The tensile strain in inorganic perovskite films induced by thermal annealing is one of the primary factors contributing to the inefficiency and instability of inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs),which reduces the...The tensile strain in inorganic perovskite films induced by thermal annealing is one of the primary factors contributing to the inefficiency and instability of inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs),which reduces the defect formation energy.Here,a flexible molecule 5-maleimidovaleric acid(5-MVA)was introduced as a strain buffer to release the residual strain of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15)perovskite.Maleic anhydride and carboxyl groups in 5-MVA interact strongly with the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)through Lewis acid-base reaction,thus tightly“pull”the perovskite lattice.The in-between soft carbon chain increased the structural flexibility of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15)perovskite materials,which effectively relieved the intrinsic internal strain of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15),resisted the corrosion of external strain,and also reduced the formation of defects such as VIand Pb0.In addition,the introduction of 5-MVA improved crystal quality,passivated residual defects,and narrowed energy level barriers.Eventually,power conversion efficiency(PCE)of NiOxbased inverted IPSCs increased from 19.25%to 20.82%with the open-circuit voltage enhanced from 1.164 V to 1.230 V.The release of strain also improved the stability of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15)perovskite films and devices.展开更多
The host intestinal microbiota has emerged as the third element in the interactions between hosts and enteric viruses,and potentially affects the infection processes of enteric viruses.However,the interaction of porci...The host intestinal microbiota has emerged as the third element in the interactions between hosts and enteric viruses,and potentially affects the infection processes of enteric viruses.However,the interaction of porcine enteric coronavirus with intestinal microorganisms during infection remains unclear.In this study,we used 16S-rRNA-based Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing to identify the changes in the intestinal microbiota of piglets mediated by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection and the effects of the alterations in intestinal bacteria on PEDV infection and its molecular mechanisms.The intestinal microbiota of PEDV-infected piglets had significantly less diversity than the healthy group and different bacterial community characteristics.Among the altered intestinal bacteria,the relative abundance of Clostridium perfringens was significantly increased in the PEDV-infected group.A strain of C.perfringens type A,named DQ21,was successfully isolated from the intestines of healthy piglets.The metabolites of swine C.perfringens type A strain DQ21 significantly enhanced PEDV replication in porcine intestinal epithelial cell clone J2(IPEC-J2)cells,and PEDV infection and pathogenicity in suckling piglets.Palmitic acid(PA)was identified as one of those metabolites with metabolomic technology,and significantly enhanced PEDV replication in IPEC-J2 cells and PEDV infection and pathogenicity in suckling piglets.PA also increased the neutralizing antibody titer in the immune sera of mice.Furthermore,PA mediated the palmitoylation of the PEDV S protein,which improved virion stability and membrane fusion,thereby enhancing viral infection.Overall,our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of PEDV infection,with implications for PEDV pathogenicity.展开更多
Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly...Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly to keep a safe environment. In the present study, a new atrazine-degrading strain ZXY-1, identified as Pseudomonas, was isolated. This new isolated strain has a strong ability to biodegrade atrazine with a high efficiency of 9.09 mg/L/hr.Temperature, p H, inoculum size and initial atrazine concentration were examined to further optimize the degradation of atrazine, and the synthetic effect of these factors were investigated by the response surface methodology. With a high quadratic polynomial mathematical model（R^2= 0.9821） being obtained, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 19.03 mg/L/hr was reached compared to previous reports under the optimal conditions（30.71°C, pH 7.14, 4.23%（V/V） inoculum size and 157.1 mg/L initial atrazine concentration）.Overall, this study provided an efficient bacterium and approach that could be potentially useful for the bioremediation of wastewater containing atrazine.展开更多
