The separation of alicyclic ketones and alicyclic alcohols is one of the challenges in the field of petrochemical industry. However, traditional separation methods suffer from excessive energy consumption,complicated ...The separation of alicyclic ketones and alicyclic alcohols is one of the challenges in the field of petrochemical industry. However, traditional separation methods suffer from excessive energy consumption,complicated operation, and unsatisfactory separation efficiency for substances with similar boiling points.Herein, we offer an innovative method for the separation of alicyclic ketones and alicyclic alcohols employing nonporous adaptive crystals(NACs) of perethylated pillar[5]arene(EtP5) and perethylated pillar[6]arene(Et P6). NACs of EtP5 cannot adsorb either alicyclic ketones or alicyclic alcohols because of the small cavity size of Et P5. By contrast, NACs of Et P6 can separate cyclopentanone from the vapor mixture of cyclopentanone/cyclopentanol(v:v = 1:1) and cyclohexanone from the vapor mixture of cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol(v:v = 1:1) with purities of 99.1% and 100%, respectively. Density functional theory calculations show that the selectivity comes from the thermodynamic stability of the newly formed crystal structure after adsorption of the preferred vip molecule. Moreover, NACs of Et P6 can be reused without losing selectivity and performance.展开更多
Based on analysis of gene structure of mamXY operon in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1,we constructed a mamZ deletion mutant strain(ΔmamZ)and four complemented strains with different mamZ fragment lengt...Based on analysis of gene structure of mamXY operon in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1,we constructed a mamZ deletion mutant strain(ΔmamZ)and four complemented strains with different mamZ fragment lengths.Various cell phenotypic and physiological parameters were evaluated and compared among the wild-type(WT),mutant,and complemented strains.Cell growth rates were not notably different;however,magnetic response(Cmag)and iron uptake ability were significantly lower inΔmamZ.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM)showed that magnetosomes inΔmamZ were small and irregular,and rock magnetic measurements suggested that they contained immature particles.In comparison to WT of MSR-1,intracellular iron content ofΔmamZ and the complemented strains cultured with 20mmol/L iron source was similar or slightly higher.The complemented strains were unable to synthesize mature or normal amounts of magnetosomes,apparently because of abnormal expression of the transmembrane domain of MamZ protein.Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR)analysis showed that relative transcription levels of mamX and ftsZ-like genes inΔmamZ were higher at 18 h than at 12 h,suggesting that MamXY proteins play cooperative functional roles in the magnetosome maturation process.Transcription level of mms6 was significantly upregulated inΔmamZ(incubated at 12 h)and the complemented strains(incubated at 12 and 18 h),refl ecting possible interaction between MamXY and Mms6 proteins during magnetosome biosynthesis.These findings,taken together,demonstrate the essential role of MamZ in the magnetosome maturation process in MSR-1.展开更多
All over the world,cancer has become the leading cause of human death and a major obstacle to improving life expectancy[1].Although the survival rate of cancer has been improved significantly thanks to the continued e...All over the world,cancer has become the leading cause of human death and a major obstacle to improving life expectancy[1].Although the survival rate of cancer has been improved significantly thanks to the continued efforts of researchers,there is still a long way to go before cancer is completely cured[2,3].Surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy are still the mainstays of cancer therapy[4,5].展开更多
To explore recycling solutions for used lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),a tribocatalytic method is proposed in this paper.When ZnO nanoparticles were used as catalysts,the leaching rates of lithium and cobalt in lithium c...To explore recycling solutions for used lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),a tribocatalytic method is proposed in this paper.When ZnO nanoparticles were used as catalysts,the leaching rates of lithium and cobalt in lithium cobaltate batteries reached95%and 84%,respectively.In Li-Co-Mn-Ni batteries,the leaching rates of lithium,cobalt,manganese,and nickel were 96.61%,90.00%,76.06%,and 61.78%,respectively.In the acid leaching system,the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of citric acid(CA)were in more appropriate positions,indicating that CA is more prone to redox reactions when rubbed on the surface of zinc oxide.Compared with H,O,CA is more electrostatically polarized and can participate in more reactions through electron transfer on the ZnO surface.First-principles calculations of the adsorption energies show that the interactions are stronger when CA molecules are located on the lithium cobalt oxide(LCO)(110)surface.The combination of theoretical calculations and experiments verified that the tribocatalytic weak acid leaching process is an effective ion leaching scheme.The free radicals generated during the catalytic process promoted the leaching of metal ions,thus enabling the recycling of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.In addition,this method has great potential for the reduction and leaching of ions.展开更多
