With the rapid development of large AI models,large decision models have further broken through the limits of human cognition and promoted the innovation of decision-making paradigms in extensive fields such as medici...With the rapid development of large AI models,large decision models have further broken through the limits of human cognition and promoted the innovation of decision-making paradigms in extensive fields such as medicine and transportation.In this paper,we systematically expound on the intelligent decision-making technology and prospects driven by large AI models.Specifically,we first review the development of large AI models in recent years.Then,from the perspective of methods,we introduce important theories and technologies of large decision models,such as model architecture and model adaptation.Next,from the perspective of applications,we introduce the cutting-edge applications of large decision models in various fields,such as autonomous driving and knowledge decision-making.Finally,we discuss existing challenges,such as security issues,decision bias and hallucination phenomenon as well as future prospects,from both technology development and domain applications.We hope this review paper can help researchers understand the important progress of intelligent decision-making driven by large AI models.展开更多
Silicon oxide(SiO_(x),0<x≤2)has been recognized as a prominent anode material in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,suitable electrochemical potential,and earth abu...Silicon oxide(SiO_(x),0<x≤2)has been recognized as a prominent anode material in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,suitable electrochemical potential,and earth abundance.However,it is intrinsically poor electronic conductivity and excessive volume expansion during potassiation/depotassiation process hinder its application in potassium-ion batteries.Herein,we reported a hierarchical porous C/SiO_(x)potassium-ion batteries anode using lignite as raw material via a one-step carbonization and activation method.The amorphous C skeleton around SiO_(x)particles can effectively buffer the volume expansion,and improve the ionic/electronic conductivity and structural integrity,achieving outstanding rate capability and cyclability.As expected,the obtained C/SiO_(x)composite delivers a superb specific capacity of 370 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)after 100 cycles as well as a highly reversible capacity of 208 mAh g^(-1)after 1200 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).Moreover,the potassium ion storage mechanism of C/SiO_(x)electrodes was investigated by ex-situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy,revealing the formation of reversible products of K_(6.8)Si_(45.3)and K_(4)SiO_(4),accompanied by generation of irreversible K2O after the first cycle.This work sheds light on designing low-cost Si-based anode materials for high-performance potassium-ion batteries and beyond.展开更多
As one of the four major skills in English learning,speaking is an important part in English learning which getting more and more attention.The study set out to improve the accuracy of speech recognition by applying s...As one of the four major skills in English learning,speaking is an important part in English learning which getting more and more attention.The study set out to improve the accuracy of speech recognition by applying speech recognition technology to the evaluation of English pronunciation.On this basis,the study attempts to improve computer speech evaluation methods.This model employs indexes such as intonation,speech rate,rhythm and intonation,using multi-dimensional indicators as evaluation criteria to establish a more comprehensive and objective English speech evaluation model.English learners can use the evaluation systems to guide their self-study,and the system can have a profound influence on the practice of teaching spoken English.展开更多
While foxtail millet boasts high nutritional value,its use is still not fully realized.Various fermentation agents were used on millet dough to enhance the flavor and quality of staple foods based on millet.The study ...While foxtail millet boasts high nutritional value,its use is still not fully realized.Various fermentation agents were used on millet dough to enhance the flavor and quality of staple foods based on millet.The study investigates the effects of fermentation on the gelatinization properties,rheological behavior,water distribution,microstructure,and flavor profile of foxtail millet steamed bread.Results showed an increase in the viscosity of sourdough millet dough(SD)and lactic acid bacteria millet dough(LABD)compared to the yeast millet dough,indicating enhanced stability of the products when multiple microbial strains were added.In the LABD,lactic acid bacteria metabolism reduced hydrogen atom levels,shortened peak time,and improved water retention.The tan δ initially decreased and then stabilized as angular frequency increased,demonstrating higher viscoelasticity and better maintenance of the gluten network.Microstructural analysis revealed that natural fermentation enhanced the gluten network in the dough through enzymatic modification of protein structures.SD and LABD fermentation significantly improved the texture of the steamed bread and enhanced the aroma of volatile compounds,particularly esters and aldehydes.Ethyl lactate and ethyl nonanoate were identified as potential contributors to the natural and fresh aroma of the bread.These findings indicate that multi-strain natural fermentation is valuable in practical applications and may inspire future innovations in millet-based staple food production.展开更多
Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)have received increasing interest for grid stationary energy storage application due to their affordability,high power,and energy densities.The major challenge for SICs is to overcome the ki...Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)have received increasing interest for grid stationary energy storage application due to their affordability,high power,and energy densities.The major challenge for SICs is to overcome the kinetics imbalance between faradaic anode and nonfaradaic cathode.To boost the Na+reaction kinetics,the present work demonstrated a high-rate MnS-based anode by embedding the MnS nanocrystals into the N,S-co-doped carbon matrix(MnS@NSC).Benefiting from the fast pseudocapacitive Na+storage behavior,the resulting composite exhibits extraordinary rate capability(205.6 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1)and outstanding cycling stability without notable degradation after 2000 cycles.A prototype SIC was demonstrated using MnS@NSC anode and N-doped porous carbon(NC)cathode;the obtained hybrid SIC device can display a high energy density of 139.8 Wh kg−1 and high power density of 11,500 W kg−1,as well as excellent cyclability with 84.5%capacitance retention after 3000 cycles.The superior electrochemical performance is contributed to downsizing of MnS and encapsulation of conductive N,S-co-doped carbon matrix,which not only promote the Na+and electrons transport,but also buffer the volume variations and maintain the structure integrity during Na+insertion/extraction,enabling its comparable fast reaction kinetics and cyclability with NC cathode.展开更多
