Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in high-endemicity settings where latent TB infections (LTBI) contribute to ongoing transmission. Early identification and ma...Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in high-endemicity settings where latent TB infections (LTBI) contribute to ongoing transmission. Early identification and management of LTBI are crucial in limiting the spread of the disease. This study demonstrates the role of Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) as a screening tool for latent tuberculosis in high-burden region. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study assessed the detection of LTBI using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) test among 145 patients at the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2023 to August 2024. The study included patients suspected of TB, those screened before immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplantation, or kidney dialysis. Participants were tested IGRA using QFT-Plus, which detects interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Results and Discussion: Among 145 patients tested for the QFT-Gold Plus test, 55.17% (n = 80) were positive for LTBI, with a substantial agreement between TB1 and TB2 responses (p Conclusion: The results highlight that QFT-Plus may be utilized as a useful diagnostic screening tool for latent TB in regions with a high disease burden, though challenges related to cost and infrastructure persist. With growing global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis, focused screening and treatment of LTBI in high-risk groups could play a vital role in reducing the progression of TB. The study underscores the importance of targeted screening for LTBI to reduce the progression to active TB, particularly in resource-limited settings.展开更多
Host factors, environmental factors, genetic diversity and distinct phylogeographic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contribute to regional differences in drug resistance. Bangladesh remains among the ...Host factors, environmental factors, genetic diversity and distinct phylogeographic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contribute to regional differences in drug resistance. Bangladesh remains among the top 20 high Multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries of the world. This cross sectional study was conducted to identify the socio demographic characteristics and the risk factors contributing Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection. These characteristics and risk factors were further investigated among the clustered isolates. Total 60 culture isolates consist of 40 RR and 20 rifampicin sensitive (RS) isolates were enrolled in this study. Laboratory works were done in National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) and Department of Microbiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (B中央人民政府), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All 60 samples were confirmed as MTB by MPT 64 antigen detection. Two samples were excluded for possible cross contamination and two for failing to give PCR product for most of the locus. So, finally 56 samples were further analyzed for results. Four isolates were distributed within two clusters which were belonged to Beijing lineage. Socio demographic data and risk factors analysis of this study found significant male predominance (p = 0.04) with history of smoking (p = 0.01) and previous anti-TB treatment (p = 0.012) as the significant risk factors for RR TB.展开更多
Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing extended-spectrum cephalosporins, penicillins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycins and carbapenems. The ESBL-producing...Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing extended-spectrum cephalosporins, penicillins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycins and carbapenems. The ESBL-producing organisms are a breed of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem. Methods: A total of 75 ESBL-producing E. coli, were obtained from the tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh and were studied for susceptibility pattern from October, 2010 to December, 2011. These isolates were identified by double disc synergy test (DDST) and were confirmed phenotypically as ESBL-producer by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem among ESBL-producing E. coli were determined using agar dilution method. Results: Out of 75 DDST positive ESBL-producing E. coli, 71 (94.67%) were also positive by PCDDT. All ESBL-producing E. coli, were susceptible to imipenem. About 92.95% ESBL-producing E. coli were susceptible to amikacin but only 14.08% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: In this study, ESBL-producing E. coli, showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin. Imipenem and amikacin were most effective against ESBL positive strains.展开更多
The treatment of K.pneumoniae infections has become more difficult due to the emergence of multidrugresistant strains.This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns and detect different types of beta-l...The treatment of K.pneumoniae infections has become more difficult due to the emergence of multidrugresistant strains.This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns and detect different types of beta-lactamase genes among MDR and non-MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae in various clinical samples.A total of 150 Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified from different clinical samples by conventional microbiological procedures.Antibiotic sensitivity was detected by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Extended-spectrum betalactamase,Metallo-β-lactamase,and carbapenemase were phenotypically detected by double-disk synergy test,combined disk assay,and modified Hodge test.PCR also detected differentβlactamase genes and virulence genes.The majority of Klebsiella pneumoniae were multi-drug resistant(82%).The bacteria were found resistant to mostβ-lactam antibiotics,aminoglycosides,ciprofloxacin,cotrimoxazole,carbapenem,piperacillin,and tazobactam.However,only about 0.7%colistin resistance was observed.A double-disk synergy test was performed among the isolates for phenotypic detection of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.Only 16.6%of isolates were found to be ESBL producers.Amongβ-lactamase genes,NDM(23.34%),OXA-48(8%),and KPC(7.3%)were detected.Other prevalentβlactamase genes VIM and IMP were not detected.In summary,the prevalence of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae is high in Bangladesh,which may complicate the treatment of hospitalized patients.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in high-endemicity settings where latent TB infections (LTBI) contribute to ongoing transmission. Early identification and management of LTBI are crucial in limiting the spread of the disease. This study demonstrates the role of Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) as a screening tool for latent tuberculosis in high-burden region. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study assessed the detection of LTBI using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) test among 145 patients at the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2023 to August 2024. The study included patients suspected of TB, those screened before immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplantation, or kidney dialysis. Participants were tested IGRA using QFT-Plus, which detects interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Results and Discussion: Among 145 patients tested for the QFT-Gold Plus test, 55.17% (n = 80) were positive for LTBI, with a substantial agreement between TB1 and TB2 responses (p Conclusion: The results highlight that QFT-Plus may be utilized as a useful diagnostic screening tool for latent TB in regions with a high disease burden, though challenges related to cost and infrastructure persist. With growing global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis, focused screening and treatment of LTBI in high-risk groups could play a vital role in reducing the progression of TB. The study underscores the importance of targeted screening for LTBI to reduce the progression to active TB, particularly in resource-limited settings.
