On September 5,2019,a moderate earthquake of Mw5.4 unexpectedly occurred in the apparently quiescent central basin of the South China Sea.We immediately carried out a seismicity monitoring experiment around the epicen...On September 5,2019,a moderate earthquake of Mw5.4 unexpectedly occurred in the apparently quiescent central basin of the South China Sea.We immediately carried out a seismicity monitoring experiment around the epicenter by using broadband ocean bottom seismometers(OBS)for the following three scientific targets.The first is knowing the earthquake seismogenic mechanism,fault structure and further development.The second is finding the role of the residual spreading ridge playing in earthquake processes and further revealing the deep structures of the ridge directional turning area.The third is confirming the existence and significance of the so called“Zhongnan fault”.This paper reports the preliminary results of the first phase experiment.Five OBSs were deployed for seismicity monitoring with a duration of 288 days,but only three were recovered.Micro-earthquakes were firstly detected by an automatic seismic phase picking algorithm and then were verified by analyzing their seismic phases and time-frequency characteristics in detail.A total of 21,68 and 89 microearthquakes were picked out from the three OBSs respectively within the distance of 30 km.The dominant frequency of these micro-earthquakes is 12-15 Hz,indicating tectonic fracturing.During the first two months after the mainshock the seismicity was relatively stronger,and micro-earthquakes were still occurring occasionally till the end of observation,indicating the epicenter area is active.We used Match&Locate method to locate 57 micro-earthquakes preliminarily.Their spatial distribution shows that the seismicity is developed mainly along the NE direction roughly parallel to the residual ridge with depth variations between 10-20 km.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a key role in a variety of biological processes,such as the perception of abiotic stress,the integration of different environmental signals,and the activation of stress response networ...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a key role in a variety of biological processes,such as the perception of abiotic stress,the integration of different environmental signals,and the activation of stress response networks.Salt stress could induce an increased ROS accumulation in plants,disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis,leading to posttranslational modifications(PTMs)of specific proteins,and eventually causing adaptive changes in metabolism.Here,we performed an iodoTMT-based proteomic approach to identify the sulfenylated proteins in B.napus root responsing to salt stress.Totally,1348 sulfenylated sites in 751 proteins were identified and these proteins were widely existed in different cell compartments and processes.Our study revealed that proteins with changed abundance and sulfenylation level in B.napus root under salt stress were mainly enriched in the biological processes of ion binding,glycolysis,ATP binding,and oxidative stress response.This study displays a landscape of sulfenylated proteins response to salt stress in B.napus root and provides some theoretical support for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of redox regulation under salt stress in plants.展开更多
Brassica napus,commonly known as rapeseed or canola,is a major oil crop contributing over 13%to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide.Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B.napus ge...Brassica napus,commonly known as rapeseed or canola,is a major oil crop contributing over 13%to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide.Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B.napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding.A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B.napus.In this review,we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B.napus,including the availability of germplasm resources,omics databases and cloned functional genes.Based on the current progress,we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field.The advances in the functional genomics of B.napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B.napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality,high resistance and high yield in B.napus varieties.展开更多
Seed oil content(SOC)is a highly important and complex trait in oil crops.Here,we decipher the genetic basis of natural variation in SOC of Brassica napus by genome-and transcriptome-wide association studies using 505...Seed oil content(SOC)is a highly important and complex trait in oil crops.Here,we decipher the genetic basis of natural variation in SOC of Brassica napus by genome-and transcriptome-wide association studies using 505 inbred lines.We mapped reliable quantitative trait loci(QTLs)that control SOC in eight environments,evaluated the effect of each QTL on SOC,and analyzed selection in QTL regions during breeding.Six-hundred and ninety-two genes and four gene modules significantly associated with SOC were identified by analyzing population transcriptomes from seeds.A gene prioritization framework,POCKET(prioritizing the candidate genes by incorporating information on knowledge-based gene sets,effects of variants,genome-wide association studies,and transcriptome-wide association studies),was implemented to determine the causal genes in the QTL regions based on multi-omic datasets.A pair of homologous genes,BnPMT6s,in two QTLs were identified and experimentally demonstrated to negatively regulate SOC.This study provides rich genetic resources for improving SOC and valuable insights toward understanding the complex machinery that directs oil accumulation in the seeds of B.napus and other oil crops.展开更多