Hyperosmolality-triggered physiological drought hinders plant growth and development,leading to a drop in crop yields.Hyperosmolality triggers calcium signaling,and yet how osmotic-induced calcium signaling participat...Hyperosmolality-triggered physiological drought hinders plant growth and development,leading to a drop in crop yields.Hyperosmolality triggers calcium signaling,and yet how osmotic-induced calcium signaling participates in cellular osmotic response remains enigmatic.To date,several Ca^(2+)channels and transporters have been identified to regulate osmotic-induced calcium signal generation(CaSG)or Ca^(2+)homeostasis.However,there has been no report on their function in calcium signal clearance(CaSC)in plants,especially in crops.Here,we investigated the role of a rice cation/calcium exchanger OsCCX2 in modulating calcium signaling dynamics using two distinct calcium reporters aequorin and GCa MP6s.The results showed that,under osmotic stress conditions,CaSC was significantly delayed in both root and guard cells of ccx2 mutants compared with the wild-type.Further studies revealed that hyperosmotic stress-triggered influxes of sodium(Na^(+)),potassium(K^(+)),and chloride(Cl^(-))ions were significantly reduced in ccx2 mutants,resulting in a significantly smaller range of osmotic pressure and water potentials(Ψw)adjustment.In addition,the stomatal response was impaired,with a faster water loss in ccx2 in response to hyperosmotic stress.Furthermore,the absence of Os CCX2 altered the expression patterns of key osmoticresponsive genes,but their transcriptional activation was unaffected.Collectively,these changes ultimately led to reduced hyperosmotic stress tolerance in the mutants.Additionally,OsCCX2 is likely to be located in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane,and possess Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)exchange activity.To sum up,our findings provide evidence that OsCCX2,as a CaSC regulator,is involved in cell osmotic adjustment,water homeostasis and osmotic stress tolerance in rice,which offers new insight into potential applications in drought-resistant crop improvement.展开更多
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)(Fig.1)is located at Mt.Haizi(4410 m a.s.l.,600 g/cm^(2),29°21'27.56"N,100°08'19.66"E)in Daocheng,Sichuan province,P.R.China.LHAASO con...The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)(Fig.1)is located at Mt.Haizi(4410 m a.s.l.,600 g/cm^(2),29°21'27.56"N,100°08'19.66"E)in Daocheng,Sichuan province,P.R.China.LHAASO consists of 1.3 km^(2) array(KM2A)of electromagnetic particle detectors(ED)and muon detectors(MD),a water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA)with a total active area of 78,000 m^(2),18 wide field-of-view air Cherenkov telescopes(WFCTA)and a newly proposed electron-neutron detector array(ENDA)covering 10,000 m^(2).Each detector is synchronized with all the other through a clock synchronization network based on the White Rabbit protocol.The observatory includes an IT center which comprises the data acquisition system and trigger system,the data analysis facility.In this Chapter,all the above-mentioned components of LHAASO as well as infrastructure are described.展开更多
Strategies to improve T cell therapy efficacy in solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are urgently needed.The common cytokine receptorγchain(γc)family cytokines such as IL-2,IL-7,IL-15 and IL-21 play fu...Strategies to improve T cell therapy efficacy in solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are urgently needed.The common cytokine receptorγchain(γc)family cytokines such as IL-2,IL-7,IL-15 and IL-21 play fundamental roles in T cell development,differentiation and effector phases.This study aims to determine the combination effects of IL-21 in T cell therapy against HCC and investigate optimized strategies to utilize the effect of IL-21 signal in T cell therapy.The antitumor function of AFP-specific T cell receptor-engineered T cells(TCR-T)was augmented by exogenous IL-21 in vitro and in vivo.IL-21 enhanced proliferation capacity,promoted memory differentiation,downregulated PD-1 expression and alleviated apoptosis in TCR-T after activation.A novel engineered IL-21 receptor was established,and TCR-T armed with the novel engineered IL-21 receptors(IL-21R-TCR-T)showed upregulated phosphorylated STAT3 expression without exogenous IL-21 ligand.IL-21R-TCR-T showed better proliferation upon activation and superior antitumor function in vitro and in vivo.IL-21R-TCR-T exhibited a less differentiated,exhausted and apoptotic phenotype than conventional TCR-T upon repetitive tumor antigen stimulation.The novel IL-21 receptor in our study programs powerful TCR-T and can avoid side effects induced by IL-21 systemic utilization.The novel IL-21 receptor creates new opportunities for next-generation TCR-T against HCC.展开更多
Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramo...Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems has brought the field of supramolecular chemistry into the nanoworld,providing a potential solution to this challenge.Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic platforms,supramolecular host-vip nanosystems can reverse cancer drug resistance by increasing drug uptake,reducing drug efflux,activating drugs,and inhibiting DNA repair.Herein,we summarize the research progress of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance and discuss the future research direction in this field.It is hoped that this review will provide more positive references for overcoming cancer drug resistance and promoting the development of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22101043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. N2205013, N232410019, N2405013)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 2023-MSBA-068)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing (No. SKLHOP202203006)Northeastern University。