The endangered Vatica mangachapoi,a longlived,tropical tree with economic and ecological importance found in Hainan,China,was used to assess the hypothesis that historical human activities in Hainan’s tropical rain f...The endangered Vatica mangachapoi,a longlived,tropical tree with economic and ecological importance found in Hainan,China,was used to assess the hypothesis that historical human activities in Hainan’s tropical rain forest could have negative effects on the genetic diversity of V.mangachapoi.Three hundred and twenty individuals from 11 natural populations—which were classified into three groups according to levels of disturbance—were sampled and analyzed with ISSRmarkers.Although genetic diversity of V.mangachapoi is high at the species level,it is relatively low within populations.A significant genetic differentiation occurs among different disturbance levels.Significant isolation-by-distance indicated relevant historical anthropogenic changes.Our findings showed that historical human disturbances significantly increase the genetic differentiation and slightly decrease the genetic diversity of long-lived tree V.mangachapoi.Relevant targeting conservation actions were recommended.展开更多
Plant roots meticulously select and attract particular microbial taxa from the surrounding bulk soil,thereby establishing a specialized and functionally diverse microbial community within the rhizosphere.Rhizosphere m...Plant roots meticulously select and attract particular microbial taxa from the surrounding bulk soil,thereby establishing a specialized and functionally diverse microbial community within the rhizosphere.Rhizosphere metabolites,including root exudates and microbial metabolites,function as both signals and nutrients that govern the assembly of the rhizosphere microbiome,playing crucial roles in mediating communications between plants and microbes.The environment and their feedback loops further influence these intricate interactions.However,whether and how specific metabolites shape plant-microbe interactions and facilitate diverse functions remains obscure.This review summarizes the current progress in plant-microbe communications mediated by chemical compounds and their functions in plant fitness and ecosystem functioning.Additionally,we raise some prospects on future directions for manipulating metabolite-mediated plantmicrobe interactions to enhance crop productivity and health.Unveiling the biological roles of specific metabolites produced by plants and microbes will bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications.展开更多
Adjuvants as essential ingredients amplify the magnitude and durability of immune responses in various vaccine strategies.Polysaccharides with potent immunoenhancing effects are widely applied as promising vaccine adj...Adjuvants as essential ingredients amplify the magnitude and durability of immune responses in various vaccine strategies.Polysaccharides with potent immunoenhancing effects are widely applied as promising vaccine adjuvants,however,they have rarely been licensed for use in human vaccines due to the limitation of their efficacy and safety.Moreover,nanoparticles not only act as antigen drug delivery vectors but also possess intrinsic adjuvant functions,revealing the dual effects of nanoparticles in augmenting antigen-specific immune responses.Intriguingly,nanoparticle forms can enhance the immunostimulatory potency of polysaccharide adjuvants,since polysaccharide nanoparticles exert more excellent adjuvant effects than polysaccharides in initiating humoral,cellular and mucosal immune responses.Emerging evidence has also suggested that multiple immune-related signaling pathways including cGASeSTING,NLRP3,TLRs,cell death or metabolism signaling probably participate in the immunomodulation of polysaccharide nanoparticles,but systemic investigations into the adjuvant mechanism are still inadequate.This review aims to give an updated summary and discussion on the adjuvant function and mechanism of polysaccharide nanoparticles for understanding their superior adjuvant property and effectively utilizing them as potent immune adjuvants in vaccine development.展开更多
Over recent decades, many studies have reported that hypocrellin A(HA) can eliminate cancer cells with proper irradiation in several cancer cell lines. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its anticance...Over recent decades, many studies have reported that hypocrellin A(HA) can eliminate cancer cells with proper irradiation in several cancer cell lines. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its anticancer effect has not been fully defined. HA-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were evaluated after photodynamic therapy(PDT). A temporal quantitative proteomics approach by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) 2 D liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric(LC–MS/MS) was introduced to help clarify molecular cytotoxic mechanisms and identify candidate targets of HA-induced apoptotic cell death. Specific caspaseinhibitors were used to further elucidate the molecular pathway underlying apoptosis in PDT-treated A549 cells. Finally, down-stream apoptosis-related protein was evaluated. Apoptosis induced by HA was associated with cell shrinkage, externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation,and mitochondrial disruption, which were preceded by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) generations. Further studies showed that PDT treatment with 0.08 mmol/L HA resulted in mitochondrial disruption, pronounced release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3,-9, and-7.Together, HA may be a possible therapeutic agent directed toward mitochondria and a promising photodynamic anticancer candidate for further evaluation.展开更多