Organic redox compounds are attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their low cost,environmental friendliness,multiple-electron-transfer reactions,and resource sustainability.However,the re...Organic redox compounds are attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their low cost,environmental friendliness,multiple-electron-transfer reactions,and resource sustainability.However,the realized energy density is constrained by the limited capacity and low voltage.Herein,copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane(CuTCNQ),an organic charge-transfer complex is evaluated as a zinc-ion battery cathode owing to the good electron acceptation ability in the cyano groups that improves the voltage output.Through electrochemical activation,electrolyte optimization,and adoption of graphene-based separator,CuTCNQ-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries deliver much improved rate performance and cycling stability with anti-self-discharge properties.The structural evolution of CuTCNQ during discharge/charge are investigated by ex situ Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR)spectra,ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and in situ ultraviolet visible spectroscopy(UV-vis),revealing reversible redox reactions in both cuprous cations(Cu^(+))and organic anions(TCNQ^(x-1)),thus delivering a high voltage output of 1.0 V and excellent discharge capacity of 158 mAh g^(-1).The remarkable electrochemical performance in Zn//CuTCNQ is ascribed to the strong inductive effect of cyano groups in CuTCNQ that elevated the voltage output and the graphene-modified separator that inhibited CuTCNQ dissolution and shuttle effect in aqueous electrolytes.展开更多
All inorganic CsPbI_(3)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as disruptive photovoltaic technology owing to their admirable photoelectric properties and the non-volatile active layer.However,the phase instability a...All inorganic CsPbI_(3)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as disruptive photovoltaic technology owing to their admirable photoelectric properties and the non-volatile active layer.However,the phase instability against moisture severely limits the fabrication environment for the high-efficiency devices,breaking through the confinement region to achieve scalable manufacturing has been the primary issue for future commercialization.Here,we develop a curing-anti-solvent strategy for fabricating high-quality and stable black-phase CsPbI_(3)perovskite films in ambient air by introducing an inorganic polymer perhydropolysilazane(PHPS)into methyl acetate to form anti-template agent.The cross-linked PHPS reduces moisture erosions while the hydrolyzate silanol network(–Si(OH)_(4)^(–))controls the perovskite crystal growth by forming Lewis adducts with PbI_(2)during the fabrication.The polycondensation adduct of Si–O–Si/Si–O–Pb strongly binds to CsPbI_(3)grains as a shield layer to hamper phase transition.Using the inorganic CsPbI_(3)perovskite thin-film with PHPS-modified anti-solvent processing as the light absorber,the n–i–p planar solar cell achieved an efficiency of 19.17%under standard illumination test conditions.More importantly,the devices showed excellent moisture stability,retaining about 90%of the initial efficiency after 1000 h under 30%RH.展开更多
With the popularity and rise of Chongqing,Chengdu,Xi’an and other cities on the short video platform,short video is increasingly becoming a new weapon for the construction and dissemination of the city image.Research...With the popularity and rise of Chongqing,Chengdu,Xi’an and other cities on the short video platform,short video is increasingly becoming a new weapon for the construction and dissemination of the city image.Researching on the content,methods and effects of the hottest video APP Tik Tok,this paper adopts research methods of case analysis and text analysis to investigate how short videos promote the spread of urban image,and explore how they can enhance urban image transmission in the new media era in a better way.展开更多
the effect of different particle sizes and processing techniques on the nutrients and physicochemical properties of millet flour was investigated.the processed samples,polished millet flour(PoF)and germinated brown mi...the effect of different particle sizes and processing techniques on the nutrients and physicochemical properties of millet flour was investigated.the processed samples,polished millet flour(PoF)and germinated brown millet flour(GEF),and brown millet flour(brF)were sieved to obtain 6 particle sizes,then determined the content of reducing sugar,starch,amino acid,protein and the parameters(color,viscosity,gelatinization temperature,crystallinity and microstructure)of millet flour.the results showed that smaller particle size could have more reducing sugar and amino acid,lower viscosity,less redness and yellowness,more lightness and higher gelatinization temperature.Germination increased reducing sugar content but consumed starch.besides that,germination also improved amino acids and protein content,and changed proportion of amino acids.Gelatinization temperature and thermal stability increased but viscosity decreased in different particle size after germination.Grinding processing improved the viscosity and enthalpy,increased the proportion of starch in the whole grain,enhance the brightness,yellowness and redness but the thermal stability decreased in different particle size.the change of nutrients content affected the physicochemical parameters.correlation analysis showed that the viscosity,flour color and starch gel temperature of brF and GEF were mainly affected by starch,while that of PoF were mainly affected by amino acids.research on processing technology and particle size of foxtail millet was guidance for selection of raw materials food processing and food formula.展开更多