文摘The separation of alicyclic ketones and alicyclic alcohols is one of the challenges in the field of petrochemical industry. However, traditional separation methods suffer from excessive energy consumption,complicated operation, and unsatisfactory separation efficiency for substances with similar boiling points.Herein, we offer an innovative method for the separation of alicyclic ketones and alicyclic alcohols employing nonporous adaptive crystals(NACs) of perethylated pillar[5]arene(EtP5) and perethylated pillar[6]arene(Et P6). NACs of EtP5 cannot adsorb either alicyclic ketones or alicyclic alcohols because of the small cavity size of Et P5. By contrast, NACs of Et P6 can separate cyclopentanone from the vapor mixture of cyclopentanone/cyclopentanol(v:v = 1:1) and cyclohexanone from the vapor mixture of cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol(v:v = 1:1) with purities of 99.1% and 100%, respectively. Density functional theory calculations show that the selectivity comes from the thermodynamic stability of the newly formed crystal structure after adsorption of the preferred vip molecule. Moreover, NACs of Et P6 can be reused without losing selectivity and performance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31270093)the Innovation Team of Scientific Research Platform of Anhui Province(No.KJ2015TD001)the Open Project Program of the Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Bio-manufacture,Anhui University(No.BM2015010)。
文摘Based on analysis of gene structure of mamXY operon in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1,we constructed a mamZ deletion mutant strain(ΔmamZ)and four complemented strains with different mamZ fragment lengths.Various cell phenotypic and physiological parameters were evaluated and compared among the wild-type(WT),mutant,and complemented strains.Cell growth rates were not notably different;however,magnetic response(Cmag)and iron uptake ability were significantly lower inΔmamZ.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM)showed that magnetosomes inΔmamZ were small and irregular,and rock magnetic measurements suggested that they contained immature particles.In comparison to WT of MSR-1,intracellular iron content ofΔmamZ and the complemented strains cultured with 20mmol/L iron source was similar or slightly higher.The complemented strains were unable to synthesize mature or normal amounts of magnetosomes,apparently because of abnormal expression of the transmembrane domain of MamZ protein.Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR)analysis showed that relative transcription levels of mamX and ftsZ-like genes inΔmamZ were higher at 18 h than at 12 h,suggesting that MamXY proteins play cooperative functional roles in the magnetosome maturation process.Transcription level of mms6 was significantly upregulated inΔmamZ(incubated at 12 h)and the complemented strains(incubated at 12 and 18 h),refl ecting possible interaction between MamXY and Mms6 proteins during magnetosome biosynthesis.These findings,taken together,demonstrate the essential role of MamZ in the magnetosome maturation process in MSR-1.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2205013)+1 种基金the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications(2022A07)Northeastern University for financial support.
文摘All over the world,cancer has become the leading cause of human death and a major obstacle to improving life expectancy[1].Although the survival rate of cancer has been improved significantly thanks to the continued efforts of researchers,there is still a long way to go before cancer is completely cured[2,3].Surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy are still the mainstays of cancer therapy[4,5].
基金Guilin University of Technology thank the Science and Technology Plan of Guangxi(Nos.AA25069001 and AD25069100)for financial support.
文摘To explore recycling solutions for used lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),a tribocatalytic method is proposed in this paper.When ZnO nanoparticles were used as catalysts,the leaching rates of lithium and cobalt in lithium cobaltate batteries reached95%and 84%,respectively.In Li-Co-Mn-Ni batteries,the leaching rates of lithium,cobalt,manganese,and nickel were 96.61%,90.00%,76.06%,and 61.78%,respectively.In the acid leaching system,the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of citric acid(CA)were in more appropriate positions,indicating that CA is more prone to redox reactions when rubbed on the surface of zinc oxide.Compared with H,O,CA is more electrostatically polarized and can participate in more reactions through electron transfer on the ZnO surface.First-principles calculations of the adsorption energies show that the interactions are stronger when CA molecules are located on the lithium cobalt oxide(LCO)(110)surface.The combination of theoretical calculations and experiments verified that the tribocatalytic weak acid leaching process is an effective ion leaching scheme.The free radicals generated during the catalytic process promoted the leaching of metal ions,thus enabling the recycling of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.In addition,this method has great potential for the reduction and leaching of ions.
