The aim of the present study was to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity in Bangladesh,India and China,and to assess the relationship between multimorbidity and patient's opinion regarding their involvement in...The aim of the present study was to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity in Bangladesh,India and China,and to assess the relationship between multimorbidity and patient's opinion regarding their involvement in healthcare decision-making and overall satisfaction of healthcare system.Cross-sectional data on 18696 men and women aged 18 and above were collected from the World Health Survey of World Health Organization(WHO).Outcome variables were subjective rating of(1)healthcare system's ability to involve patients in decision-making,and(2)satisfaction with the way healthcare system runs in the country.Self-reported chronic conditions were used to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity.Out of 9 chronic conditions,back pain,arthritis,and chronic cough appeared to be the most prevalent ones among majority of the participants.About one-third of the participants in China(30.7%)and two-thirds in Bangladesh(66.1%)and India(66.6%)reported having at least one chronic illness.Prevalence of multimorbidity was highest in India(34.3%)followed by Bangladesh(28.8%)and China(14.3%).In Bangladesh,India and China,respectively 70.5%,41.7%,61.3%women and 54.5%,42.8%and 58.8%men expressed dissatisfaction regarding the way healthcare system runs in their country.In Bangladesh and India,men who were living with multimorbidity were more likely to rate the patient-centeredness as"bad"than those who had no disease illness.This study suggests that the prevalence of multimorbidity was remarkably high especially in Bangladesh and India.Higher likelihood of dissatisfaction about healthcare system among multimorbid patients might be indicative of inadequacy in the provision of care in qualitative and quantitative terms.展开更多
Background:In the three decades since the first reported case of Ebola virus,most known index cases have been consistently traced to the hunting of“bush meat”,and women have consistently recorded relatively high fat...Background:In the three decades since the first reported case of Ebola virus,most known index cases have been consistently traced to the hunting of“bush meat”,and women have consistently recorded relatively high fatality rates in most catastrophic outbreaks.This paper discusses Ebola-related risk factors,which constantly interact with cultural values,and provides an insight into the link between gender and the risk of contracting infectious diseases,using Ebola virus as an example within Africa.Method:A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using the PubMed,Ovid Medline and Global Health CABI databases as well as CAB Abstracts,including gray literature.We used a descriptive and sex-and gender-based analysis to revisit previous studies on Ebola outbreaks since 1976 to 2014,and disaggregated the cases and fatality rates according to gender and the sources of known index cases based on available data.Results:In total,approximately 1530 people died in all previous Ebola outbreaks from 1976 to 2012 compared with over 11,310 deaths from the 2014 outbreak.Women’s increased exposure can be attributed to time spent at home and their responsibility for caring for the sick,while men’s increased vulnerability to the virus can be attributed to their responsibility for caring for livestock and to time spent away from home,as most known sources of the index cases have been infected in the process of hunting.We present a conceptual model of a circle of interacting risk factors for Ebola in the African context.Conclusion:There is currently no evidence related to biological differences in female or male sex that increases Ebola virus transmission and vulnerability;rather,there are differences in the level of exposure between men and women.Gender is therefore an important risk factor to consider in the design of health programs.Building the capacity for effective risk communication is a worthwhile investment in public and global health for future emergency responses.展开更多
Objective:To explore the association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior(medication adherence,controlling body weight,reducing salt intake,performing physical exercise,reducing ...Objective:To explore the association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior(medication adherence,controlling body weight,reducing salt intake,performing physical exercise,reducing alcohol consumption,abstaining from smoking,increasing fruit and vegetable consumption)among hypertensive women in Ghana.Methods:Cross-sectional data on 598 women were collected from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey of 2014.The association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior was measured by logistic regression methods.Results:Mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 131.4 and 86.58 mm Hg,respectively.With regard to self-management behavior,81.8%of women reported taking medication to control high blood pressure,44.4%reported controlling body weight,22.5%reported reducing salt intake,48.3%reported performing physical exercise,74.2%reported reducing alcohol consumption,74.2%reported abstaining from alcohol and smoking,and 20.2%reported consuming more fruits and vegetables.Women living in the wealthiest households had significantly higher odds of maintaining healthy weight,reducing salt intake,and exercising.Conclusion:The findings imply that socioeconomic factors may play important roles in women’s adherence to blood pressure-controlling behavior.It is therefore suggested that policy makers focus on improving women’s economic status as a strategy to encourage cardiovascular health-promoting behavior.展开更多