Gossypium mustelinum （（AD）4） is one of five disomic species in Gossypium. Three 45S ribosomal DNA （rDNA） loci were detected in （AD）4 with 45S rDNA as probe, and three pairs of brighter signals were detected wi...Gossypium mustelinum （（AD）4） is one of five disomic species in Gossypium. Three 45S ribosomal DNA （rDNA） loci were detected in （AD）4 with 45S rDNA as probe, and three pairs of brighter signals were detected with genomic DNA （gDNA） of Gossypium D genome species as probes. The size and the location of these brighter signals were the same as those detected with 45S rDNA as probe, and were named GISH-NOR. One of them was super-major, which accounted for the fact that about one-half of its chromosome at metaphase was located at chromosome 3, and other two were minor and located at chromosomes 5 and 9, respectively. All GISH-NORs were located in A sub-genome chromosomes, separate from the other four allopolyploid cotton species. GISH-NOR were detected with D genome species as probe, but not A. The greatly abnormal sizes and sites of （AD）4 NORs or GISH-NORs indicate a possible mechanism for 45S rDNA diversification following （AD）4 speciation. Comparisons of GISH intensities and GISH-NOR production with gDNA probes between A and D genomes show that the better relationship of （AD）4 is with A genome. The shortest two chromosomes of A sub-genome of G. mustelinum were shorter than the longest chromosome of D sub-genome chromosomes. Therefore, the longest 13 chromosomes of tetraploid cotton being classified as A sub-genome, while the shorter 13 chromosomes being classified as D sub-genome in traditional cytogenetic and karyotype analyses may not be entirely correct.展开更多
Background:Non-healing wounds are an intractable problem of major clinical relevance.Evidence has shown that dermal papilla cells(DPCs)may regulate the wound-healing process by secreting extracellular vesicles(EVs).Ho...Background:Non-healing wounds are an intractable problem of major clinical relevance.Evidence has shown that dermal papilla cells(DPCs)may regulate the wound-healing process by secreting extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,low isolation efficiency and restricted cell viability hinder the applications of DPC-EVs in wound healing.In this study,we aimed to develop novel 3D-DPC spheroids(tdDPCs)based on self-feeder 3D culture and to evaluate the roles of tdDPC-EVs in stimulating angiogenesis and skin wound healing.Methods:To address the current limitations of DPC-EVs,we previously developed a self-feeder 3D culture method to construct tdDPCs.DPCs and tdDPCs were identified using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.Subsequently,we extracted EVs from the cells and compared the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)in vitro using immunofluorescence staining,a scratch-wound assay and a Transwell assay.We simultaneously established a murine model of full-thickness skin injury and evaluated the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on wound-healing efficiency in vivo using laser Doppler,as well as hematoxylin and eosin,Masson,CD31 andα-SMA staining.To elucidate the underlying mechanism,we conducted RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)of tdDPC-EV-and phosphate-buffered saline-treated HUVECs.To validate the RNA-seq data,we constructed knockdown and overexpression vectors of Krüppel-like factor 4(KLF4).Western blotting,a scratch-wound assay,a Transwell assay and a tubule-formation test were performed to detect the protein expression,cell migration and lumen-formation ability of KLF4 and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)in HUVECs incubated with tdDPC-EVs after KLF4 knockdown or overexpression.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to verify the activation effect of KLF4 on VEGFA.Results:We successfully cultured tdDPCs and extracted EVs from DPCs and tdDPCs.The tdDPC-EVs significantly promoted the proliferation,lumen formation and migration of HUVECs.Unlike DPC-EVs,tdDPC-EVs exhibited significant advantages in terms of promoting angiogenesis,accelerating wound healing and enhancing wound-healing efficiency both in vitro and in vivo.Bioinformatics analysis and further functional experiments verified that the tdDPC-EV-regulated KLF4/VEGFA axis is pivotal in accelerating wound healing.Conclusions:3D cultivation can be utilized as an innovative optimization strategy to effectively develop DPC-derived EVs for the treatment of skin wounds.tdDPC-EVs significantly enhance wound healing via KLF4/VEGFA-driven angiogenesis.展开更多
A state-of-the-art review was delivered in the manuscript to analyze the current situations and the advantages/disadvantages of resilient deformation related issues to the unbound granular material(UGM),including test...A state-of-the-art review was delivered in the manuscript to analyze the current situations and the advantages/disadvantages of resilient deformation related issues to the unbound granular material(UGM),including testing methods,influencing factors and constitutive models,through which the bottlenecks in UGM resilient deformation characterizations were located and new theories and future research recommendations were proposed.Compared with other testing methods,the hollow cylinder test and true triaxial test are the only two to determine the anisotropic moduli of the UGM.Although significant advantages are observed in more advanced test apparatus such as true triaxial test,further improvements should be made,such as more advanced process identification control algorithm,to more conveniently control the nine independent hydraulic system and accurately measure UGM anisotropic properties.Confusions and conflicts in understanding the influencing factors to UGM resilient modulus were located,such as the stress history,the residual stress,the dry density,the gradation/fine content and the freeze-thaw cycle,based on which future research could be conducted.Through reviewing evolutions of the UGM constitutive models and comparing their representativeness and complexity comprehensively,major drawbacks were discovered and a new theory was proposed afterward to modify the UGM constitutive model,although further validations are still needed.展开更多
The odor of the foxtail millet is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the foxtail millet quality.Different sowing time results in different quality of the foxtail millet,and the volatiles can be used as fing...The odor of the foxtail millet is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the foxtail millet quality.Different sowing time results in different quality of the foxtail millet,and the volatiles can be used as fingerprint for distinguish them.The odor components of foxtail millets from spring sowing area and summer sowing area were investigated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)combined with simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE).A total of 53 volatile compounds were identified in all the samples containing 19 aldehydes,4 alcohols,7 ketones,7 benzene derivatives,12 hydrocarbons,3 heterocycles and 1 acid.Aldehydes were the predominant odor components in foxtail millet.Compared with summer sowing area,there were abundant variety and high content of odor components in spring sowing area.Twenty-one volatiles were found to be odor-active compounds.The components with the highest OAVs in most sowing area were(E,E)-2,4-decadienal,(E)-2-nonenal,(E,E)-2,4-nonadienal and nonanal.Finally,20 volatiles were screened out to distinguish the foxtail millet from spring-sowing area and summer-sowing area by multivariate statistical analysis.The results will be helpful to identify the foxtail millet from different sowing seasons and provide evidence that the spring-sowing foxtail millet shows more active odors.展开更多
