BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role in learning and memory. However, studies have not determined whether the superior cervical ganglion or the sympathetic ner...BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role in learning and memory. However, studies have not determined whether the superior cervical ganglion or the sympathetic nerve system influences hippocampal neurogenesis or learning and memory in adult rats. OBJECTIVE： To observe differences in dentate gyrus neurogenesis, as well as learning and memory, in adult rats following superior cervical ganglionectomy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of the School of Life Sciences in Lanzhou University from July 2006 to July 2007. MATERIALS： Doublecortin polyclonal antibody was provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA; avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was purchased from Zhongshan Goldenbride Biotechnology, China; Morris water maze was bought from Taimeng Technology, China. METHODS： A total of 20 adult, male, Wistar rats were randomly divided into surgery and control groups, with 10 rats in each group. In the surgery group, the bilateral superior cervical ganglions were transected. In the control group, the superior cervical ganglions were only exposed, but no ganglionectomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： To examine distribution, morphology, and number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus using doublecortin immunohistochemistry at 36 days following surgical procedures. To examine ability of learning and memory in adult rats using the Morris water maze at 30 days following surgical procedures. RESULTS： Doublecortin immunohistochemical results showed that a reduction in the number of doublecortin-positive neurons in the surgery group compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）, while the distribution of doublecortin-positive neurons was identical in the two groups. The surgery group exhibited significantly worse performance in learning and spatial memory tasks compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Superior cervical ganglienectomy inhibited neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and decreased learning and memory abilities in adult rats.展开更多
Background:Elizabethkingia infections have become life-threatening hospital-acquired infections worldwide,marked by rising morbidity,multidrug resistance,and poor prognoses.However,information on the epidemio-logical ...Background:Elizabethkingia infections have become life-threatening hospital-acquired infections worldwide,marked by rising morbidity,multidrug resistance,and poor prognoses.However,information on the epidemio-logical and clinical characteristics of Elizabethkingia infections in China's mainland is limited.This study aimed to analyze the molecular and clinical characteristics,and drug susceptibility of clinical Elizabethkingia isolates from a hospital in Jiangxi Province,China.Methods:A total of 103 Elizabethkingia isolates,identified by conventional methods,were collected from patients at a university-affiliated hospital in 2022 and 2023.Species identification was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The feasibility of the Vitek MS was also evaluated.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing,resistance gene identification,and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were performed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 61 years(excluding one 13-day-old infant)and 75.3% were men.In total,86.4% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit were infected with Elizabethkingia.COVID-19,respiratory disease,and ICU admission were significantly different between the surviving and dying groups(p<0.05).Sequencing of 103 isolates identified 92 strains of Elizabethkingia anophelis,eight strains of Eliza-bethkingia meningoseptica,two strains of Elizabethkingia bruuniana,and one strain of Elizabethkingia ursingii.The Vitek MS had a correct identification rate of 87% for Elizabethkingia anophelis.More than 90% of the Eliza-bethkingia isolates were susceptible to minocycline,but resistant to other drugs,including ceftazidime,aztre-onam,and imipenem.Resistance genotype analysis showed that blaBlaB and blaCME were highly prevalent in the Elizabethkingia isolates.Molecular typing revealed 29 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types with clonal transmission between wards.Conclusions:Multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia is being increasingly detected.Therefore,a larger database is re-quired for Elizabethkingia strain identification.This database could be beneficial for the subsequent determination of optimal antimicrobial drugs for treating infections caused by various Elizabethkingia strains.Our pulsed-field gel electrophoresis model showed that most Elizabethkingia isolates exhibit sufficient genetic diversity and clonal transmission.Therefore,adequate attention should be directed towards this pathogen.展开更多
Heat stress(HS)can cause a series of stress responses,resulting in numerous negative effects on the body,such as the diminished food intake,carcass quality and reproductive capacity.In addition to the negative effects...Heat stress(HS)can cause a series of stress responses,resulting in numerous negative effects on the body,such as the diminished food intake,carcass quality and reproductive capacity.In addition to the negative effects on the peripheral system,HS leads to central nervous system(CNS)disorders given its toll on neuroinflammation.This neuroinflammatory process is mainly mediated by microglia and astrocytes,which are involved in the activation of glial cells and the secretion of cytokines.While the regulation of inflammatory signaling has a close relationship with the expression of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70),HS-induced neuroinflammation is closely related to the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Moreover,oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress are key players in the development of neuroinflammation.Chromium(Cr)has been widely shown to have neuroprotective effects in both humans and animals,despite the lack of mechanistic evidence.Evidence has shown that Cr supplementation can increase the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1),a major neurotrophic factor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.This review highlights recent advances in the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of Cr-mediated IGF-1 actions on HS-induced neuroinflammation,providing presently existing evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of Cr.展开更多