文摘The aim of the present study was to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity in Bangladesh,India and China,and to assess the relationship between multimorbidity and patient's opinion regarding their involvement in healthcare decision-making and overall satisfaction of healthcare system.Cross-sectional data on 18696 men and women aged 18 and above were collected from the World Health Survey of World Health Organization(WHO).Outcome variables were subjective rating of(1)healthcare system's ability to involve patients in decision-making,and(2)satisfaction with the way healthcare system runs in the country.Self-reported chronic conditions were used to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity.Out of 9 chronic conditions,back pain,arthritis,and chronic cough appeared to be the most prevalent ones among majority of the participants.About one-third of the participants in China(30.7%)and two-thirds in Bangladesh(66.1%)and India(66.6%)reported having at least one chronic illness.Prevalence of multimorbidity was highest in India(34.3%)followed by Bangladesh(28.8%)and China(14.3%).In Bangladesh,India and China,respectively 70.5%,41.7%,61.3%women and 54.5%,42.8%and 58.8%men expressed dissatisfaction regarding the way healthcare system runs in their country.In Bangladesh and India,men who were living with multimorbidity were more likely to rate the patient-centeredness as"bad"than those who had no disease illness.This study suggests that the prevalence of multimorbidity was remarkably high especially in Bangladesh and India.Higher likelihood of dissatisfaction about healthcare system among multimorbid patients might be indicative of inadequacy in the provision of care in qualitative and quantitative terms.
文摘Background:In the three decades since the first reported case of Ebola virus,most known index cases have been consistently traced to the hunting of“bush meat”,and women have consistently recorded relatively high fatality rates in most catastrophic outbreaks.This paper discusses Ebola-related risk factors,which constantly interact with cultural values,and provides an insight into the link between gender and the risk of contracting infectious diseases,using Ebola virus as an example within Africa.Method:A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using the PubMed,Ovid Medline and Global Health CABI databases as well as CAB Abstracts,including gray literature.We used a descriptive and sex-and gender-based analysis to revisit previous studies on Ebola outbreaks since 1976 to 2014,and disaggregated the cases and fatality rates according to gender and the sources of known index cases based on available data.Results:In total,approximately 1530 people died in all previous Ebola outbreaks from 1976 to 2012 compared with over 11,310 deaths from the 2014 outbreak.Women’s increased exposure can be attributed to time spent at home and their responsibility for caring for the sick,while men’s increased vulnerability to the virus can be attributed to their responsibility for caring for livestock and to time spent away from home,as most known sources of the index cases have been infected in the process of hunting.We present a conceptual model of a circle of interacting risk factors for Ebola in the African context.Conclusion:There is currently no evidence related to biological differences in female or male sex that increases Ebola virus transmission and vulnerability;rather,there are differences in the level of exposure between men and women.Gender is therefore an important risk factor to consider in the design of health programs.Building the capacity for effective risk communication is a worthwhile investment in public and global health for future emergency responses.
文摘Objective:To explore the association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior(medication adherence,controlling body weight,reducing salt intake,performing physical exercise,reducing alcohol consumption,abstaining from smoking,increasing fruit and vegetable consumption)among hypertensive women in Ghana.Methods:Cross-sectional data on 598 women were collected from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey of 2014.The association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior was measured by logistic regression methods.Results:Mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 131.4 and 86.58 mm Hg,respectively.With regard to self-management behavior,81.8%of women reported taking medication to control high blood pressure,44.4%reported controlling body weight,22.5%reported reducing salt intake,48.3%reported performing physical exercise,74.2%reported reducing alcohol consumption,74.2%reported abstaining from alcohol and smoking,and 20.2%reported consuming more fruits and vegetables.Women living in the wealthiest households had significantly higher odds of maintaining healthy weight,reducing salt intake,and exercising.Conclusion:The findings imply that socioeconomic factors may play important roles in women’s adherence to blood pressure-controlling behavior.It is therefore suggested that policy makers focus on improving women’s economic status as a strategy to encourage cardiovascular health-promoting behavior.