Invasive plants are a major threat to biodiversity and may adversely affect food security.Clonal integration enables the sharing of resources between connected ramets and can enhance plant performance in many invasive...Invasive plants are a major threat to biodiversity and may adversely affect food security.Clonal integration enables the sharing of resources between connected ramets and can enhance plant performance in many invasive species.However,few studies have examined the role of clonal integration when weeds are exposed to plant growth regulators(PGRs).PGRs are used extensively in agriculture and may affect nearby weeds through soil leaching,erosion and runoff.Our aim was to investigate the effects of clonal integration on growth in a noxious weed,Alternanthera philoxeroides(alligator weed),in response to two PGRs frequently used in agriculture,gibberellins(GAs)and paclobutrazol(PAC).Ramets of A.philoxeroides were propagated in the greenhouse,and treated with PGRs.PGRs were applied to the older ramets(i.e.‘basal’part),with half of the plants having the stems between the apical(younger)and basal parts left connected,while the remaining plants had the stems between the two parts severed.Following the growing period,plants were measured for growth traits.We found that GA and PAC had contrasting effects on plant growth.GA significantly promoted above-ground growth of the apical ramets via clonal integration.Alternatively,PAC inhibited above-ground growth in the basal and apical parts,and enhanced below-ground growth of the basal and apical ramets through clonal integration.Our results highlight how clonal integration can promote growth in A.philoxeroides following the application of PGRs,which is likely an important mechanism for this species to invade new environments.展开更多
Dear Editor,In the＂big data era＂,the amount of digital information is growing explosively,therefore,a reliable data storage medium for large-scale digital archiving is urgently needed.However,the increase of existin...Dear Editor,In the＂big data era＂,the amount of digital information is growing explosively,therefore,a reliable data storage medium for large-scale digital archiving is urgently needed.However,the increase of existing storage capacity cannot keep up with the growth of digital information.Moreover,the durability of conventional storage teclanologles, sucn as magnetic and optical devices, is very limited. Since the first demonstration of using DNA to store messages in 1988, DNA has been considered as a promising data storage medium due to its high-density and long-term stability （half-life〉500years） （Allentoft et al., 2012）.展开更多
基金financial support of National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB04200302)joint funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62104115)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2072)Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation of Higher Education of China(Grant No.B16027)Key R&D Program of Hebei Province(No.19214301D)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(No.202302A0370009)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University。
文摘The tensile strain in inorganic perovskite films induced by thermal annealing is one of the primary factors contributing to the inefficiency and instability of inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs),which reduces the defect formation energy.Here,a flexible molecule 5-maleimidovaleric acid(5-MVA)was introduced as a strain buffer to release the residual strain of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15)perovskite.Maleic anhydride and carboxyl groups in 5-MVA interact strongly with the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)through Lewis acid-base reaction,thus tightly“pull”the perovskite lattice.The in-between soft carbon chain increased the structural flexibility of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15)perovskite materials,which effectively relieved the intrinsic internal strain of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15),resisted the corrosion of external strain,and also reduced the formation of defects such as VIand Pb0.In addition,the introduction of 5-MVA improved crystal quality,passivated residual defects,and narrowed energy level barriers.Eventually,power conversion efficiency(PCE)of NiOxbased inverted IPSCs increased from 19.25%to 20.82%with the open-circuit voltage enhanced from 1.164 V to 1.230 V.The release of strain also improved the stability of CsPbI_(2.85)Br_(0.15)perovskite films and devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20236)the Key Research and Development Program,Guidance Projects of Heilongjiang Province,China(GZ20220029)。
