To evaluate the efficiency of modified epoxy resins using bisphenol-A, hydantoin & cyanuric acid & to investigate the structural change due to the presence of Nitrogen atoms in polymeric chain for improved ins...To evaluate the efficiency of modified epoxy resins using bisphenol-A, hydantoin & cyanuric acid & to investigate the structural change due to the presence of Nitrogen atoms in polymeric chain for improved insulating properties, weatherability etc. The samples of epoxy resin bisphenol-a, hydantoin and Cyanuric acid based was taken for X-RAY diffraction analysis. The diffraction patterns were Fourier analysed to get an exact idea about the change in the polymer structure. From X-RAY diffraction analysis it was found that all physical parameters like area of cross section, number of carbon atoms per entanglement, stiffness parameter, particle size, percentage crystallinity & electron density fluctuation, in case of bisphenol-A based epoxy resin is more than other epoxy resins;that is;as the number of nitrogen atoms increased, all the physical parameters were reducedIn the present study only X-ray diffraction patterns of bisphenol-A, hydantoin and cyanuric acid based epoxy resins were studied. However their dielectric and ultrasonic properties could also be studied to get more information about the structur With the help of X-RAY diffraction patterns, one can easily check the synthesized samples of epoxy resins. The method to investigate the structural analysis of epoxy resin was novel and could find numerous applications in surfacecoatings.展开更多
Plant growth–promoting(PGP)microbial consortia offer a promising alternative to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers in crop production.Their regenerative potential makes them well suited for sustainable farm mana...Plant growth–promoting(PGP)microbial consortia offer a promising alternative to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers in crop production.Their regenerative potential makes them well suited for sustainable farm management practices with a lower carbon footprint.However,developing effective,stable,and environmentally friendly PGP consortia remains a major challenge.Here,we present a novel strategy for designing microbial consortia by integrating natural microbial interactions and metabolic complementarity among selected microbes,using co-occurrence network analysis and genome-scale metabolic modeling,respectively.Using this approach,we constructed a three-member microbial consortium comprising Streptomyces sp.,Agromyces sp.,and Bacillus sp.(SAB).Both microbiological and genomic analyses demonstrate the strong PGP potential and stability of SAB,which outperforms its individual members.Phenotypic analyses indicate that SAB treatment enhances plant growth rate and biomass without disrupting the native soil microbial community.Furthermore,experiments confirm the consistent and significant performance of SAB across choy sum and other plant species under different experimental setups and soil conditions,demonstrating its broad-spectrum beneficial activity.Transcriptomic analyses reveal that SAB induces parallel activation of growth and defense responses in shoots,effectively bypassing the typical growth–defense trade-off through microbiome-mediated signaling and beneficial functions.Overall,this study demonstrates the functional potential of an ecologically designed microbial consortium that enhances plant growth by rewiring resource allocation while exerting minimal impact on the rhizospheric microbial community.展开更多
文摘To evaluate the efficiency of modified epoxy resins using bisphenol-A, hydantoin & cyanuric acid & to investigate the structural change due to the presence of Nitrogen atoms in polymeric chain for improved insulating properties, weatherability etc. The samples of epoxy resin bisphenol-a, hydantoin and Cyanuric acid based was taken for X-RAY diffraction analysis. The diffraction patterns were Fourier analysed to get an exact idea about the change in the polymer structure. From X-RAY diffraction analysis it was found that all physical parameters like area of cross section, number of carbon atoms per entanglement, stiffness parameter, particle size, percentage crystallinity & electron density fluctuation, in case of bisphenol-A based epoxy resin is more than other epoxy resins;that is;as the number of nitrogen atoms increased, all the physical parameters were reducedIn the present study only X-ray diffraction patterns of bisphenol-A, hydantoin and cyanuric acid based epoxy resins were studied. However their dielectric and ultrasonic properties could also be studied to get more information about the structur With the help of X-RAY diffraction patterns, one can easily check the synthesized samples of epoxy resins. The method to investigate the structural analysis of epoxy resin was novel and could find numerous applications in surfacecoatings.
基金supported primarily by the National Research Foundation,Singapore,under award NRF-CRP16-2025-04.
文摘Plant growth–promoting(PGP)microbial consortia offer a promising alternative to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers in crop production.Their regenerative potential makes them well suited for sustainable farm management practices with a lower carbon footprint.However,developing effective,stable,and environmentally friendly PGP consortia remains a major challenge.Here,we present a novel strategy for designing microbial consortia by integrating natural microbial interactions and metabolic complementarity among selected microbes,using co-occurrence network analysis and genome-scale metabolic modeling,respectively.Using this approach,we constructed a three-member microbial consortium comprising Streptomyces sp.,Agromyces sp.,and Bacillus sp.(SAB).Both microbiological and genomic analyses demonstrate the strong PGP potential and stability of SAB,which outperforms its individual members.Phenotypic analyses indicate that SAB treatment enhances plant growth rate and biomass without disrupting the native soil microbial community.Furthermore,experiments confirm the consistent and significant performance of SAB across choy sum and other plant species under different experimental setups and soil conditions,demonstrating its broad-spectrum beneficial activity.Transcriptomic analyses reveal that SAB induces parallel activation of growth and defense responses in shoots,effectively bypassing the typical growth–defense trade-off through microbiome-mediated signaling and beneficial functions.Overall,this study demonstrates the functional potential of an ecologically designed microbial consortium that enhances plant growth by rewiring resource allocation while exerting minimal impact on the rhizospheric microbial community.