The friction properties of wet clutches are highly dependent on the surface tribofilms formed by automatic transmission fluids (ATFs). Here, four commercial ATFs were evaluated with a disc-on-disc tribometer to study ...The friction properties of wet clutches are highly dependent on the surface tribofilms formed by automatic transmission fluids (ATFs). Here, four commercial ATFs were evaluated with a disc-on-disc tribometer to study tribofilm formation on steel surfaces and the effects of tribofilms on the friction properties. The chemical composition, stoichiometry, structure, and thickness of the tribofilms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Calcium phosphate (CaP) tribofilms form on the friction surface with all ATFs, which contributes to their antishudder characteristics. The thickness and surface coverage of CaP tribofilms are positively correlated with their antishudder properties.展开更多
In order to investigate the effects of probe support on the stall characteristics of micro compressors, an experiment was carried out on a large-scale low-speed research compressor according to the principle of geomet...In order to investigate the effects of probe support on the stall characteristics of micro compressors, an experiment was carried out on a large-scale low-speed research compressor according to the principle of geometric similarity. A cylindrical probe support intruding to 50% blade span was mounted at 50% chord upstream from the rotor blade leading edge. The static pressure rise characteristic of the compressor is measured, with and without the probe support respectively. The dynamic compressor behavior from pre-stall to full stall was also measured. The results indicate that the stability margin of the compressor is lowered after installing the probe support. The stall inception is aroused by modal wave disturbances. The disturbances developed into two stall cells smoothly before installing the probe support, while the disturbances first developed into a single stall cell then splitting into two stall cells after installing the probe support. The presence of probe support lowers the initial intensity of the rotating stall of the compressor, while it doesn't alter the intensity of the rotation stall after the compressor enters into full stall.展开更多
The visualization and analysis of a novel acoustic-particulate system is the objective of this study. The system is composed of rice-husk fired smoke particulates (36.7 nm-840 μm) and one annular resonant circular-tu...The visualization and analysis of a novel acoustic-particulate system is the objective of this study. The system is composed of rice-husk fired smoke particulates (36.7 nm-840 μm) and one annular resonant circular-tube waveguide contrarily coupled with two sound sources. The collective interaction behavior process of smoke particulates in an inhomogeneous acoustic field is displayed during an experiment and a simulation. The result shows that the aggregation and fragmentation of particles under a change in resonant frequencies and sound pressure amplitude is extremely complex. This complex process consists of dynamically tuning the particle characteristics to attain stripes shaped like thin-films/umbrellas and clusters with volume-change/fragmentation. The balanced modulation of the acoustic radiation force and secondary radiation force to alter the particle characteristics (size and stack density) is verified to be the control mechanism of the particle system. The intermediate variable of the process control is the acoustic contrast factor (Φ) related to the physical characteristics of the growing particulates. The value plus-minus alternation of Φ results in different particulate processes. This study can enhance the application of aerodynamic acoustic-particulate-fluid systems for environment protection, energy fuel conversion, and industrial production.展开更多
Background:Diagnosing sternal wound infection(SWI)following median sternotomy remains laborious and troublesome,resulting in high mortality rates and great harm to patients.Early intervention and prevention are critic...Background:Diagnosing sternal wound infection(SWI)following median sternotomy remains laborious and troublesome,resulting in high mortality rates and great harm to patients.Early intervention and prevention are critical and challenging.This study aimed to develop a simple risk prediction model to identify high-risk populations of SWI and to guide examination programs and intervention strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data obtained from 6715 patients who underwent median sternotomy between January 2016 and December 2020.The least absolute shrink and selection operator(LASSO)regression method selected the optimal subset of predictors,and multivariate logistic regression helped screen the significant factors.The nomogram model was built based on all significant factors.Area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to assess the model’s performance.Results:LASSO regression analysis selected an optimal subset containing nine predictors that were all statistically significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis.Independent risk factors of SWI included female[odds ratio(OR)=3.405,95%confidence interval(CI)=2.535-4.573],chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(OR=4.679,95%CI=2.916-7.508),drinking(OR=2.025,95%CI=1.437-2.855),smoking(OR=7.059,95%CI=5.034-9.898),re-operation(OR=3.235,95%CI=1.087-9.623),heart failure(OR=1.555,95%CI=1.200-2.016)and repeated endotracheal intubation(OR=1.975,95%CI=1.405-2.774).Protective factors included bone wax(OR=0.674,95%CI=0.538-0.843)and chest physiotherapy(OR=0.446,95%CI=0.248-0.802).The AUC of the nomogram was 0.770(95%CI=0.745-0.795)with relatively good sensitivity(0.798)and accuracy(0.620),exhibiting moderately good discernment.The model also showed an excellent fitting degree on the calibration curve.Finally,the DCA presented a remarkable net benefit.Conclusions:A visual and convenient nomogram-based risk calculator built on disease-associated predictors might help clinicians with the early identification of high-risk patients of SWI and timely intervention.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 62293545)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant ZDSYS20220323112000001).
