Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a frequent cardiac arrhythmia in the general population,which is associated with an increased risk of several health issues.It has been demonstrated that hematological variables predict the o...Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a frequent cardiac arrhythmia in the general population,which is associated with an increased risk of several health issues.It has been demonstrated that hematological variables predict the occurrence and recurrence of AF.This review article specifically only focuses on haemoglobin,hematocrit,platelet count,white blood cells(WBCs),lymphocytes,neutrophils,monocytes,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and red blood cells in the pathophysiology of AF.It emphasizes that there is a higher risk of new-onset AF linked with both low and high haemoglobin levels.A quantitative investigation showed that hematocrit is not linked to the development of AF.The predictive significance of platelet count was reported in nonvalvular AF patients.WBCs are consistent inflammatory markers that are associated with postoperative new-onset AF.Inflammation and in particular,leukocyte activation predisposes to AF.Enhanced migratory activity in circulating and local monocytes may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of progression in atrial remodeling in AF patients.In particular,the peripheral eosinophil and left atrial diameter may be important in mediating inflammation and atrial remodeling in AF.In nonvalvular AF patients,PLR may be an independent risk factor for left atrial appendage thrombogenic milieu.NLR and MLR changes are associated with early recurrence of AF,and NLR change is related to late recurrence of AF after pulmonary vein isolation.Red blood cell distribution width and left atrial dimension were the only independent risk factors associated with AF.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer(PC)remains a highly lethal malignancy worldwide.Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Inflammatory cell in...Pancreatic cancer(PC)remains a highly lethal malignancy worldwide.Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Inflammatory cell infiltration within the PDAC tumor microenvironment promotes tumor growth and metastasis,while both local and systemic chronic inflammation is associated with an elevated risk of developing the disease.Given that the same immune cell populations are involved in mediating both inflammatory and immune responses,there exists a close interrelationship between inflammation and immunity in the context of PDAC.Various studies have reported the relationship between inflammation and PC.This review article provided a comprehensive summary of the roles of erythrocyte sedimentation rate,plasma viscosity,procalcitonin,calprotectin,haptoglobin,serum amyloid A,ferritin,and fibrinogen in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PC.展开更多
Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.Thi...Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.This study introduces a nonlinear mathematical model for examining the transmission dynamics of malaria,incorporating both human and mosquito populations.We aim to identify the key factors driving the endemic spread of malaria,determine feasible solutions,and provide insights that lead to the development of effective prevention and management strategies.We derive the basic reproductive number employing the next-generation matrix approach and identify the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.Stability analyses indicate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable when the reproductive number is below one,whereas an endemic equilibrium persists when this threshold is exceeded.Sensitivity analysis identifies the most influential mosquito-related parameters,particularly the bite rate and mosquito mortality,in controlling the spread of malaria.Furthermore,we extend our model to include a treatment compartment and three disease-preventive control variables such as antimalaria drug treatments,use of larvicides,and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for optimal control analysis.The results show that optimal use of mosquito nets,use of larvicides for mosquito population control,and treatment can lower the basic reproduction number and control malaria transmission with minimal intervention costs.The analysis of disease control strategies and findings offers valuable information for policymakers in designing cost-effective strategies to combat malaria.展开更多
Three new alkyl substituted anthraquinone derivatives, trivially named as symploquinones A-C(Compounds 1-3) were isolated from Symplocos racemosa. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of exte...Three new alkyl substituted anthraquinone derivatives, trivially named as symploquinones A-C(Compounds 1-3) were isolated from Symplocos racemosa. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses(UV, IR, Mass, ~1 H-and ^(13)C-NMR, and two-dimensional(2D) NMR techniques). The resulting data were also compared with the reported literature. These compounds were then subjected to antibacterial or antibiofilm testing. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited good antibacterial activity in the concentration range of 160-83 μg·m L^(-1) against Streptococcus mutans, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Both compounds were further screened for anti-biofilm activity, which revealed promising activities at sub-MIC concentrations. None of the compounds were found to be active against Klebsiella pneumoniae.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss caused by the degeneration of neurons and the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss caused by the degeneration of neurons and the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. The exact etiology of AD remains unclear, although both genetic and environmental factors play important roles. Key pathological features include synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Current treatments focus mainly on symptom relief through cholinesterase inhibitors andN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. However, there is an ongoing effort to discover disease-modifying therapies. Recent clinical trials are investigating innovative approaches such as amyloid-targeting agents, tau aggregation inhibitors, and gene therapies. This paper offers a thorough overview of AD, presenting its fundamental aspects, contributing factors, primary disease mechanisms, current therapeutic strategies, and a detailed examination of ongoing clinical trials. In the context of advancing research, this paper provides valuable insights into the multifaceted approaches being explored to improve the understanding and management of this challenging neurodegenerative disorder.展开更多
文摘Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a frequent cardiac arrhythmia in the general population,which is associated with an increased risk of several health issues.It has been demonstrated that hematological variables predict the occurrence and recurrence of AF.This review article specifically only focuses on haemoglobin,hematocrit,platelet count,white blood cells(WBCs),lymphocytes,neutrophils,monocytes,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and red blood cells in the pathophysiology of AF.It emphasizes that there is a higher risk of new-onset AF linked with both low and high haemoglobin levels.A quantitative investigation showed that hematocrit is not linked to the development of AF.The predictive significance of platelet count was reported in nonvalvular AF patients.WBCs are consistent inflammatory markers that are associated with postoperative new-onset AF.Inflammation and in particular,leukocyte activation predisposes to AF.Enhanced migratory activity in circulating and local monocytes may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of progression in atrial remodeling in AF patients.In particular,the peripheral eosinophil and left atrial diameter may be important in mediating inflammation and atrial remodeling in AF.In nonvalvular AF patients,PLR may be an independent risk factor for left atrial appendage thrombogenic milieu.NLR and MLR changes are associated with early recurrence of AF,and NLR change is related to late recurrence of AF after pulmonary vein isolation.Red blood cell distribution width and left atrial dimension were the only independent risk factors associated with AF.