Plants produce and accumulate triacylglycerol(TAG)in their seeds as an energy reservoir to support the processes of seed germination and seedling development.Plant seed oils are vital not only for the human diet but a...Plants produce and accumulate triacylglycerol(TAG)in their seeds as an energy reservoir to support the processes of seed germination and seedling development.Plant seed oils are vital not only for the human diet but also as renewable feedstocks for industrial use.TAG biosynthesis consists of two major steps:de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in the plastids and TAG assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum.The latest advances in unraveling transcriptional regulation have shed light on the molecular mechanisms of plant oil biosynthesis.We summarize recent progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of wellcharacterized and newly discovered transcription factors and other types of regulators that control plant fatty acid biosynthesis.The emerging picture shows that plant oil biosynthesis responds to developmental and environmental cues that stimulate a network of interacting transcriptional activators and repressors,which in turn fine-tune the spatiotemporal regulation of the pathway genes.展开更多
Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development,with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids.Here,we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHO...Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development,with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids.Here,we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4(NPC4)in rapeseed(Brassica napus)releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield,as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)-mediated knockout of Bna NPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth,whereas overexpression(OE)of Bna NPC4resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production.We demonstrate that Bna NPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro,and plants with altered Bna NPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots,with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves,particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions.In addition,Bna NPC4-OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism,phosphate release,and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves.These results indicate that Bna NPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production.展开更多
Multiview video can provide more immersive perception than traditional single 2-D video. It enables both interactive free navigation applications as well as high-end autostereoscopic displays on which multiple users c...Multiview video can provide more immersive perception than traditional single 2-D video. It enables both interactive free navigation applications as well as high-end autostereoscopic displays on which multiple users can perceive genuine 3-D content without glasses. The multiview format also comprises much more visual information than classical 2-D or stereo 3-D content, which makes it possible to perform various interesting editing operations both on pixel-level and object-level. This survey provides a comprehensive review of existing multiview video synthesis and editing algorithms and applications. For each topic, the related technologies in classical 2-D image and video processing are reviewed. We then continue to the discussion of recent advanced techniques for multiview video virtual view synthesis and various interactive editing applications. Due to the ongoing progress on multiview video synthesis and editing, we can foresee more and more immersive 3-D video applications will appear in the future.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076047,41890811)。
文摘On September 5,2019,a moderate earthquake of Mw5.4 unexpectedly occurred in the apparently quiescent central basin of the South China Sea.We immediately carried out a seismicity monitoring experiment around the epicenter by using broadband ocean bottom seismometers(OBS)for the following three scientific targets.The first is knowing the earthquake seismogenic mechanism,fault structure and further development.The second is finding the role of the residual spreading ridge playing in earthquake processes and further revealing the deep structures of the ridge directional turning area.The third is confirming the existence and significance of the so called“Zhongnan fault”.This paper reports the preliminary results of the first phase experiment.Five OBSs were deployed for seismicity monitoring with a duration of 288 days,but only three were recovered.Micro-earthquakes were firstly detected by an automatic seismic phase picking algorithm and then were verified by analyzing their seismic phases and time-frequency characteristics in detail.A total of 21,68 and 89 microearthquakes were picked out from the three OBSs respectively within the distance of 30 km.The dominant frequency of these micro-earthquakes is 12-15 Hz,indicating tectonic fracturing.During the first two months after the mainshock the seismicity was relatively stronger,and micro-earthquakes were still occurring occasionally till the end of observation,indicating the epicenter area is active.We used Match&Locate method to locate 57 micro-earthquakes preliminarily.Their spatial distribution shows that the seismicity is developed mainly along the NE direction roughly parallel to the residual ridge with depth variations between 10-20 km.
基金funded by the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps of China[2018AA005]and the 111 Project[B20051]supported by the PTM Biolabs lnc.[Hangzhou,China]for technical assistance.