文摘With the rapid development of large AI models,large decision models have further broken through the limits of human cognition and promoted the innovation of decision-making paradigms in extensive fields such as medicine and transportation.In this paper,we systematically expound on the intelligent decision-making technology and prospects driven by large AI models.Specifically,we first review the development of large AI models in recent years.Then,from the perspective of methods,we introduce important theories and technologies of large decision models,such as model architecture and model adaptation.Next,from the perspective of applications,we introduce the cutting-edge applications of large decision models in various fields,such as autonomous driving and knowledge decision-making.Finally,we discuss existing challenges,such as security issues,decision bias and hallucination phenomenon as well as future prospects,from both technology development and domain applications.We hope this review paper can help researchers understand the important progress of intelligent decision-making driven by large AI models.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21968022 and 51962027)the Fundamental Research Funds for Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology(no.2023QNJS052)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(no.2019BS02002)
文摘Silicon oxide(SiO_(x),0<x≤2)has been recognized as a prominent anode material in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,suitable electrochemical potential,and earth abundance.However,it is intrinsically poor electronic conductivity and excessive volume expansion during potassiation/depotassiation process hinder its application in potassium-ion batteries.Herein,we reported a hierarchical porous C/SiO_(x)potassium-ion batteries anode using lignite as raw material via a one-step carbonization and activation method.The amorphous C skeleton around SiO_(x)particles can effectively buffer the volume expansion,and improve the ionic/electronic conductivity and structural integrity,achieving outstanding rate capability and cyclability.As expected,the obtained C/SiO_(x)composite delivers a superb specific capacity of 370 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)after 100 cycles as well as a highly reversible capacity of 208 mAh g^(-1)after 1200 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).Moreover,the potassium ion storage mechanism of C/SiO_(x)electrodes was investigated by ex-situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy,revealing the formation of reversible products of K_(6.8)Si_(45.3)and K_(4)SiO_(4),accompanied by generation of irreversible K2O after the first cycle.This work sheds light on designing low-cost Si-based anode materials for high-performance potassium-ion batteries and beyond.
基金supported by the Undergraduate Innovation Training Project of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies in 2020.
文摘As one of the four major skills in English learning,speaking is an important part in English learning which getting more and more attention.The study set out to improve the accuracy of speech recognition by applying speech recognition technology to the evaluation of English pronunciation.On this basis,the study attempts to improve computer speech evaluation methods.This model employs indexes such as intonation,speech rate,rhythm and intonation,using multi-dimensional indicators as evaluation criteria to establish a more comprehensive and objective English speech evaluation model.English learners can use the evaluation systems to guide their self-study,and the system can have a profound influence on the practice of teaching spoken English.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472397)the supported by Agriculture Research System of China(CARS-06-14.5-A29).
文摘While foxtail millet boasts high nutritional value,its use is still not fully realized.Various fermentation agents were used on millet dough to enhance the flavor and quality of staple foods based on millet.The study investigates the effects of fermentation on the gelatinization properties,rheological behavior,water distribution,microstructure,and flavor profile of foxtail millet steamed bread.Results showed an increase in the viscosity of sourdough millet dough(SD)and lactic acid bacteria millet dough(LABD)compared to the yeast millet dough,indicating enhanced stability of the products when multiple microbial strains were added.In the LABD,lactic acid bacteria metabolism reduced hydrogen atom levels,shortened peak time,and improved water retention.The tan δ initially decreased and then stabilized as angular frequency increased,demonstrating higher viscoelasticity and better maintenance of the gluten network.Microstructural analysis revealed that natural fermentation enhanced the gluten network in the dough through enzymatic modification of protein structures.SD and LABD fermentation significantly improved the texture of the steamed bread and enhanced the aroma of volatile compounds,particularly esters and aldehydes.Ethyl lactate and ethyl nonanoate were identified as potential contributors to the natural and fresh aroma of the bread.These findings indicate that multi-strain natural fermentation is valuable in practical applications and may inspire future innovations in millet-based staple food production.