文摘Host factors, environmental factors, genetic diversity and distinct phylogeographic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contribute to regional differences in drug resistance. Bangladesh remains among the top 20 high Multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries of the world. This cross sectional study was conducted to identify the socio demographic characteristics and the risk factors contributing Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection. These characteristics and risk factors were further investigated among the clustered isolates. Total 60 culture isolates consist of 40 RR and 20 rifampicin sensitive (RS) isolates were enrolled in this study. Laboratory works were done in National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) and Department of Microbiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (B中央人民政府), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All 60 samples were confirmed as MTB by MPT 64 antigen detection. Two samples were excluded for possible cross contamination and two for failing to give PCR product for most of the locus. So, finally 56 samples were further analyzed for results. Four isolates were distributed within two clusters which were belonged to Beijing lineage. Socio demographic data and risk factors analysis of this study found significant male predominance (p = 0.04) with history of smoking (p = 0.01) and previous anti-TB treatment (p = 0.012) as the significant risk factors for RR TB.
文摘Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing extended-spectrum cephalosporins, penicillins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycins and carbapenems. The ESBL-producing organisms are a breed of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem. Methods: A total of 75 ESBL-producing E. coli, were obtained from the tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh and were studied for susceptibility pattern from October, 2010 to December, 2011. These isolates were identified by double disc synergy test (DDST) and were confirmed phenotypically as ESBL-producer by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem among ESBL-producing E. coli were determined using agar dilution method. Results: Out of 75 DDST positive ESBL-producing E. coli, 71 (94.67%) were also positive by PCDDT. All ESBL-producing E. coli, were susceptible to imipenem. About 92.95% ESBL-producing E. coli were susceptible to amikacin but only 14.08% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: In this study, ESBL-producing E. coli, showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin. Imipenem and amikacin were most effective against ESBL positive strains.
基金supported by the Department of Microbiology and Immunology,B中央人民政府,and the Research fund of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(B中央人民政府).
文摘The treatment of K.pneumoniae infections has become more difficult due to the emergence of multidrugresistant strains.This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns and detect different types of beta-lactamase genes among MDR and non-MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae in various clinical samples.A total of 150 Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified from different clinical samples by conventional microbiological procedures.Antibiotic sensitivity was detected by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Extended-spectrum betalactamase,Metallo-β-lactamase,and carbapenemase were phenotypically detected by double-disk synergy test,combined disk assay,and modified Hodge test.PCR also detected differentβlactamase genes and virulence genes.The majority of Klebsiella pneumoniae were multi-drug resistant(82%).The bacteria were found resistant to mostβ-lactam antibiotics,aminoglycosides,ciprofloxacin,cotrimoxazole,carbapenem,piperacillin,and tazobactam.However,only about 0.7%colistin resistance was observed.A double-disk synergy test was performed among the isolates for phenotypic detection of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.Only 16.6%of isolates were found to be ESBL producers.Amongβ-lactamase genes,NDM(23.34%),OXA-48(8%),and KPC(7.3%)were detected.Other prevalentβlactamase genes VIM and IMP were not detected.In summary,the prevalence of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae is high in Bangladesh,which may complicate the treatment of hospitalized patients.
