Soil cadmium pollution has increasingly become a serious problem for crop production,which drastically attenuates plant growth and food safety.Although N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation is crucial for plant respon...Soil cadmium pollution has increasingly become a serious problem for crop production,which drastically attenuates plant growth and food safety.Although N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation is crucial for plant response to various stresses,the regulatory mechanism underlying m^(6)A modification during cadmium(Cd)stress remains unclear.This study investigated the physiological responses,transcriptome-wide m^(6)A methylome,and proteome changes in tomato roots exposed to 50 μmol·L^(-1)CdCl2.Excess Cd restricted plant growth,altered the antioxidant system and disrupted mineral nutrient absorption.We identified a negative correlation between m^(6)A levels and gene transcription for that 150 out of 198 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were hypomethylated but mRNA up-regulated.Cd stress also enhanced translational efficiency,particularly for differentially abundant proteins(DAPs).Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis revealed that differentially m^(6)A modified genes(DMGs),DEGs,and DAPs were commonly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,glutathione metabolism,and ABC transporters,reflecting cell wall barriers,chelation,and transport of Cd,respectively.Finally,we confirmed the Cd-transport activity of eight putative metal transporters identified in DMGs,DEGs,or DAPs by yeast complementaion experiments,and pharmacologically investigated the effect of m^(6)A modification on their expression.Treatment with the m^(6)A methylation inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A(3-DA)reduced SlIRT1/2 expression and increased SlNRAMP3/SlZIP4 expression,while the m^(6)A demethylase inhibitor meclofenamic acid(MA)treatment decreased SlNRAMP3 expression but elevated SlIRT2 expression under Cd stress.Our findings provide novel insights into the interplay between m^(6)A modification,transcription,and translation under Cd stress and the associated plant stress response.展开更多
Marigolds(Tagetes spp.)are popular horticultural plants worldwide.The current study aimed to investigate the optimal mutagenic conditions for marigold seeds using EMS(ethyl methanesulfonate)mutagenesis.Different con-c...Marigolds(Tagetes spp.)are popular horticultural plants worldwide.The current study aimed to investigate the optimal mutagenic conditions for marigold seeds using EMS(ethyl methanesulfonate)mutagenesis.Different con-centrations and treatment times of EMS were applied to investigate their effects on the marigold seed germination rate,growth traits,antioxidant enzyme activities(i.e.,SOD and POD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Results indicated that with increasing the EMS treatment duration and concentration,the seed germination rate and growth treatments were reduced,accompanied by elevated MDA content.In addition,SOD and POD activ-ities initially correlated positively with the growth tratis at the lowest concentrations and shortest durations of EMS,but such relationship diminished beyond certain thresholds.The comprehensive analysis identified the opti-mal mutagenic conditions as 1%EMS treatment for 12 h,achieving a semi-lethal dose and enhancing stress-resis-tant components in seedlings.Thesefindings are pivotal for advancing genetic enhancement and germplasm innovation in marigolds.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32002113)the Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.19KJB210001)+7 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20190958)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2021C02052)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFD1000800,2017YFE0114500)Zhejiang Provincial major Agricultural Science and Technology Projects of New Varieties Breeding(2021C02065)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-23-G44)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.DL2022026004L)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31950410555)the Innovative Research Team(Science and Technology)in the University of Henan Province(Grant No.23IRTSTHN024).
文摘Soil cadmium pollution has increasingly become a serious problem for crop production,which drastically attenuates plant growth and food safety.Although N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation is crucial for plant response to various stresses,the regulatory mechanism underlying m^(6)A modification during cadmium(Cd)stress remains unclear.This study investigated the physiological responses,transcriptome-wide m^(6)A methylome,and proteome changes in tomato roots exposed to 50 μmol·L^(-1)CdCl2.Excess Cd restricted plant growth,altered the antioxidant system and disrupted mineral nutrient absorption.We identified a negative correlation between m^(6)A levels and gene transcription for that 150 out of 198 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were hypomethylated but mRNA up-regulated.Cd stress also enhanced translational efficiency,particularly for differentially abundant proteins(DAPs).Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis revealed that differentially m^(6)A modified genes(DMGs),DEGs,and DAPs were commonly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,glutathione metabolism,and ABC transporters,reflecting cell wall barriers,chelation,and transport of Cd,respectively.Finally,we confirmed the Cd-transport activity of eight putative metal transporters identified in DMGs,DEGs,or DAPs by yeast complementaion experiments,and pharmacologically investigated the effect of m^(6)A modification on their expression.Treatment with the m^(6)A methylation inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A(3-DA)reduced SlIRT1/2 expression and increased SlNRAMP3/SlZIP4 expression,while the m^(6)A demethylase inhibitor meclofenamic acid(MA)treatment decreased SlNRAMP3 expression but elevated SlIRT2 expression under Cd stress.Our findings provide novel insights into the interplay between m^(6)A modification,transcription,and translation under Cd stress and the associated plant stress response.
基金This work was supported by Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Key R&D Plan(202303AM140018,202303AK140029,202303AK140028)Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Experiment Open Foundation(FKL-202203)+2 种基金Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Science and Technology Project Agriculture Joint Foundation(202301BD070001-208)Yunnan Provincial Expert Basic Research Workstation FoundationWe also acknowledge the financial support from the Researchers Supporting Project(RSPD2025R751),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Marigolds(Tagetes spp.)are popular horticultural plants worldwide.The current study aimed to investigate the optimal mutagenic conditions for marigold seeds using EMS(ethyl methanesulfonate)mutagenesis.Different con-centrations and treatment times of EMS were applied to investigate their effects on the marigold seed germination rate,growth traits,antioxidant enzyme activities(i.e.,SOD and POD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Results indicated that with increasing the EMS treatment duration and concentration,the seed germination rate and growth treatments were reduced,accompanied by elevated MDA content.In addition,SOD and POD activ-ities initially correlated positively with the growth tratis at the lowest concentrations and shortest durations of EMS,but such relationship diminished beyond certain thresholds.The comprehensive analysis identified the opti-mal mutagenic conditions as 1%EMS treatment for 12 h,achieving a semi-lethal dose and enhancing stress-resis-tant components in seedlings.Thesefindings are pivotal for advancing genetic enhancement and germplasm innovation in marigolds.
