Background:The composition of intestinal microflora in animals is affected by cross-species transmission.In a nature reserve,the foraging sites of waterbirds are relatively fixed,but frequently close to residential ar...Background:The composition of intestinal microflora in animals is affected by cross-species transmission.In a nature reserve,the foraging sites of waterbirds are relatively fixed,but frequently close to residential areas and can also be visited by domestic fowls.It is easy to result in the trans-species-flock dispersal of gut microbes between the wild birds and domestic fowls.The effects of the variable foraging site distances on the gut microbe structures of the waterbirds and the sympatric domestic fowls are currently unclear,and further research is required to evaluate the impacts of geographic location on cross-infection.Methods:Illumina high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis software were utilized to compare and analyze the composition of gut microbes from the fecal samples of Hooded Cranes(HC;Grus monacha)and two groups of Domestic Ducks(Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)that foraged at 1 km(ducks in near areas,D-N),and 4 km(ducks in far areas,D-F)away from the habitats of the Hooded Cranes at Shengjin Lake,China.Results:The results showed that there were significant differences in the alpha-diversity of the gut bacteria in the HC,D-N,and D-F samples under the interspecific distance factor.The dominant bacterial phyla,Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria,showed correlations with distance for each host.The D-N group had more diverse intestinal flora than the D-F,as they were physically closer to the HC and had more indirect contact and cross-transmission of their gut microbes.More potentially pathogenic bacterial sequences,and Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs)were found in the D-N than in HC and D-F.Conclusions:Hooded Cranes and the Domestic Duck populations at variable distances from the cranes showed significant differences in their intestinal bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacteria.The closer the foraging sites were,the easier the intestinal flora spread across species.The results provide a basis for determining the safe distance between wild birds and domestic fowls in a nature reserve.展开更多
For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recen...For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .展开更多
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli is one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens and poses significant clinical chal-lenges due to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance.In this study,9,068 diarrheagenic E.coli isol...Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli is one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens and poses significant clinical chal-lenges due to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance.In this study,9,068 diarrheagenic E.coli isolates from sporadic diarrhea cases across 20 provinces of China from 2016 to 2022 were systematically analyzed to determine the preva-lence and distribution of resistance.A total of 14 antibiotics were included in the antimicrobial resistance surveil-lance.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that the majority of the isolates(89.3%)were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent,with a significant proportion(60.3%)demonstrating multidrug resistance.Isolates showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin(68.2%)and high sensitivity to imipenem(97.0%).Over the 7 years,an increas-ing trend in resistance to cefoxitin and chloramphenicol among the isolates was found.Enteroaggregative E.coli was identified as the predominant pathotype.Furthermore,antimicrobial resistance rates were higher among the iso-lates from infants under 1 year of age compared to other populations and resistance levels differed among patho-types.In summary,our findings revealed the detailed resistance characteristics of diarrheagenic E.coli strains isolated from human sporadic diarrhea cases in China,offering valuable insights that can inform clinical antibiotic treatment strategies and priorities.展开更多
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772485).
文摘Background:The composition of intestinal microflora in animals is affected by cross-species transmission.In a nature reserve,the foraging sites of waterbirds are relatively fixed,but frequently close to residential areas and can also be visited by domestic fowls.It is easy to result in the trans-species-flock dispersal of gut microbes between the wild birds and domestic fowls.The effects of the variable foraging site distances on the gut microbe structures of the waterbirds and the sympatric domestic fowls are currently unclear,and further research is required to evaluate the impacts of geographic location on cross-infection.Methods:Illumina high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis software were utilized to compare and analyze the composition of gut microbes from the fecal samples of Hooded Cranes(HC;Grus monacha)and two groups of Domestic Ducks(Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)that foraged at 1 km(ducks in near areas,D-N),and 4 km(ducks in far areas,D-F)away from the habitats of the Hooded Cranes at Shengjin Lake,China.Results:The results showed that there were significant differences in the alpha-diversity of the gut bacteria in the HC,D-N,and D-F samples under the interspecific distance factor.The dominant bacterial phyla,Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria,showed correlations with distance for each host.The D-N group had more diverse intestinal flora than the D-F,as they were physically closer to the HC and had more indirect contact and cross-transmission of their gut microbes.More potentially pathogenic bacterial sequences,and Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs)were found in the D-N than in HC and D-F.Conclusions:Hooded Cranes and the Domestic Duck populations at variable distances from the cranes showed significant differences in their intestinal bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacteria.The closer the foraging sites were,the easier the intestinal flora spread across species.The results provide a basis for determining the safe distance between wild birds and domestic fowls in a nature reserve.
基金Acknowledgements We thank Prof. An Martel at Ghent University for providing positive control samples for Bs detection by PCR. We thank Zhiqing Xu at the Chongqing Museum of Natural History for assisting with sampling. This research was supported by grants from The Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2013FYl10300） and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation （code： 5132026）.
文摘For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .
基金support provided by The National Key Research and Development Program of China,under Grant number 2022YFD1800403.
文摘Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli is one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens and poses significant clinical chal-lenges due to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance.In this study,9,068 diarrheagenic E.coli isolates from sporadic diarrhea cases across 20 provinces of China from 2016 to 2022 were systematically analyzed to determine the preva-lence and distribution of resistance.A total of 14 antibiotics were included in the antimicrobial resistance surveil-lance.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that the majority of the isolates(89.3%)were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent,with a significant proportion(60.3%)demonstrating multidrug resistance.Isolates showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin(68.2%)and high sensitivity to imipenem(97.0%).Over the 7 years,an increas-ing trend in resistance to cefoxitin and chloramphenicol among the isolates was found.Enteroaggregative E.coli was identified as the predominant pathotype.Furthermore,antimicrobial resistance rates were higher among the iso-lates from infants under 1 year of age compared to other populations and resistance levels differed among patho-types.In summary,our findings revealed the detailed resistance characteristics of diarrheagenic E.coli strains isolated from human sporadic diarrhea cases in China,offering valuable insights that can inform clinical antibiotic treatment strategies and priorities.
