Piezo-photocatalysis is an emerging photocatalytic technology in which the piezoelectric electric field drives photogenerated carriers to separate,thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.Herein,s...Piezo-photocatalysis is an emerging photocatalytic technology in which the piezoelectric electric field drives photogenerated carriers to separate,thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.Herein,solid phase and one-step molten salt processes were used to prepare SrBi_(2)Nb_(2)O_(9)(SBN)powders with granular and sheet morphologies,respectively.The influence of micromorphology on the piezo-photocatalytic performances of SBN was determined by degrading ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CIP).SBN nanosheets demonstrate remarkable piezo-photocatalytic performance,achieving an 89.13%CIP degradation rate in 60 min and an apparent rate constant of 34.73×10^(-3) min^(-1).This performance is approximately 2.65 times higher than that of granular SBN and outperformed many recently reported piezo-photocatalysts under similar experimental conditions.Free radical trapping techniques,electron spin resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are utilized to study the potential paths and mechanisms of CIP degradation.Piezoresponse force microscopy and finite element simulation show that the piezo-response of SBN nanosheets is significantly higher than that of granular SBN.SBN nanosheets achieve high degradation efficiency due to their optimized conduction band positions and enhanced piezoelectric effect,facilitated by the two-dimensional nanosheet structures.In this work,the piezoelectric internal electric field of piezoelectric catalysts can be increased by tuning the catalyst morphology,which points to a possible direction for the production of high-performance piezoelectric catalysts.展开更多
Coastal marshes are transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.They are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic activities.In recent decades,the reclamation of coastal marshes has greatly incr...Coastal marshes are transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.They are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic activities.In recent decades,the reclamation of coastal marshes has greatly increased,and its effects on microbial communities in coastal marshes have been studied with great interest.Most of these studies have explained the short-term spatiotemporal variation in soil microbial community dynamics.However,the impact of reclamation on the community composition and assembly processes of functional microbes(e.g.,ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes)is often ignored.In this study,using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the Ion S5™XL sequencing platform,we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics,assembly processes,and diversity patterns of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in 1000-year-old reclaimed coastal salt marshes.The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and composition of ammonia oxidizers showed apparent spatiotemporal variations with soil reclamation.Phylogenetic null modelling-based analysis showed that across all sites,the archaeal ammonia-oxidizing community was assembled by a deterministic process(84.71%),and deterministic processes were also dominant(55.2%)for ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities except for communities at 60 years of reclamation.The assembly process and nitrification activity in reclaimed soils were positively correlated.The abundance of the amoA gene and changes in ammonia-oxidizing archaeal and bacterial diversities significantly affected the nitrification activity in reclaimed soils.These findings suggest that long-term coastal salt marsh reclamation affects nitrification by modulating the activities of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and regulating their community structures and assembly processes.These results provide a better understanding of the effects of long-term land reclamation on soil nitrogen-cycling microbial communities.展开更多
We report a hydrothermal route to remove interstitial excess Fe in non-superconducting iron chalcogenide Fe_(1+δ)Se_(1-x)Te_(x) single crystals.The extra-Fe-free(δ~0)FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8) single crystal thus obtained s...We report a hydrothermal route to remove interstitial excess Fe in non-superconducting iron chalcogenide Fe_(1+δ)Se_(1-x)Te_(x) single crystals.The extra-Fe-free(δ~0)FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8) single crystal thus obtained shows bulk superconductivity at T_c~13.8 K,which is about 2 K higher than the FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8) sample obtained by usual postannealing process.The upper critical fieldμ_0H_(c2) is estimated to be~42.5 T,similar to the annealed FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8).It is surprising to find that the hydrothermal FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8)exhibits a remarkably small isothermal magnetization hysteresis loop at T=3 K.This yields an extremely low critical current density J_(c)~1.1×10^(2)A·cm^(-2)(over 100times smaller than the annealed FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8)) and indicates more free vortices in the hydrothermal FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8).展开更多
Regulatory T cells(Tregs) play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but they also play a negative role in evoking effective antitumour immune responses. There is ample evidence indic...Regulatory T cells(Tregs) play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but they also play a negative role in evoking effective antitumour immune responses. There is ample evidence indicating that the depletion of Tregs or the inhibition of Treg function will enhance antitumour effects. However, it is unclear which surface molecules of Tregs are suitable targets for tumour immunotherapy with minimal toxic side effects, which is a central theme in the field of Treg-targeted immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the tumour microenvironment, and we address potential drug targets on Tregs for immunotherapy.展开更多
Loss of the colonic inner mucus layer leads to spontaneously severe colitis and colorectal cancer.However,key host factors that may control the generation of the inner mucus layer are rarely reported.Here,we identify ...Loss of the colonic inner mucus layer leads to spontaneously severe colitis and colorectal cancer.However,key host factors that may control the generation of the inner mucus layer are rarely reported.Here,we identify a novel function of TRIM34 in goblet cells(GCs)in controlling inner mucus layer generation.Upon DSS treatment,TRIM34 deficiency led to a reduction in Muc2 secretion by GCs and subsequent defects in the inner mucus layer.This outcome rendered TRIM34-deficient mice more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that TRIM34 controlled TLR signaling-induced Nox/Duox-dependent ROS synthesis,thereby promoting the compound exocytosis of Muc2 by colonic GCs that were exposed to bacterial TLR ligands.Clinical analysis revealed that TRIM34 levels in patient samples were correlated with the outcome of ulcerative colitis(UC)and the prognosis of rectal adenocarcinoma.This study indicates that TRIM34 expression in GCs plays an essential role in generating the inner mucus layer and preventing excessive colon inflammation and tumorigenesis.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272057)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515012129)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(202002030420).