Stability is a fundamental ecological property of the gut microbiota and is associated with host health.Numerous studies have shown that unbalanced dietary components disturb the gut microbial composition and thereby ...Stability is a fundamental ecological property of the gut microbiota and is associated with host health.Numerous studies have shown that unbalanced dietary components disturb the gut microbial composition and thereby contribute to the onset and progression of disease.However,the impact of unbalanced diets on the stability of the gut microbiota is poorly understood.In the present study,four-week-old mice were fed a plant-based diet high in refined carbohydrates or a high-fat diet for four weeks to simulate a persistent unbalanced diet.We found that persistent unbalanced diets significantly reduced the gut bacterial richness and increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks.Furthermore,the gut bacterial response to unbalanced diets was phylogenetically conserved,which reduced network modularity and enhanced the proportion of positive associations between community taxon,thereby amplifying the co-oscillation of perturbations among community species to destabilize gut microbial communities.The disturbance test revealed that the gut microbiota of mice fed with unbalanced diets was less resistant to antibiotic perturbation and pathogenic bacteria invasion.This study may fill a gap in the mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiota stability in response to diet and provide new insights into the gut microbial ecology.展开更多
Heat stress has multiple potential effects on the brain,such as neuroinflammation,neurogenesis defects,and cog-nitive impairment.β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)has been demonstrated to play neuroprotective roles in vario...Heat stress has multiple potential effects on the brain,such as neuroinflammation,neurogenesis defects,and cog-nitive impairment.β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)has been demonstrated to play neuroprotective roles in various models of neurological diseases.In the present study,we investigated the efficacy of BHBA in alleviating heat stress-induced impairments of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function,as well as the underlying mecha-nisms.Mice were exposed to 43℃for 15 min for 14 days after administration with saline,BHBA,or minocycline.Here,we showed for the first time that BHBA normalized memory ability in the heat stress-treated mice and attenuated heat stress-impaired hippocampal neurogenesis.Consistently,BHBA noticeably improved the synaptic plasticity in the heat stress-treated hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the decrease of synapse-associated proteins and the density of dendritic spines.Moreover,BHBA inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-3 by suppressing endoplasmic reticu-lum(ER)stress,and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the heat stress-treated hippocampus by activating the protein kinase B(Akt)/cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)and methyl-CpG binding protein 2(MeCP2)pathways.These findings indicate that BHBA is a potential agent for improving cogni-tive functions in heat stress-treated mice.The action may be mediated by ER stress,and Akt-CREB-BDNF and MeCP2 pathways to improve adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.展开更多
基金the Key Project of Scientific Research of Ministry of Education, No.106153
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role in learning and memory. However, studies have not determined whether the superior cervical ganglion or the sympathetic nerve system influences hippocampal neurogenesis or learning and memory in adult rats. OBJECTIVE： To observe differences in dentate gyrus neurogenesis, as well as learning and memory, in adult rats following superior cervical ganglionectomy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of the School of Life Sciences in Lanzhou University from July 2006 to July 2007. MATERIALS： Doublecortin polyclonal antibody was provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA; avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was purchased from Zhongshan Goldenbride Biotechnology, China; Morris water maze was bought from Taimeng Technology, China. METHODS： A total of 20 adult, male, Wistar rats were randomly divided into surgery and control groups, with 10 rats in each group. In the surgery group, the bilateral superior cervical ganglions were transected. In the control group, the superior cervical ganglions were only exposed, but no ganglionectomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： To examine distribution, morphology, and number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus using doublecortin immunohistochemistry at 36 days following surgical procedures. To examine ability of learning and memory in adult rats using the Morris water maze at 30 days following surgical procedures. RESULTS： Doublecortin immunohistochemical results showed that a reduction in the number of doublecortin-positive neurons in the surgery group compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）, while the distribution of doublecortin-positive neurons was identical in the two groups. The surgery group exhibited significantly worse performance in learning and spatial memory tasks compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Superior cervical ganglienectomy inhibited neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and decreased learning and memory abilities in adult rats.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82102411,82260403,32370195)The Clinical Research Nurture Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University(grant number YFYLCYJPY202201)+2 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82160553)Jiangxi Science and Technology Cooperation Project(20244BDF60008)Science and Technology Program of Health Commission of Jiangxi Province(No.202510292).
