African trypanosomosis had caused lots of havocs to both humans and animals over a century with successes and failure in curtailing it.This study was aimed at screening medicinal plant,Terminalia chebula dried fruits ...African trypanosomosis had caused lots of havocs to both humans and animals over a century with successes and failure in curtailing it.This study was aimed at screening medicinal plant,Terminalia chebula dried fruits against Trypanosoma evansi for trypanocidal activity.Twenty grams of powdered Terminalia chebula dried fruits was cold extracted with methanol.Obtained MPE(methanolic plant extract)was in vitro tested against Trypanosoma brucei(1×10^6 trypanosomes/mL of the medium in each ELISA plate wells)at concentrations(250~1,000μg/mL)on Vero cells grown in DMEM(Debecco's Modified Eagle Medium)in appropriate conditions for trypanocidal activity.In-vitro cytotoxicity test of MPE of Terminalia chebula was conducted on Vero cells grown in DMEM.In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity,each mouse was inoculated with 1×10^4/mL of trypanosomes and treated(48 h post inoculation)with MPE of Terminalia chebula at concentrations(12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight)were administered at dose rate of 100 BL per mouse via intraperitoneal route to different groups of mice,6 mice per concentration.In-vitro cytotoxicity test was done on Veto cells at concentrations(1.58~100μg/mL)of MPE of Terminalia chebula.Results of in-vitro trypanocidal activity varied from immobilization,reduction and to the killing of the trypanosomes.At 250μg/mL ofMPE ofTerminalia chebula dried fruits,there was significant trypanocidal activity at 4 h of incubation and trypanosomes were not detected in corresponding ELISA plate wells at 5 h of incubation,which was statistically equivalent to reference drug,diminazine aceturate(50μL/mL)at 4 h of incubation.Results of in-vivo trypanocidal activity revealed that at concentrations(l 2.5~25 mg/kg body weight)of MPE of Terrninalia chebula,mice in these groups survived for 6 days.While at 50 and 100 to 200 mg/kg body weight,mice in these groups survived up to 7 and 8 days,respectively.In-vitro cytotoxicity test showed that all concentrations of MPE of Terminalia chenula and diminazine aceturate were cytotoxic to cells except at 1.56μL/mL and 6.25μL/mL.In conclusion,MPE of Terminalia chebula dried fruits possessed trypanocidal compounds.Further study(bioassay-guided purification)is required to know the full potential of Terrninalia chebula as future trypanocide candidate.展开更多
Emblica officinalis （E. oJficinalis） dried fruits were evaluated for its antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxic effects. Vero cell line maintained in DMEM （Dubecco＇s Modified Eagle Medium） and incubated with Try...Emblica officinalis （E. oJficinalis） dried fruits were evaluated for its antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxic effects. Vero cell line maintained in DMEM （Dubecco＇s Modified Eagle Medium） and incubated with Trypanosoma evansi for more than 12 h. MPE was added to the Vero cell culture medium at different concentrations （250-1,000 μg/mL） with trypanosomes concentration （1 × 106 trypanosomes/mL in each ELISA plate well） and incubated at appropriate conditions for 72 h. In-vitro cytotoxieity of MPE of E. officinalis was determined on Vero cells at concentrations （（1.56-100 ~tg/mL）. Acute toxicity and in-vivo infectivity tests were done in mice. Obtained MPE ofE. officinalis underwent process of purification via column chromatography, preparative chromatography and HPLC （higher performance liquid chromatography） with bioassay at different strata on Alsever＇s medium. In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity, MPE and PPFs （partially purified fractions） of E. officinalis with two sets of mice, each mouse was inoculated with 1 × 104/mL oftrypanosomes and treated （48 h post inoculation） at concentrations （12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight） were administered at dose rate of 100 [tL per mouse via intraperitoneal route （in treating parassitemic mice） to different groups of mice, 6 mice per concentration. HPLC of partially purified fractions ofE. officinalis was carried out with mobile phase ofacetonitdle： water （40：60） in gradient mode. In vitro, MPE induced immobilization and killing of the parasites in concentration-time dependent manner. Significant reduction of trypanosomes counts from concentration of 250μg/mL and complete killing of trypanosomes at 5th hour of observation, which was statistically equivalent to 4th hour of Diminazine Aceturate （Berenil）, standard reference drug used. HPLC of the partially purified fractions revealed two major prominent peaks at retention time of 1-4 min. In vivo, both MPE and PPFs of test material did prolong lives of mice by 6-9 days but could not cure them. At concentration of 2,000 kg/kg body weight of MPE in acute test, all mice survived. For in-vivo infectivity test, mice injected with immobilized trypanosomes developed parasitemia and died while, the other group survived. MPE, PPFs and Diminazine Aceturate were toxic to Vero cells at all concentrations exception of 1.56, 1.56-3.13 and 1.56-6.25 μg/mL, respectively. From this report, PPFs ofE. officinalis dried fruits demonstrated potential pathway for a new development oftrypanocide in near future if additional investigations are put in place.展开更多
