiation in pLFs.Then,the exosomal lncRNA expression profiles derived from PM_(2.5)-treated HBE cells and nontreated HBE cells were investigated using an Agilent Human LncRNA Array.Combining coculture assays and direct exosome treatment,we found that HBE cell-derived exosomal HOTAIRM1 facilitated the myofibroblast differentiation of pLFs.Surprisingly,we discovered that exosomal HOTAIRM1 enhanced p LF proliferation to secrete excessive collagen secretion,leading to airway obstruction by stimulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway.Significantly,PM_(2.5)reduced FEV1/FVC and FEV1 and increased the level of serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 in healthy people;moreover,serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 was associated with PM_(2.5)-related reductions in FEV1/FVC and FVC.These findings show that PM_(2.5)triggers alterations in exosome components and clarify that one of the paracrine mediators of myofibroblast differentiation is bronchial epithelial cell-derived HOTAIRM1,which has the potential to be an effective prevention and therapeutic target for PM_(2.5)-induced COPD.
基金the Collaborative Research Fund 2021/22(Project title:"Turning 2060 Carbon Neutrality into Reality:a cross-disciplinary study of air pollution and health co-benefits of climate change mitigation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)"Project No.C7041-21GF)of the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72134006).
文摘Air pollution has been a severe issue in China.Exposure to PM_(2.5)has adverse health effects and causes economic losses.This study investigated the economic impact of exposure to PM_(2.5)pollution using monthly city-level data covering 88.3 million urban employees in 2016 and 2017.This study mainly focused on three expenditure indicators to measure the economic impact considering lower respiratory infections(LRIs),coronary heart disease(CHD),and stroke.The results show that a 10μg/m3 increase in PM_(2.5)would cause total monthly expenses of LRIs,CHD,and stroke to increase by 0.226%,0.237%,and 0.374%,respectively.We also found that LRI,CHD,and stroke hospital admissions increased significantly by 10%,8.42%,and 5.64%,respectively.Furthermore,the total hospital stays of LRIs,CHDs,and strokes increased by 2.49%,2.51%,and 1.64%,respectively.Our findings also suggest heterogeneous impacts of PM2s exposures by sex and across regions,but no statistical evidence shows significant differences between the older and younger adult subgroups.Our results provide several policy implications for reducing unequal public health expenditures in overpolutedcountries.
基金Distinguished Young Scholars Fund in Sichuan(Award No.2019JDJQ0036)Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation,China(Grant No.171043)Regional Innovation Cooperation project of Sichuan Province(Award No.2020YFQ0036).
文摘Polymer gel was widely used as water shutoff agent in mature oil fields.And the results of single-phase plugging experiments show that the plugging rate of the polymer gel to the oil phase is lower than that of the water phase.However,the disproportionate permeability reduction(DPR)mechanism of polymer gels still remains controversial.In this paper,we used four gel formulations including polyethyleneimine(PEI)and phenol-formaldehyde crosslinked gel with and without adding laponite to investigate the effect of gel elastic property on the water shutoff mechanism.The result of sand pack flooding experiments shown that the gel with higher elastic modulus has better effects on decreasing water cut and increasing oil recovery.After adding laponite,the elastic modulus of phenol-formaldehyde crosslinked gel increased from 64.2 Pa to 192 Pa,and the elastic modulus of PEI crosslinked gel increased from 27.4 Pa to 36.5 Pa.Compared to the phenol-formaldehyde-HAPM gel,the oil recovery of laponite-phenol-formaldehyde-HPAM gel increased by 5.2%and the maximum water cut decreased by 8.3%.Besides,comparing with PEI-HPAM gel,the oil recovery of laponite-PEI-HPAM gel increased by 2.7%and the water cut dropped by 27.8%.In the meanwhile,the laponite-phenol-formaldehyde-HPAM gel with higher elastic modulus obviously swells in the formation water but almost remains constant in oil at 105℃.The mass of gel soaked in the formation water increased from 42 g to 96 g and the gel volume increased by 300%within 48 hours.This study improves the understanding of the DPR mechanism of polymer gel for water shutoff.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62304259).
文摘The perception of fish locomotion is important for understanding their adaptive behaviors and ethological characteristics.However,the main strategy used for extracting fish attitudes involves the use of a vision-based monitoring system,which is limited in its range of observation and cannot perform tracking for long times.Here,we report the use of a wearable tagging electronic device,referred to as an underwater vest,to capture the surrounding flow field disturbances triggered by swimming or momentary postural changes.All of these goals were achieved by integrating a pair of pseudocapacitive pressure-sensing units and a flexible circuit board.Notably,additional conditions,such as variable hydraulic pressures and minimal changes in fish posture,require high stability and sensitivity of the sensing units.Thus,hybrid hydrogel electrodes were developed through cross-linking MXene with holey-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and further modification with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquids,which increased the interfacial capacitance and long-term interfacial activity of the MXene.Consequently,the sensing unit exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity(S_(max)~136,207 kPa^(−1))in an aquatic environment for 60 days and superior high-pressure resolution(10 Pa)within a wide working range of 1 MPa.Ultimately,an underwater vest integrated with such sensing units clearly distinguished and recorded fish locomotion.We believe that the designed device may open avenues in flow field monitoring and ocean current detection and provide new insights into the development of sensitive underwater tagging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073509)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0211600,2017YFC0211601).