文摘Piezo-photocatalysis is an emerging photocatalytic technology in which the piezoelectric electric field drives photogenerated carriers to separate,thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.Herein,solid phase and one-step molten salt processes were used to prepare SrBi_(2)Nb_(2)O_(9)(SBN)powders with granular and sheet morphologies,respectively.The influence of micromorphology on the piezo-photocatalytic performances of SBN was determined by degrading ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CIP).SBN nanosheets demonstrate remarkable piezo-photocatalytic performance,achieving an 89.13%CIP degradation rate in 60 min and an apparent rate constant of 34.73×10^(-3) min^(-1).This performance is approximately 2.65 times higher than that of granular SBN and outperformed many recently reported piezo-photocatalysts under similar experimental conditions.Free radical trapping techniques,electron spin resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are utilized to study the potential paths and mechanisms of CIP degradation.Piezoresponse force microscopy and finite element simulation show that the piezo-response of SBN nanosheets is significantly higher than that of granular SBN.SBN nanosheets achieve high degradation efficiency due to their optimized conduction band positions and enhanced piezoelectric effect,facilitated by the two-dimensional nanosheet structures.In this work,the piezoelectric internal electric field of piezoelectric catalysts can be increased by tuning the catalyst morphology,which points to a possible direction for the production of high-performance piezoelectric catalysts.
基金financially supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau,China (Nos.2021S018 and 2022Z169)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42077026)
文摘Coastal marshes are transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.They are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic activities.In recent decades,the reclamation of coastal marshes has greatly increased,and its effects on microbial communities in coastal marshes have been studied with great interest.Most of these studies have explained the short-term spatiotemporal variation in soil microbial community dynamics.However,the impact of reclamation on the community composition and assembly processes of functional microbes(e.g.,ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes)is often ignored.In this study,using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the Ion S5™XL sequencing platform,we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics,assembly processes,and diversity patterns of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in 1000-year-old reclaimed coastal salt marshes.The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and composition of ammonia oxidizers showed apparent spatiotemporal variations with soil reclamation.Phylogenetic null modelling-based analysis showed that across all sites,the archaeal ammonia-oxidizing community was assembled by a deterministic process(84.71%),and deterministic processes were also dominant(55.2%)for ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities except for communities at 60 years of reclamation.The assembly process and nitrification activity in reclaimed soils were positively correlated.The abundance of the amoA gene and changes in ammonia-oxidizing archaeal and bacterial diversities significantly affected the nitrification activity in reclaimed soils.These findings suggest that long-term coastal salt marsh reclamation affects nitrification by modulating the activities of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and regulating their community structures and assembly processes.These results provide a better understanding of the effects of long-term land reclamation on soil nitrogen-cycling microbial communities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12061131005,11974019,11834016,and 11888101)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403900)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB33010200 and XDB25000000)the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Youth Innovation Promotion Association(Grant No.2022YSBR-048)。
文摘We report a hydrothermal route to remove interstitial excess Fe in non-superconducting iron chalcogenide Fe_(1+δ)Se_(1-x)Te_(x) single crystals.The extra-Fe-free(δ~0)FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8) single crystal thus obtained shows bulk superconductivity at T_c~13.8 K,which is about 2 K higher than the FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8) sample obtained by usual postannealing process.The upper critical fieldμ_0H_(c2) is estimated to be~42.5 T,similar to the annealed FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8).It is surprising to find that the hydrothermal FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8)exhibits a remarkably small isothermal magnetization hysteresis loop at T=3 K.This yields an extremely low critical current density J_(c)~1.1×10^(2)A·cm^(-2)(over 100times smaller than the annealed FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8)) and indicates more free vortices in the hydrothermal FeSe_(0.2)Te_(0.8).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0507402)
文摘Regulatory T cells(Tregs) play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but they also play a negative role in evoking effective antitumour immune responses. There is ample evidence indicating that the depletion of Tregs or the inhibition of Treg function will enhance antitumour effects. However, it is unclear which surface molecules of Tregs are suitable targets for tumour immunotherapy with minimal toxic side effects, which is a central theme in the field of Treg-targeted immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the tumour microenvironment, and we address potential drug targets on Tregs for immunotherapy.
基金We thank Dangsheng Li for critical suggestions.We are grateful to Guomei Lin for breeding the animals and Li Li for animal management.We also acknowledge the individuals involved in technical support at the Core Facility for Cell Biology and the Animal Core Facility.This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0507402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31230024)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81761128009 and 81630016).
文摘Loss of the colonic inner mucus layer leads to spontaneously severe colitis and colorectal cancer.However,key host factors that may control the generation of the inner mucus layer are rarely reported.Here,we identify a novel function of TRIM34 in goblet cells(GCs)in controlling inner mucus layer generation.Upon DSS treatment,TRIM34 deficiency led to a reduction in Muc2 secretion by GCs and subsequent defects in the inner mucus layer.This outcome rendered TRIM34-deficient mice more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that TRIM34 controlled TLR signaling-induced Nox/Duox-dependent ROS synthesis,thereby promoting the compound exocytosis of Muc2 by colonic GCs that were exposed to bacterial TLR ligands.Clinical analysis revealed that TRIM34 levels in patient samples were correlated with the outcome of ulcerative colitis(UC)and the prognosis of rectal adenocarcinoma.This study indicates that TRIM34 expression in GCs plays an essential role in generating the inner mucus layer and preventing excessive colon inflammation and tumorigenesis.