文摘African trypanosomosis had caused lots of havocs to both humans and animals over a century with successes and failure in curtailing it.This study was aimed at screening medicinal plant,Terminalia chebula dried fruits against Trypanosoma evansi for trypanocidal activity.Twenty grams of powdered Terminalia chebula dried fruits was cold extracted with methanol.Obtained MPE(methanolic plant extract)was in vitro tested against Trypanosoma brucei(1×10^6 trypanosomes/mL of the medium in each ELISA plate wells)at concentrations(250~1,000μg/mL)on Vero cells grown in DMEM(Debecco's Modified Eagle Medium)in appropriate conditions for trypanocidal activity.In-vitro cytotoxicity test of MPE of Terminalia chebula was conducted on Vero cells grown in DMEM.In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity,each mouse was inoculated with 1×10^4/mL of trypanosomes and treated(48 h post inoculation)with MPE of Terminalia chebula at concentrations(12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight)were administered at dose rate of 100 BL per mouse via intraperitoneal route to different groups of mice,6 mice per concentration.In-vitro cytotoxicity test was done on Veto cells at concentrations(1.58~100μg/mL)of MPE of Terminalia chebula.Results of in-vitro trypanocidal activity varied from immobilization,reduction and to the killing of the trypanosomes.At 250μg/mL ofMPE ofTerminalia chebula dried fruits,there was significant trypanocidal activity at 4 h of incubation and trypanosomes were not detected in corresponding ELISA plate wells at 5 h of incubation,which was statistically equivalent to reference drug,diminazine aceturate(50μL/mL)at 4 h of incubation.Results of in-vivo trypanocidal activity revealed that at concentrations(l 2.5~25 mg/kg body weight)of MPE of Terrninalia chebula,mice in these groups survived for 6 days.While at 50 and 100 to 200 mg/kg body weight,mice in these groups survived up to 7 and 8 days,respectively.In-vitro cytotoxicity test showed that all concentrations of MPE of Terminalia chenula and diminazine aceturate were cytotoxic to cells except at 1.56μL/mL and 6.25μL/mL.In conclusion,MPE of Terminalia chebula dried fruits possessed trypanocidal compounds.Further study(bioassay-guided purification)is required to know the full potential of Terrninalia chebula as future trypanocide candidate.
文摘Emblica officinalis （E. oJficinalis） dried fruits were evaluated for its antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxic effects. Vero cell line maintained in DMEM （Dubecco＇s Modified Eagle Medium） and incubated with Trypanosoma evansi for more than 12 h. MPE was added to the Vero cell culture medium at different concentrations （250-1,000 μg/mL） with trypanosomes concentration （1 × 106 trypanosomes/mL in each ELISA plate well） and incubated at appropriate conditions for 72 h. In-vitro cytotoxieity of MPE of E. officinalis was determined on Vero cells at concentrations （（1.56-100 ~tg/mL）. Acute toxicity and in-vivo infectivity tests were done in mice. Obtained MPE ofE. officinalis underwent process of purification via column chromatography, preparative chromatography and HPLC （higher performance liquid chromatography） with bioassay at different strata on Alsever＇s medium. In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity, MPE and PPFs （partially purified fractions） of E. officinalis with two sets of mice, each mouse was inoculated with 1 × 104/mL oftrypanosomes and treated （48 h post inoculation） at concentrations （12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight） were administered at dose rate of 100 [tL per mouse via intraperitoneal route （in treating parassitemic mice） to different groups of mice, 6 mice per concentration. HPLC of partially purified fractions ofE. officinalis was carried out with mobile phase ofacetonitdle： water （40：60） in gradient mode. In vitro, MPE induced immobilization and killing of the parasites in concentration-time dependent manner. Significant reduction of trypanosomes counts from concentration of 250μg/mL and complete killing of trypanosomes at 5th hour of observation, which was statistically equivalent to 4th hour of Diminazine Aceturate （Berenil）, standard reference drug used. HPLC of the partially purified fractions revealed two major prominent peaks at retention time of 1-4 min. In vivo, both MPE and PPFs of test material did prolong lives of mice by 6-9 days but could not cure them. At concentration of 2,000 kg/kg body weight of MPE in acute test, all mice survived. For in-vivo infectivity test, mice injected with immobilized trypanosomes developed parasitemia and died while, the other group survived. MPE, PPFs and Diminazine Aceturate were toxic to Vero cells at all concentrations exception of 1.56, 1.56-3.13 and 1.56-6.25 μg/mL, respectively. From this report, PPFs ofE. officinalis dried fruits demonstrated potential pathway for a new development oftrypanocide in near future if additional investigations are put in place.