文摘The host intestinal microbiota has emerged as the third element in the interactions between hosts and enteric viruses,and potentially affects the infection processes of enteric viruses.However,the interaction of porcine enteric coronavirus with intestinal microorganisms during infection remains unclear.In this study,we used 16S-rRNA-based Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing to identify the changes in the intestinal microbiota of piglets mediated by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection and the effects of the alterations in intestinal bacteria on PEDV infection and its molecular mechanisms.The intestinal microbiota of PEDV-infected piglets had significantly less diversity than the healthy group and different bacterial community characteristics.Among the altered intestinal bacteria,the relative abundance of Clostridium perfringens was significantly increased in the PEDV-infected group.A strain of C.perfringens type A,named DQ21,was successfully isolated from the intestines of healthy piglets.The metabolites of swine C.perfringens type A strain DQ21 significantly enhanced PEDV replication in porcine intestinal epithelial cell clone J2(IPEC-J2)cells,and PEDV infection and pathogenicity in suckling piglets.Palmitic acid(PA)was identified as one of those metabolites with metabolomic technology,and significantly enhanced PEDV replication in IPEC-J2 cells and PEDV infection and pathogenicity in suckling piglets.PA also increased the neutralizing antibody titer in the immune sera of mice.Furthermore,PA mediated the palmitoylation of the PEDV S protein,which improved virion stability and membrane fusion,thereby enhancing viral infection.Overall,our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of PEDV infection,with implications for PEDV pathogenicity.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2012ZX07212001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31570505)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.2014TS05)
文摘Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly to keep a safe environment. In the present study, a new atrazine-degrading strain ZXY-1, identified as Pseudomonas, was isolated. This new isolated strain has a strong ability to biodegrade atrazine with a high efficiency of 9.09 mg/L/hr.Temperature, p H, inoculum size and initial atrazine concentration were examined to further optimize the degradation of atrazine, and the synthetic effect of these factors were investigated by the response surface methodology. With a high quadratic polynomial mathematical model（R^2= 0.9821） being obtained, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 19.03 mg/L/hr was reached compared to previous reports under the optimal conditions（30.71°C, pH 7.14, 4.23%（V/V） inoculum size and 157.1 mg/L initial atrazine concentration）.Overall, this study provided an efficient bacterium and approach that could be potentially useful for the bioremediation of wastewater containing atrazine.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31170386,31300403)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK20150503,BK20150504)+4 种基金Jiangsu University Research Foundation for Advanced Talents(14JDG010,15JDG032)the Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education of Jiangsu(14KJB610005)the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(1501028B)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment
文摘The endangered Vatica mangachapoi,a longlived,tropical tree with economic and ecological importance found in Hainan,China,was used to assess the hypothesis that historical human activities in Hainan’s tropical rain forest could have negative effects on the genetic diversity of V.mangachapoi.Three hundred and twenty individuals from 11 natural populations—which were classified into three groups according to levels of disturbance—were sampled and analyzed with ISSRmarkers.Although genetic diversity of V.mangachapoi is high at the species level,it is relatively low within populations.A significant genetic differentiation occurs among different disturbance levels.Significant isolation-by-distance indicated relevant historical anthropogenic changes.Our findings showed that historical human disturbances significantly increase the genetic differentiation and slightly decrease the genetic diversity of long-lived tree V.mangachapoi.Relevant targeting conservation actions were recommended.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1001800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32088102,32425001,32402382)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0630000)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation(NCI202248)HighLevel Talents project of Henan Agricultural University(111-30501301)。
文摘Plant roots meticulously select and attract particular microbial taxa from the surrounding bulk soil,thereby establishing a specialized and functionally diverse microbial community within the rhizosphere.Rhizosphere metabolites,including root exudates and microbial metabolites,function as both signals and nutrients that govern the assembly of the rhizosphere microbiome,playing crucial roles in mediating communications between plants and microbes.The environment and their feedback loops further influence these intricate interactions.However,whether and how specific metabolites shape plant-microbe interactions and facilitate diverse functions remains obscure.This review summarizes the current progress in plant-microbe communications mediated by chemical compounds and their functions in plant fitness and ecosystem functioning.Additionally,we raise some prospects on future directions for manipulating metabolite-mediated plantmicrobe interactions to enhance crop productivity and health.Unveiling the biological roles of specific metabolites produced by plants and microbes will bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003784)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0623,China)+1 种基金Chengdu Science and Technology Program(No.2024-YF05-00244-SN,China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2682024ZTPY007,China).