文摘Background:Elizabethkingia infections have become life-threatening hospital-acquired infections worldwide,marked by rising morbidity,multidrug resistance,and poor prognoses.However,information on the epidemio-logical and clinical characteristics of Elizabethkingia infections in China's mainland is limited.This study aimed to analyze the molecular and clinical characteristics,and drug susceptibility of clinical Elizabethkingia isolates from a hospital in Jiangxi Province,China.Methods:A total of 103 Elizabethkingia isolates,identified by conventional methods,were collected from patients at a university-affiliated hospital in 2022 and 2023.Species identification was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The feasibility of the Vitek MS was also evaluated.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing,resistance gene identification,and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were performed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 61 years(excluding one 13-day-old infant)and 75.3% were men.In total,86.4% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit were infected with Elizabethkingia.COVID-19,respiratory disease,and ICU admission were significantly different between the surviving and dying groups(p<0.05).Sequencing of 103 isolates identified 92 strains of Elizabethkingia anophelis,eight strains of Eliza-bethkingia meningoseptica,two strains of Elizabethkingia bruuniana,and one strain of Elizabethkingia ursingii.The Vitek MS had a correct identification rate of 87% for Elizabethkingia anophelis.More than 90% of the Eliza-bethkingia isolates were susceptible to minocycline,but resistant to other drugs,including ceftazidime,aztre-onam,and imipenem.Resistance genotype analysis showed that blaBlaB and blaCME were highly prevalent in the Elizabethkingia isolates.Molecular typing revealed 29 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types with clonal transmission between wards.Conclusions:Multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia is being increasingly detected.Therefore,a larger database is re-quired for Elizabethkingia strain identification.This database could be beneficial for the subsequent determination of optimal antimicrobial drugs for treating infections caused by various Elizabethkingia strains.Our pulsed-field gel electrophoresis model showed that most Elizabethkingia isolates exhibit sufficient genetic diversity and clonal transmission.Therefore,adequate attention should be directed towards this pathogen.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272967).
文摘Heat stress(HS)can cause a series of stress responses,resulting in numerous negative effects on the body,such as the diminished food intake,carcass quality and reproductive capacity.In addition to the negative effects on the peripheral system,HS leads to central nervous system(CNS)disorders given its toll on neuroinflammation.This neuroinflammatory process is mainly mediated by microglia and astrocytes,which are involved in the activation of glial cells and the secretion of cytokines.While the regulation of inflammatory signaling has a close relationship with the expression of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70),HS-induced neuroinflammation is closely related to the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Moreover,oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress are key players in the development of neuroinflammation.Chromium(Cr)has been widely shown to have neuroprotective effects in both humans and animals,despite the lack of mechanistic evidence.Evidence has shown that Cr supplementation can increase the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1),a major neurotrophic factor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.This review highlights recent advances in the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of Cr-mediated IGF-1 actions on HS-induced neuroinflammation,providing presently existing evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of Cr.
基金financially supported by Key Research&Development projects of Shaanxi Province(No.2019ZDXM3-02 to Shanting Zhao and Xuejun Chai)Foundation for top talent recruitment of Xi’an Medical College(No.2018RCYJ04 to Xuejun Chai)+1 种基金“Tianfu Scholar”distinguished expert program of Sichuan Province(No.2020-120 to Shanting Zhao)16th Eucommia Research Grant from Eucommia ulmoides Research Association of Japan(2020 to Shanting Zhao).
文摘Stability is a fundamental ecological property of the gut microbiota and is associated with host health.Numerous studies have shown that unbalanced dietary components disturb the gut microbial composition and thereby contribute to the onset and progression of disease.However,the impact of unbalanced diets on the stability of the gut microbiota is poorly understood.In the present study,four-week-old mice were fed a plant-based diet high in refined carbohydrates or a high-fat diet for four weeks to simulate a persistent unbalanced diet.We found that persistent unbalanced diets significantly reduced the gut bacterial richness and increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks.Furthermore,the gut bacterial response to unbalanced diets was phylogenetically conserved,which reduced network modularity and enhanced the proportion of positive associations between community taxon,thereby amplifying the co-oscillation of perturbations among community species to destabilize gut microbial communities.The disturbance test revealed that the gut microbiota of mice fed with unbalanced diets was less resistant to antibiotic perturbation and pathogenic bacteria invasion.This study may fill a gap in the mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiota stability in response to diet and provide new insights into the gut microbial ecology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272967)Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(No.2021NY-021)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFE0127000)Shaanxi Provincial Regional Innovation Capability Guiding Plan Project(No.2020QFY10-04).
文摘Heat stress has multiple potential effects on the brain,such as neuroinflammation,neurogenesis defects,and cog-nitive impairment.β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)has been demonstrated to play neuroprotective roles in various models of neurological diseases.In the present study,we investigated the efficacy of BHBA in alleviating heat stress-induced impairments of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function,as well as the underlying mecha-nisms.Mice were exposed to 43℃for 15 min for 14 days after administration with saline,BHBA,or minocycline.Here,we showed for the first time that BHBA normalized memory ability in the heat stress-treated mice and attenuated heat stress-impaired hippocampal neurogenesis.Consistently,BHBA noticeably improved the synaptic plasticity in the heat stress-treated hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the decrease of synapse-associated proteins and the density of dendritic spines.Moreover,BHBA inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-3 by suppressing endoplasmic reticu-lum(ER)stress,and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the heat stress-treated hippocampus by activating the protein kinase B(Akt)/cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)and methyl-CpG binding protein 2(MeCP2)pathways.These findings indicate that BHBA is a potential agent for improving cogni-tive functions in heat stress-treated mice.The action may be mediated by ER stress,and Akt-CREB-BDNF and MeCP2 pathways to improve adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