基金financially supported by the NRF Investigatorship (NRFI), Award No. NRF-NRFI2016-05the Campus for Research Excellent and Technological Enterprise (CREATE),National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore
文摘Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)have received increasing interest for grid stationary energy storage application due to their affordability,high power,and energy densities.The major challenge for SICs is to overcome the kinetics imbalance between faradaic anode and nonfaradaic cathode.To boost the Na+reaction kinetics,the present work demonstrated a high-rate MnS-based anode by embedding the MnS nanocrystals into the N,S-co-doped carbon matrix(MnS@NSC).Benefiting from the fast pseudocapacitive Na+storage behavior,the resulting composite exhibits extraordinary rate capability(205.6 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1)and outstanding cycling stability without notable degradation after 2000 cycles.A prototype SIC was demonstrated using MnS@NSC anode and N-doped porous carbon(NC)cathode;the obtained hybrid SIC device can display a high energy density of 139.8 Wh kg−1 and high power density of 11,500 W kg−1,as well as excellent cyclability with 84.5%capacitance retention after 3000 cycles.The superior electrochemical performance is contributed to downsizing of MnS and encapsulation of conductive N,S-co-doped carbon matrix,which not only promote the Na+and electrons transport,but also buffer the volume variations and maintain the structure integrity during Na+insertion/extraction,enabling its comparable fast reaction kinetics and cyclability with NC cathode.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52102117,51173170,and 21773216)the joint project from the Henan-Provincial and the China-National Natural Science Foundations(No.U2004208)Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(No.202102310212)
文摘Organic redox compounds are attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their low cost,environmental friendliness,multiple-electron-transfer reactions,and resource sustainability.However,the realized energy density is constrained by the limited capacity and low voltage.Herein,copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane(CuTCNQ),an organic charge-transfer complex is evaluated as a zinc-ion battery cathode owing to the good electron acceptation ability in the cyano groups that improves the voltage output.Through electrochemical activation,electrolyte optimization,and adoption of graphene-based separator,CuTCNQ-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries deliver much improved rate performance and cycling stability with anti-self-discharge properties.The structural evolution of CuTCNQ during discharge/charge are investigated by ex situ Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR)spectra,ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and in situ ultraviolet visible spectroscopy(UV-vis),revealing reversible redox reactions in both cuprous cations(Cu^(+))and organic anions(TCNQ^(x-1)),thus delivering a high voltage output of 1.0 V and excellent discharge capacity of 158 mAh g^(-1).The remarkable electrochemical performance in Zn//CuTCNQ is ascribed to the strong inductive effect of cyano groups in CuTCNQ that elevated the voltage output and the graphene-modified separator that inhibited CuTCNQ dissolution and shuttle effect in aqueous electrolytes.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(no.22005071)the Natural Science Special(Special Post)Research Foundation of Guizhou University(no.2020-13)The cultivation programs Research Foundation of Guizhou University(no.2019-64).
文摘All inorganic CsPbI_(3)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as disruptive photovoltaic technology owing to their admirable photoelectric properties and the non-volatile active layer.However,the phase instability against moisture severely limits the fabrication environment for the high-efficiency devices,breaking through the confinement region to achieve scalable manufacturing has been the primary issue for future commercialization.Here,we develop a curing-anti-solvent strategy for fabricating high-quality and stable black-phase CsPbI_(3)perovskite films in ambient air by introducing an inorganic polymer perhydropolysilazane(PHPS)into methyl acetate to form anti-template agent.The cross-linked PHPS reduces moisture erosions while the hydrolyzate silanol network(–Si(OH)_(4)^(–))controls the perovskite crystal growth by forming Lewis adducts with PbI_(2)during the fabrication.The polycondensation adduct of Si–O–Si/Si–O–Pb strongly binds to CsPbI_(3)grains as a shield layer to hamper phase transition.Using the inorganic CsPbI_(3)perovskite thin-film with PHPS-modified anti-solvent processing as the light absorber,the n–i–p planar solar cell achieved an efficiency of 19.17%under standard illumination test conditions.More importantly,the devices showed excellent moisture stability,retaining about 90%of the initial efficiency after 1000 h under 30%RH.
基金supported by the Undergraduate Innovation Training Project of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies in 2019.
文摘With the popularity and rise of Chongqing,Chengdu,Xi’an and other cities on the short video platform,short video is increasingly becoming a new weapon for the construction and dissemination of the city image.Researching on the content,methods and effects of the hottest video APP Tik Tok,this paper adopts research methods of case analysis and text analysis to investigate how short videos promote the spread of urban image,and explore how they can enhance urban image transmission in the new media era in a better way.
基金sponsorship from china Agriculture research System(CARS-06-14.5-A29)Key research and Development Project of Hebei Province(20327105D)HAAFS Science and technology innovation Special Project(2022KJCXZXSSS-1).
文摘the effect of different particle sizes and processing techniques on the nutrients and physicochemical properties of millet flour was investigated.the processed samples,polished millet flour(PoF)and germinated brown millet flour(GEF),and brown millet flour(brF)were sieved to obtain 6 particle sizes,then determined the content of reducing sugar,starch,amino acid,protein and the parameters(color,viscosity,gelatinization temperature,crystallinity and microstructure)of millet flour.the results showed that smaller particle size could have more reducing sugar and amino acid,lower viscosity,less redness and yellowness,more lightness and higher gelatinization temperature.Germination increased reducing sugar content but consumed starch.besides that,germination also improved amino acids and protein content,and changed proportion of amino acids.Gelatinization temperature and thermal stability increased but viscosity decreased in different particle size after germination.Grinding processing improved the viscosity and enthalpy,increased the proportion of starch in the whole grain,enhance the brightness,yellowness and redness but the thermal stability decreased in different particle size.the change of nutrients content affected the physicochemical parameters.correlation analysis showed that the viscosity,flour color and starch gel temperature of brF and GEF were mainly affected by starch,while that of PoF were mainly affected by amino acids.research on processing technology and particle size of foxtail millet was guidance for selection of raw materials food processing and food formula.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30170501)the National Basic Research Program of China(2004CB117300)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2003AA207051)
文摘Gossypium mustelinum （（AD）4） is one of five disomic species in Gossypium. Three 45S ribosomal DNA （rDNA） loci were detected in （AD）4 with 45S rDNA as probe, and three pairs of brighter signals were detected with genomic DNA （gDNA） of Gossypium D genome species as probes. The size and the location of these brighter signals were the same as those detected with 45S rDNA as probe, and were named GISH-NOR. One of them was super-major, which accounted for the fact that about one-half of its chromosome at metaphase was located at chromosome 3, and other two were minor and located at chromosomes 5 and 9, respectively. All GISH-NORs were located in A sub-genome chromosomes, separate from the other four allopolyploid cotton species. GISH-NOR were detected with D genome species as probe, but not A. The greatly abnormal sizes and sites of （AD）4 NORs or GISH-NORs indicate a possible mechanism for 45S rDNA diversification following （AD）4 speciation. Comparisons of GISH intensities and GISH-NOR production with gDNA probes between A and D genomes show that the better relationship of （AD）4 is with A genome. The shortest two chromosomes of A sub-genome of G. mustelinum were shorter than the longest chromosome of D sub-genome chromosomes. Therefore, the longest 13 chromosomes of tetraploid cotton being classified as A sub-genome, while the shorter 13 chromosomes being classified as D sub-genome in traditional cytogenetic and karyotype analyses may not be entirely correct.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272268)the Industry-University-Research Innovation Fund of China(2021JH030).