文摘Previous studies have shown that exposure to black carbon(BC,a tracer of traffic-related air pollution)and psychosocial stress are both associated with adverse cardiac effects,but whether psychosocial stress could modify the cardiac effects of BC is unclear.To investigate the potential modifying effect of psychosocial stress on the associations between acute exposure to BC and typical cardiac health variables,real-time personal 24 h measurements were conducted in a repeated-measure study among adults with elevated blood pressure(high-risk group)and a panel study among normal adults(low-risk group)in China.Measured cardiac health variables included ST-segment depression events,heart rate,and heart rate variability(HRV)variables.Perceived Stress Scale,State Anxiety Inventory and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to assess the recent psychosocial stress status of the participants,and a composite stress index was established based on these scales.Generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the associations between BC exposure and cardiac health variables and potential effect modification by psychosocial stress.A total of 9724 h measurements among 97 participants in the repeated-measure study and 20224 h measurements among 87 participants in the panel study were included in the final analysis.Acute BC exposure was significantly associated with increased ST-segment depression events and heart rate and decreases in HRV in both studies.The marginal effects of acute BC exposure on most cardiac health variables generally tended to be amplified under higher vs low levels of psychosocial stress in both studies,with the composite stress index apparently modifying the associations of BC exposure with most ST-segment depression events and HRV variables.These findings suggest that psychosocial stress may increase the participants’cardiac susceptibility to BC exposure,which could be helpful for the identification of susceptible individuals in the context of traffic-related air pollution.
基金The authors appreciate the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22076006,82073506,91543113)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1004302)the China Medical Board(No.CMB 15-228).The authors express special thanks to the contributions of all volunteers in this study.
文摘Ozone is one of the major gaseous pollutants associated with short-term adverse cardiopulmonary effects,even at concentrations below the current indoor air quality limits.However,the underlying biological mechanisms of cardiorespiratory changes with exposure to ozone remain unclear.To further explore molecular linkages between indoor ozone exposure and relevant cardiorespiratory effects,a repeated-measure panel study including 46 schoolchildren was conducted and real-time exposure measurements including ozone were performed inside classrooms every weekday during the study period.Repeated health measurements and urine sample collection were conducted in each participant.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and meet-in-metabolite approach were used in metabolomics analysis.Methods including mixed-effect models were adopted to identify metabolites associated with ozone exposure or health indices.Nine metabolites were found to be associated with ozone after mixed-effect model analysis,which are mainly involved in amino acid and bile acid metabolism.Boys may have a greater decrease in bile acid and RNA related metabolites.Four of the nine ozone-related metabolites were also associated with cardiorespiratory function indices.Furthermore,26.67%of the positive association between ozone and heart rate was mediated by cholestane-3,7,12,25-tetrol-3-glucuronide.Exposure to ozone below the current indoor standards was associated with the deteriorated cardiovascular function by disturbing bile acid and endogenous nitric oxide-related oxidation and inflammation,and associated with the exacerbated airway inflammation by reducing GPx-related anti-oxidation.The results provide metabolic evidence of the cardiorespiratory effects of indoor ozone exposure.Indoor ozone pollution should be controlled further,and more attention should be paid to preventing its adverse health effects,especially in children.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0206506,2017YFC0702701).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?With rapid urbanization,traffic-related air pollution has become a global concern.However,its association with cardiovascular health has not been fully elucidated.What is added by this report?This study provided novel evidence of the joint cardiovascular effect of multiple pollutants in subway cabins,further identified two pollutants that played dominant roles,and validated the effectiveness of targeted interventions.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2022YFC3702604 and 2022YFC3702704)Youth Top Talent Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
文摘Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a sensitive proxy reflecting the disease burden.However,the association of PM exposure with hospital admissions for CKD is still unknown,let alone the excess risks(ERs)in hospital admissions for CKD due to high PM level exposure.In this study,a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to investigate the association of ambient air PM exposure with hospital admission for CKD in 282 Chinese cities of prefecture-level or above during 2013–2017.City-specific associations of single and cumulative 0–3 days lagged exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particles(PM_(10))with hospital admissions for total CKD and its subtypes were evaluated by the conditional logistic regression model,then were pooled using the random-effect model.A total of 3,490,416 hospital admissions for CKD were identified.We found that per interquartile range(IQR)increment in PM_(2.5) at lag02 and per IQR increment in PM_(10) at lag03 were associated with increases of 2.36%(95%CI:1.58%,3.14%)and 2.87%(95%CI:1.91%,3.85%)in hospital admissions for total CKD,respectively.Compared to control concentrations(PM_(2.5):35μg/m^(3);PM_(10):50μg/m^(3)),the largest ERs in hospital admissions for total CKD were 2.63%(95%CI:2.15%–3.11%)and 4.45%(95%CI:3.85%–5.06%)in association with exposure to heavily excessive PM_(2.5)(≥75μg/m^(3))and PM_(10)(≥150μg/m^(3)),respectively.Moreover,the attributable fractions(AFs)for CKD admissions were 2.83%for PM_(2.5) and 3.46%for PM_(10) during the study period.These findings suggested that exposure to PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) is associated with substantially increased risk and burden of CKD admissions.
基金The Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program from the China Association for Science and Technology,China(2015QNRC001).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Climate change and air pollution are two important environmental issues in China.It is important to investigate particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)-related health impacts from climate change and air pollution emission control.What is added by this report?Deaths and years of life lost related to PM2.5 would increase in climate change scenario,although emission control would outweigh the influence of climate change.What are the implications for public health practice?More targeted actions should be taken to meet challenges of exacerbated PM2.5 pollutions and its health impacts related to climate change in the future.
