The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this...The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this research,a novel surfactant,tri-triethanolamine monosunflower ester,was synthesized in the laboratory by extracting fatty acids present in sunflower（Helianthus annuus）oil.Synthesized surfactant was used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions of a heavy crude oil from the western oil field of India.After emulsification,a dramatic decrease in pour point as well as viscosity was observed.All the prepared emulsions were found to be flowing even at 1°C.The emulsion developed with 60%oil content and 2wt%surfactant showed a decrease in viscosity of 96%.The stability of the emulsion was investigated at different temperatures,and it was found to be highly stable.The effectiveness of surfactant in emulsifying the heavy oil in water was investigated by measuring the equilibrium interfacial tension（IFT）between the crude oil（diluted）and the aqueous phase along with zeta potential of emulsions.2wt%surfactant decreased IFT by almost nine times that of no surfactant.These results suggested that the synthesized surfactant may be used to prepare a stable oil-in-water emulsion for its transportation through offshore pipelines efficiently.展开更多
A. tortilis is commonly known as “Israeli babool”. The species is exposed to the world for its pods, gum and other aerial parts as fodder &feed for cattles. The plant was used as antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, an...A. tortilis is commonly known as “Israeli babool”. The species is exposed to the world for its pods, gum and other aerial parts as fodder &feed for cattles. The plant was used as antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, antiasthmatic and also had several other medicinal benefits but the seed oil was not explored to the extent of its real potential. Hence the study was carried out to characterize the seed for oil and analysis of fatty acid composition through GC for quality control and maintenance. Commercial indices of oil were also estimated. Extracted oil is rich in Linolenic acid (50.43%) and Linoleic acid (36.74%). Beside this palmitic, stearic and oleic acid are other fatty acids identified. MUFA, PUFA, SFA and omega-6/ omega-3 ratio were also found to be promising for its potentiality in edible and clinical uses. The investigation thus scopes the utility of oil and prospects the lesser known plant seed as alternative oil source of nutritional and therapeutic importance.展开更多
Monolithic integration of quantum emitters in nanoscale plasmonic circuitry requires low-loss plasmonic configurations capable of confining light well below the diffraction limit.We demonstrated on-chip remote excitat...Monolithic integration of quantum emitters in nanoscale plasmonic circuitry requires low-loss plasmonic configurations capable of confining light well below the diffraction limit.We demonstrated on-chip remote excitation of nanodiamond-embedded single quantum emitters by plasmonic modes of dielectric ridges atop colloidal silver crystals.The nanodiamonds were produced to incorporate single germanium-vacancy(GeV)centres,providing bright,spectrally narrow and stable single-photon sources suitable for highly integrated circuits.Using electron-beam lithography with hydrogen silsesquioxane(HSQ)resist,dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides(DLSPPWs)were fabricated on single crystalline silver plates to contain those of deposited nanodiamonds that are found to feature appropriate single GeV centres.The low-loss plasmonic configuration enabled the 532-nm pump laser light to propagate on-chip in the DLSPPW and reach to an embedded nanodiamond where a single GeV centre was incorporated.The remote GeV emitter was thereby excited and coupled to spatially confined DLSPPW modes with an outstanding figure-of-merit of 180 due to a~six-fold Purcell enhancement,~56%coupling efficiency and~33μm transmission length,thereby opening new avenues for the implementation of nanoscale functional quantum devices.展开更多
基金the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad for providing necessary laboratory facilities and financial support
文摘The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this research,a novel surfactant,tri-triethanolamine monosunflower ester,was synthesized in the laboratory by extracting fatty acids present in sunflower（Helianthus annuus）oil.Synthesized surfactant was used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions of a heavy crude oil from the western oil field of India.After emulsification,a dramatic decrease in pour point as well as viscosity was observed.All the prepared emulsions were found to be flowing even at 1°C.The emulsion developed with 60%oil content and 2wt%surfactant showed a decrease in viscosity of 96%.The stability of the emulsion was investigated at different temperatures,and it was found to be highly stable.The effectiveness of surfactant in emulsifying the heavy oil in water was investigated by measuring the equilibrium interfacial tension（IFT）between the crude oil（diluted）and the aqueous phase along with zeta potential of emulsions.2wt%surfactant decreased IFT by almost nine times that of no surfactant.These results suggested that the synthesized surfactant may be used to prepare a stable oil-in-water emulsion for its transportation through offshore pipelines efficiently.
文摘A. tortilis is commonly known as “Israeli babool”. The species is exposed to the world for its pods, gum and other aerial parts as fodder &feed for cattles. The plant was used as antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, antiasthmatic and also had several other medicinal benefits but the seed oil was not explored to the extent of its real potential. Hence the study was carried out to characterize the seed for oil and analysis of fatty acid composition through GC for quality control and maintenance. Commercial indices of oil were also estimated. Extracted oil is rich in Linolenic acid (50.43%) and Linoleic acid (36.74%). Beside this palmitic, stearic and oleic acid are other fatty acids identified. MUFA, PUFA, SFA and omega-6/ omega-3 ratio were also found to be promising for its potentiality in edible and clinical uses. The investigation thus scopes the utility of oil and prospects the lesser known plant seed as alternative oil source of nutritional and therapeutic importance.
基金supported by the European Research Council(ERC),Advanced Grant 341054(PLAQNAP)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Grant No.18-03-00936)for financial support.
文摘Monolithic integration of quantum emitters in nanoscale plasmonic circuitry requires low-loss plasmonic configurations capable of confining light well below the diffraction limit.We demonstrated on-chip remote excitation of nanodiamond-embedded single quantum emitters by plasmonic modes of dielectric ridges atop colloidal silver crystals.The nanodiamonds were produced to incorporate single germanium-vacancy(GeV)centres,providing bright,spectrally narrow and stable single-photon sources suitable for highly integrated circuits.Using electron-beam lithography with hydrogen silsesquioxane(HSQ)resist,dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides(DLSPPWs)were fabricated on single crystalline silver plates to contain those of deposited nanodiamonds that are found to feature appropriate single GeV centres.The low-loss plasmonic configuration enabled the 532-nm pump laser light to propagate on-chip in the DLSPPW and reach to an embedded nanodiamond where a single GeV centre was incorporated.The remote GeV emitter was thereby excited and coupled to spatially confined DLSPPW modes with an outstanding figure-of-merit of 180 due to a~six-fold Purcell enhancement,~56%coupling efficiency and~33μm transmission length,thereby opening new avenues for the implementation of nanoscale functional quantum devices.