文摘Background:Non-healing wounds are an intractable problem of major clinical relevance.Evidence has shown that dermal papilla cells(DPCs)may regulate the wound-healing process by secreting extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,low isolation efficiency and restricted cell viability hinder the applications of DPC-EVs in wound healing.In this study,we aimed to develop novel 3D-DPC spheroids(tdDPCs)based on self-feeder 3D culture and to evaluate the roles of tdDPC-EVs in stimulating angiogenesis and skin wound healing.Methods:To address the current limitations of DPC-EVs,we previously developed a self-feeder 3D culture method to construct tdDPCs.DPCs and tdDPCs were identified using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.Subsequently,we extracted EVs from the cells and compared the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)in vitro using immunofluorescence staining,a scratch-wound assay and a Transwell assay.We simultaneously established a murine model of full-thickness skin injury and evaluated the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on wound-healing efficiency in vivo using laser Doppler,as well as hematoxylin and eosin,Masson,CD31 andα-SMA staining.To elucidate the underlying mechanism,we conducted RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)of tdDPC-EV-and phosphate-buffered saline-treated HUVECs.To validate the RNA-seq data,we constructed knockdown and overexpression vectors of Krüppel-like factor 4(KLF4).Western blotting,a scratch-wound assay,a Transwell assay and a tubule-formation test were performed to detect the protein expression,cell migration and lumen-formation ability of KLF4 and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)in HUVECs incubated with tdDPC-EVs after KLF4 knockdown or overexpression.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to verify the activation effect of KLF4 on VEGFA.Results:We successfully cultured tdDPCs and extracted EVs from DPCs and tdDPCs.The tdDPC-EVs significantly promoted the proliferation,lumen formation and migration of HUVECs.Unlike DPC-EVs,tdDPC-EVs exhibited significant advantages in terms of promoting angiogenesis,accelerating wound healing and enhancing wound-healing efficiency both in vitro and in vivo.Bioinformatics analysis and further functional experiments verified that the tdDPC-EV-regulated KLF4/VEGFA axis is pivotal in accelerating wound healing.Conclusions:3D cultivation can be utilized as an innovative optimization strategy to effectively develop DPC-derived EVs for the treatment of skin wounds.tdDPC-EVs significantly enhance wound healing via KLF4/VEGFA-driven angiogenesis.
基金financed by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China (Grant Nos.2021JQ-280,2021JQ-293)Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education,Tongji University (Grant No.K202102)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51908057)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.300102212211)。
文摘A state-of-the-art review was delivered in the manuscript to analyze the current situations and the advantages/disadvantages of resilient deformation related issues to the unbound granular material(UGM),including testing methods,influencing factors and constitutive models,through which the bottlenecks in UGM resilient deformation characterizations were located and new theories and future research recommendations were proposed.Compared with other testing methods,the hollow cylinder test and true triaxial test are the only two to determine the anisotropic moduli of the UGM.Although significant advantages are observed in more advanced test apparatus such as true triaxial test,further improvements should be made,such as more advanced process identification control algorithm,to more conveniently control the nine independent hydraulic system and accurately measure UGM anisotropic properties.Confusions and conflicts in understanding the influencing factors to UGM resilient modulus were located,such as the stress history,the residual stress,the dry density,the gradation/fine content and the freeze-thaw cycle,based on which future research could be conducted.Through reviewing evolutions of the UGM constitutive models and comparing their representativeness and complexity comprehensively,major drawbacks were discovered and a new theory was proposed afterward to modify the UGM constitutive model,although further validations are still needed.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06-14.5-A29)HAAFS Science and Technology Innovation Special Project(2022KJCXZX-SSS-1)+1 种基金Key Research and development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2022BDE92014)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2021301014).