文摘Pancreatic cancer(PC)remains a highly lethal malignancy worldwide.Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Inflammatory cell infiltration within the PDAC tumor microenvironment promotes tumor growth and metastasis,while both local and systemic chronic inflammation is associated with an elevated risk of developing the disease.Given that the same immune cell populations are involved in mediating both inflammatory and immune responses,there exists a close interrelationship between inflammation and immunity in the context of PDAC.Various studies have reported the relationship between inflammation and PC.This review article provided a comprehensive summary of the roles of erythrocyte sedimentation rate,plasma viscosity,procalcitonin,calprotectin,haptoglobin,serum amyloid A,ferritin,and fibrinogen in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PC.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia[Grant No.KFU252959].
文摘Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.This study introduces a nonlinear mathematical model for examining the transmission dynamics of malaria,incorporating both human and mosquito populations.We aim to identify the key factors driving the endemic spread of malaria,determine feasible solutions,and provide insights that lead to the development of effective prevention and management strategies.We derive the basic reproductive number employing the next-generation matrix approach and identify the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.Stability analyses indicate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable when the reproductive number is below one,whereas an endemic equilibrium persists when this threshold is exceeded.Sensitivity analysis identifies the most influential mosquito-related parameters,particularly the bite rate and mosquito mortality,in controlling the spread of malaria.Furthermore,we extend our model to include a treatment compartment and three disease-preventive control variables such as antimalaria drug treatments,use of larvicides,and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for optimal control analysis.The results show that optimal use of mosquito nets,use of larvicides for mosquito population control,and treatment can lower the basic reproduction number and control malaria transmission with minimal intervention costs.The analysis of disease control strategies and findings offers valuable information for policymakers in designing cost-effective strategies to combat malaria.
基金supported by Higher Education Commission(HEC)of Pakistan for financial support under NRPU programme(No.20-2003/NRPU)COMSATS Abbottabad for financial support
文摘Three new alkyl substituted anthraquinone derivatives, trivially named as symploquinones A-C(Compounds 1-3) were isolated from Symplocos racemosa. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses(UV, IR, Mass, ~1 H-and ^(13)C-NMR, and two-dimensional(2D) NMR techniques). The resulting data were also compared with the reported literature. These compounds were then subjected to antibacterial or antibiofilm testing. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited good antibacterial activity in the concentration range of 160-83 μg·m L^(-1) against Streptococcus mutans, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Both compounds were further screened for anti-biofilm activity, which revealed promising activities at sub-MIC concentrations. None of the compounds were found to be active against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss caused by the degeneration of neurons and the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. The exact etiology of AD remains unclear, although both genetic and environmental factors play important roles. Key pathological features include synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Current treatments focus mainly on symptom relief through cholinesterase inhibitors andN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. However, there is an ongoing effort to discover disease-modifying therapies. Recent clinical trials are investigating innovative approaches such as amyloid-targeting agents, tau aggregation inhibitors, and gene therapies. This paper offers a thorough overview of AD, presenting its fundamental aspects, contributing factors, primary disease mechanisms, current therapeutic strategies, and a detailed examination of ongoing clinical trials. In the context of advancing research, this paper provides valuable insights into the multifaceted approaches being explored to improve the understanding and management of this challenging neurodegenerative disorder.