基金supported by grants of National Nature Science Foundation of China(32071930)the Key Project of Developmental Biology and Breeding from Hunan Province(2000XKQ0203)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741146)Project of Hunan Provincial National Nature Science Foundation(2023JJ40429,2024JJ6312)Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(23B0087)Project of Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2208164,kq2402157)。
文摘Hyperosmolality-triggered physiological drought hinders plant growth and development,leading to a drop in crop yields.Hyperosmolality triggers calcium signaling,and yet how osmotic-induced calcium signaling participates in cellular osmotic response remains enigmatic.To date,several Ca^(2+)channels and transporters have been identified to regulate osmotic-induced calcium signal generation(CaSG)or Ca^(2+)homeostasis.However,there has been no report on their function in calcium signal clearance(CaSC)in plants,especially in crops.Here,we investigated the role of a rice cation/calcium exchanger OsCCX2 in modulating calcium signaling dynamics using two distinct calcium reporters aequorin and GCa MP6s.The results showed that,under osmotic stress conditions,CaSC was significantly delayed in both root and guard cells of ccx2 mutants compared with the wild-type.Further studies revealed that hyperosmotic stress-triggered influxes of sodium(Na^(+)),potassium(K^(+)),and chloride(Cl^(-))ions were significantly reduced in ccx2 mutants,resulting in a significantly smaller range of osmotic pressure and water potentials(Ψw)adjustment.In addition,the stomatal response was impaired,with a faster water loss in ccx2 in response to hyperosmotic stress.Furthermore,the absence of Os CCX2 altered the expression patterns of key osmoticresponsive genes,but their transcriptional activation was unaffected.Collectively,these changes ultimately led to reduced hyperosmotic stress tolerance in the mutants.Additionally,OsCCX2 is likely to be located in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane,and possess Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)exchange activity.To sum up,our findings provide evidence that OsCCX2,as a CaSC regulator,is involved in cell osmotic adjustment,water homeostasis and osmotic stress tolerance in rice,which offers new insight into potential applications in drought-resistant crop improvement.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation in China(NSFC)(U2031103,U1831208,11805209,11775233)NSFC for Distinguished Young Scholars(12025502)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFSY0031)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(113111KYSB20170055)。
文摘The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)(Fig.1)is located at Mt.Haizi(4410 m a.s.l.,600 g/cm^(2),29°21'27.56"N,100°08'19.66"E)in Daocheng,Sichuan province,P.R.China.LHAASO consists of 1.3 km^(2) array(KM2A)of electromagnetic particle detectors(ED)and muon detectors(MD),a water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA)with a total active area of 78,000 m^(2),18 wide field-of-view air Cherenkov telescopes(WFCTA)and a newly proposed electron-neutron detector array(ENDA)covering 10,000 m^(2).Each detector is synchronized with all the other through a clock synchronization network based on the White Rabbit protocol.The observatory includes an IT center which comprises the data acquisition system and trigger system,the data analysis facility.In this Chapter,all the above-mentioned components of LHAASO as well as infrastructure are described.
基金The study was sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2303600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073360 and 81802449)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012169,2021A1515220100,2020A1515011313)the Outstanding Youth Development Scheme of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(2020J004).
文摘Strategies to improve T cell therapy efficacy in solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are urgently needed.The common cytokine receptorγchain(γc)family cytokines such as IL-2,IL-7,IL-15 and IL-21 play fundamental roles in T cell development,differentiation and effector phases.This study aims to determine the combination effects of IL-21 in T cell therapy against HCC and investigate optimized strategies to utilize the effect of IL-21 signal in T cell therapy.The antitumor function of AFP-specific T cell receptor-engineered T cells(TCR-T)was augmented by exogenous IL-21 in vitro and in vivo.IL-21 enhanced proliferation capacity,promoted memory differentiation,downregulated PD-1 expression and alleviated apoptosis in TCR-T after activation.A novel engineered IL-21 receptor was established,and TCR-T armed with the novel engineered IL-21 receptors(IL-21R-TCR-T)showed upregulated phosphorylated STAT3 expression without exogenous IL-21 ligand.IL-21R-TCR-T showed better proliferation upon activation and superior antitumor function in vitro and in vivo.IL-21R-TCR-T exhibited a less differentiated,exhausted and apoptotic phenotype than conventional TCR-T upon repetitive tumor antigen stimulation.The novel IL-21 receptor in our study programs powerful TCR-T and can avoid side effects induced by IL-21 systemic utilization.The novel IL-21 receptor creates new opportunities for next-generation TCR-T against HCC.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2205013,N232410019)+1 种基金the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications(2022A07)Northeastern University for financial support.
文摘Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems has brought the field of supramolecular chemistry into the nanoworld,providing a potential solution to this challenge.Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic platforms,supramolecular host-vip nanosystems can reverse cancer drug resistance by increasing drug uptake,reducing drug efflux,activating drugs,and inhibiting DNA repair.Herein,we summarize the research progress of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance and discuss the future research direction in this field.It is hoped that this review will provide more positive references for overcoming cancer drug resistance and promoting the development of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems.