文摘The odor of the foxtail millet is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the foxtail millet quality.Different sowing time results in different quality of the foxtail millet,and the volatiles can be used as fingerprint for distinguish them.The odor components of foxtail millets from spring sowing area and summer sowing area were investigated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)combined with simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE).A total of 53 volatile compounds were identified in all the samples containing 19 aldehydes,4 alcohols,7 ketones,7 benzene derivatives,12 hydrocarbons,3 heterocycles and 1 acid.Aldehydes were the predominant odor components in foxtail millet.Compared with summer sowing area,there were abundant variety and high content of odor components in spring sowing area.Twenty-one volatiles were found to be odor-active compounds.The components with the highest OAVs in most sowing area were(E,E)-2,4-decadienal,(E)-2-nonenal,(E,E)-2,4-nonadienal and nonanal.Finally,20 volatiles were screened out to distinguish the foxtail millet from spring-sowing area and summer-sowing area by multivariate statistical analysis.The results will be helpful to identify the foxtail millet from different sowing seasons and provide evidence that the spring-sowing foxtail millet shows more active odors.
文摘The friction properties of wet clutches are highly dependent on the surface tribofilms formed by automatic transmission fluids (ATFs). Here, four commercial ATFs were evaluated with a disc-on-disc tribometer to study tribofilm formation on steel surfaces and the effects of tribofilms on the friction properties. The chemical composition, stoichiometry, structure, and thickness of the tribofilms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Calcium phosphate (CaP) tribofilms form on the friction surface with all ATFs, which contributes to their antishudder characteristics. The thickness and surface coverage of CaP tribofilms are positively correlated with their antishudder properties.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51161130525 and 51136003)the 111 Project,No.B07009
文摘In order to investigate the effects of probe support on the stall characteristics of micro compressors, an experiment was carried out on a large-scale low-speed research compressor according to the principle of geometric similarity. A cylindrical probe support intruding to 50% blade span was mounted at 50% chord upstream from the rotor blade leading edge. The static pressure rise characteristic of the compressor is measured, with and without the probe support respectively. The dynamic compressor behavior from pre-stall to full stall was also measured. The results indicate that the stability margin of the compressor is lowered after installing the probe support. The stall inception is aroused by modal wave disturbances. The disturbances developed into two stall cells smoothly before installing the probe support, while the disturbances first developed into a single stall cell then splitting into two stall cells after installing the probe support. The presence of probe support lowers the initial intensity of the rotating stall of the compressor, while it doesn't alter the intensity of the rotation stall after the compressor enters into full stall.
基金This paper was supported by the Natural Science Foundationof Jjiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20191019)the Natural Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.19KJB470022)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Startup Foundation funding of High-level Introduction Talents of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.YKJ201912)the Open Fund Project of the Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education of Southeast University.
文摘The visualization and analysis of a novel acoustic-particulate system is the objective of this study. The system is composed of rice-husk fired smoke particulates (36.7 nm-840 μm) and one annular resonant circular-tube waveguide contrarily coupled with two sound sources. The collective interaction behavior process of smoke particulates in an inhomogeneous acoustic field is displayed during an experiment and a simulation. The result shows that the aggregation and fragmentation of particles under a change in resonant frequencies and sound pressure amplitude is extremely complex. This complex process consists of dynamically tuning the particle characteristics to attain stripes shaped like thin-films/umbrellas and clusters with volume-change/fragmentation. The balanced modulation of the acoustic radiation force and secondary radiation force to alter the particle characteristics (size and stack density) is verified to be the control mechanism of the particle system. The intermediate variable of the process control is the acoustic contrast factor (Φ) related to the physical characteristics of the growing particulates. The value plus-minus alternation of Φ results in different particulate processes. This study can enhance the application of aerodynamic acoustic-particulate-fluid systems for environment protection, energy fuel conversion, and industrial production.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shannxi Province of China(2023-JC-YB-208).
文摘Background:Diagnosing sternal wound infection(SWI)following median sternotomy remains laborious and troublesome,resulting in high mortality rates and great harm to patients.Early intervention and prevention are critical and challenging.This study aimed to develop a simple risk prediction model to identify high-risk populations of SWI and to guide examination programs and intervention strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data obtained from 6715 patients who underwent median sternotomy between January 2016 and December 2020.The least absolute shrink and selection operator(LASSO)regression method selected the optimal subset of predictors,and multivariate logistic regression helped screen the significant factors.The nomogram model was built based on all significant factors.Area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to assess the model’s performance.Results:LASSO regression analysis selected an optimal subset containing nine predictors that were all statistically significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis.Independent risk factors of SWI included female[odds ratio(OR)=3.405,95%confidence interval(CI)=2.535-4.573],chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(OR=4.679,95%CI=2.916-7.508),drinking(OR=2.025,95%CI=1.437-2.855),smoking(OR=7.059,95%CI=5.034-9.898),re-operation(OR=3.235,95%CI=1.087-9.623),heart failure(OR=1.555,95%CI=1.200-2.016)and repeated endotracheal intubation(OR=1.975,95%CI=1.405-2.774).Protective factors included bone wax(OR=0.674,95%CI=0.538-0.843)and chest physiotherapy(OR=0.446,95%CI=0.248-0.802).The AUC of the nomogram was 0.770(95%CI=0.745-0.795)with relatively good sensitivity(0.798)and accuracy(0.620),exhibiting moderately good discernment.The model also showed an excellent fitting degree on the calibration curve.Finally,the DCA presented a remarkable net benefit.Conclusions:A visual and convenient nomogram-based risk calculator built on disease-associated predictors might help clinicians with the early identification of high-risk patients of SWI and timely intervention.