文摘Adjuvants as essential ingredients amplify the magnitude and durability of immune responses in various vaccine strategies.Polysaccharides with potent immunoenhancing effects are widely applied as promising vaccine adjuvants,however,they have rarely been licensed for use in human vaccines due to the limitation of their efficacy and safety.Moreover,nanoparticles not only act as antigen drug delivery vectors but also possess intrinsic adjuvant functions,revealing the dual effects of nanoparticles in augmenting antigen-specific immune responses.Intriguingly,nanoparticle forms can enhance the immunostimulatory potency of polysaccharide adjuvants,since polysaccharide nanoparticles exert more excellent adjuvant effects than polysaccharides in initiating humoral,cellular and mucosal immune responses.Emerging evidence has also suggested that multiple immune-related signaling pathways including cGASeSTING,NLRP3,TLRs,cell death or metabolism signaling probably participate in the immunomodulation of polysaccharide nanoparticles,but systemic investigations into the adjuvant mechanism are still inadequate.This review aims to give an updated summary and discussion on the adjuvant function and mechanism of polysaccharide nanoparticles for understanding their superior adjuvant property and effectively utilizing them as potent immune adjuvants in vaccine development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.81673214)The National Key Technology Research and National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Project No.2012BAD36B0502)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Educational Institutions(China)
文摘Over recent decades, many studies have reported that hypocrellin A(HA) can eliminate cancer cells with proper irradiation in several cancer cell lines. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its anticancer effect has not been fully defined. HA-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were evaluated after photodynamic therapy(PDT). A temporal quantitative proteomics approach by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) 2 D liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric(LC–MS/MS) was introduced to help clarify molecular cytotoxic mechanisms and identify candidate targets of HA-induced apoptotic cell death. Specific caspaseinhibitors were used to further elucidate the molecular pathway underlying apoptosis in PDT-treated A549 cells. Finally, down-stream apoptosis-related protein was evaluated. Apoptosis induced by HA was associated with cell shrinkage, externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation,and mitochondrial disruption, which were preceded by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) generations. Further studies showed that PDT treatment with 0.08 mmol/L HA resulted in mitochondrial disruption, pronounced release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3,-9, and-7.Together, HA may be a possible therapeutic agent directed toward mitochondria and a promising photodynamic anticancer candidate for further evaluation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171509,32071905,32071521,32001087)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK20211321)+2 种基金Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2021K160B)Jiangsu University Research Foundation(20JDG055)Part of the funding for this research was supported by Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Invasive plants are a major threat to biodiversity and may adversely affect food security.Clonal integration enables the sharing of resources between connected ramets and can enhance plant performance in many invasive species.However,few studies have examined the role of clonal integration when weeds are exposed to plant growth regulators(PGRs).PGRs are used extensively in agriculture and may affect nearby weeds through soil leaching,erosion and runoff.Our aim was to investigate the effects of clonal integration on growth in a noxious weed,Alternanthera philoxeroides(alligator weed),in response to two PGRs frequently used in agriculture,gibberellins(GAs)and paclobutrazol(PAC).Ramets of A.philoxeroides were propagated in the greenhouse,and treated with PGRs.PGRs were applied to the older ramets(i.e.‘basal’part),with half of the plants having the stems between the apical(younger)and basal parts left connected,while the remaining plants had the stems between the two parts severed.Following the growing period,plants were measured for growth traits.We found that GA and PAC had contrasting effects on plant growth.GA significantly promoted above-ground growth of the apical ramets via clonal integration.Alternatively,PAC inhibited above-ground growth in the basal and apical parts,and enhanced below-ground growth of the basal and apical ramets through clonal integration.Our results highlight how clonal integration can promote growth in A.philoxeroides following the application of PGRs,which is likely an important mechanism for this species to invade new environments.
基金supported by the Suzhou Science and Technology Project and Fund for Young Scientists of Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu
文摘Dear Editor,In the＂big data era＂,the amount of digital information is growing explosively,therefore,a reliable data storage medium for large-scale digital archiving is urgently needed.However,the increase of existing storage capacity cannot keep up with the growth of digital information.Moreover,the durability of conventional storage teclanologles, sucn as magnetic and optical devices, is very limited. Since the first demonstration of using DNA to store messages in 1988, DNA has been considered as a promising data storage medium due to its high-density and long-term stability （half-life〉500years） （Allentoft et al., 2012）.