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a key role in a variety of biological processes,such as the perception of abiotic stress,the integration of different environmental signals,and the activation of stress response networks.Salt stress could induce an increased ROS accumulation in plants,disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis,leading to posttranslational modifications(PTMs)of specific proteins,and eventually causing adaptive changes in metabolism.Here,we performed an iodoTMT-based proteomic approach to identify the sulfenylated proteins in B.napus root responsing to salt stress.Totally,1348 sulfenylated sites in 751 proteins were identified and these proteins were widely existed in different cell compartments and processes.Our study revealed that proteins with changed abundance and sulfenylation level in B.napus root under salt stress were mainly enriched in the biological processes of ion binding,glycolysis,ATP binding,and oxidative stress response.This study displays a landscape of sulfenylated proteins response to salt stress in B.napus root and provides some theoretical support for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of redox regulation under salt stress in plants.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(32225037)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021HSZD004)+1 种基金HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(SZYJY2022008)Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(B20051)。
文摘Brassica napus,commonly known as rapeseed or canola,is a major oil crop contributing over 13%to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide.Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B.napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding.A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B.napus.In this review,we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B.napus,including the availability of germplasm resources,omics databases and cloned functional genes.Based on the current progress,we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field.The advances in the functional genomics of B.napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B.napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality,high resistance and high yield in B.napus varieties.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFD0101000,2017YFE0104800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070559,31871658).
文摘Seed oil content(SOC)is a highly important and complex trait in oil crops.Here,we decipher the genetic basis of natural variation in SOC of Brassica napus by genome-and transcriptome-wide association studies using 505 inbred lines.We mapped reliable quantitative trait loci(QTLs)that control SOC in eight environments,evaluated the effect of each QTL on SOC,and analyzed selection in QTL regions during breeding.Six-hundred and ninety-two genes and four gene modules significantly associated with SOC were identified by analyzing population transcriptomes from seeds.A gene prioritization framework,POCKET(prioritizing the candidate genes by incorporating information on knowledge-based gene sets,effects of variants,genome-wide association studies,and transcriptome-wide association studies),was implemented to determine the causal genes in the QTL regions based on multi-omic datasets.A pair of homologous genes,BnPMT6s,in two QTLs were identified and experimentally demonstrated to negatively regulate SOC.This study provides rich genetic resources for improving SOC and valuable insights toward understanding the complex machinery that directs oil accumulation in the seeds of B.napus and other oil crops.
基金This work was supported by Ministry of Education(MOE)of Singapore Tier 1 to W.M.(RG29/20)MOE of Singapore Tier 2 to W.M.(MOE-T2EP30220-0011)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China to L.Y.(2019YFC1711100)the Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Research Fund to L.G.(2021HSZD004)the HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund to L.G.(SZYJY2021004).
文摘Plants produce and accumulate triacylglycerol(TAG)in their seeds as an energy reservoir to support the processes of seed germination and seedling development.Plant seed oils are vital not only for the human diet but also as renewable feedstocks for industrial use.TAG biosynthesis consists of two major steps:de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in the plastids and TAG assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum.The latest advances in unraveling transcriptional regulation have shed light on the molecular mechanisms of plant oil biosynthesis.We summarize recent progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of wellcharacterized and newly discovered transcription factors and other types of regulators that control plant fatty acid biosynthesis.The emerging picture shows that plant oil biosynthesis responds to developmental and environmental cues that stimulate a network of interacting transcriptional activators and repressors,which in turn fine-tune the spatiotemporal regulation of the pathway genes.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1200400)the Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province (2021ABA011)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662022ZKPY001)a Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (B20051)an Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI)award[2020-67013-30908/project accession number 1022148]of the US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculturethe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M731230)。
文摘Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development,with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids.Here,we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4(NPC4)in rapeseed(Brassica napus)releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield,as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)-mediated knockout of Bna NPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth,whereas overexpression(OE)of Bna NPC4resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production.We demonstrate that Bna NPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro,and plants with altered Bna NPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots,with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves,particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions.In addition,Bna NPC4-OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism,phosphate release,and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves.These results indicate that Bna NPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production.
基金partially supported by Innoviris(3-DLicornea project)FWO(project G.0256.15)+3 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61272226 and 61373069)Research Grant of Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research CenterTsinghua-Tencent Joint Laboratory for Internet Innovation TechnologyTsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program
文摘Multiview video can provide more immersive perception than traditional single 2-D video. It enables both interactive free navigation applications as well as high-end autostereoscopic displays on which multiple users can perceive genuine 3-D content without glasses. The multiview format also comprises much more visual information than classical 2-D or stereo 3-D content, which makes it possible to perform various interesting editing operations both on pixel-level and object-level. This survey provides a comprehensive review of existing multiview video synthesis and editing algorithms and applications. For each topic, the related technologies in classical 2-D image and video processing are reviewed. We then continue to the discussion of recent advanced techniques for multiview video virtual view synthesis and various interactive editing applications. Due to the ongoing progress on multiview video synthesis and editing, we can foresee more and more immersive 3-D video applications will appear in the future.
