Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MASLD)and alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)are prevalent chronic liver diseases that can progress to steatohepatitis,fibrosis,cirrhosis,and ultimately liver fai...Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MASLD)and alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)are prevalent chronic liver diseases that can progress to steatohepatitis,fibrosis,cirrhosis,and ultimately liver failure.Here,we demonstrated that oral administration of GNVs provided substantial protection against liver injury and fibrosis in MASLD and ALD mouse models.In a Western-style high-fat diet-induced MASLD model and a chronic binge alcohol-induced ALD model,GNVs treatment significantly reduced gut leakiness by restoring intestinal junctional complex proteins and rebalancing the gut microbiome.GNVs attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation,oxidative stress and fibrogenicmarkers.GNV treatment downregulated the fibrosis-associated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP2)pathway in hepatic stellate cells,which is linked to enhanced matrix degradation and reduced fibrogenesis.GNVs prevent MASLD-and ALD-associated gut barrier dysfunction and liver fibrosis through modulation of the gut-liver axis and the TIMP2 pathway.Edible GNVs represent a novel,multifaceted therapeutic strategy for managing chronic liver diseases.展开更多
Benefiting from the widespread potential applications in the era of the Internet of Thing and metaverse,triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators(TENG&PENG)have attracted considerably increasing attention.The...Benefiting from the widespread potential applications in the era of the Internet of Thing and metaverse,triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators(TENG&PENG)have attracted considerably increasing attention.Their outstanding characteristics,such as self-powered ability,high output performance,integration compatibility,cost-effectiveness,simple configurations,and versatile operation modes,could effectively expand the lifetime of vastly distributed wearable,implantable,and environmental devices,eventually achieving self-sustainable,maintenance-free,and reliable systems.However,current triboelectric/piezoelectric based active(i.e.self-powered)sensors still encounter serious bottlenecks in continuous monitoring and multimodal applications due to their intrinsic limitations of monomodal kinetic response and discontinuous transient output.This work systematically summarizes and evaluates the recent research endeavors to address the above challenges,with detailed discussions on the challenge origins,designing strategies,device performance,and corresponding diverse applications.Finally,conclusions and outlook regarding the research gap in self-powered continuous multimodal monitoring systems are provided,proposing the necessity of future research development in this field.展开更多
Background Extracellular vesicles(EVs)regulate cell metabolism and various biological processes by delivering spe-cific proteins and nucleic acids to surrounding cells.We aimed to investigate the effects of the cargo ...Background Extracellular vesicles(EVs)regulate cell metabolism and various biological processes by delivering spe-cific proteins and nucleic acids to surrounding cells.We aimed to investigate the effects of the cargo contained in EVs derived from adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)on the porcine embryonic development.Methods ASCs were isolated from porcine adipose tissue and characterized using ASC-specific markers via flow cytometry.EVs were subsequently extracted from the conditioned media of the established ASCs.These EVs were added to the in vitro culture environment of porcine embryos to observe qualitative improvements in embryonic development.Furthermore,the proteins within the EVs were analyzed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.Results We observed a higher blastocyst development rate and increased mitochondrial activity in early stage embryos in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls(24.8%±0.8%vs.28.6%±1.1%,respectively).The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay of blastocysts also revealed signifi-cantly reduced apoptotic cells in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group.Furthermore,through proteomics,we detected the proteins in ASC-EVs and blastocysts from each treatment group.This analysis revealed a higher fraction of pro-teins in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls(1,547 vs.1,495,respectively).Gene analysis confirmed that ASC-EVs showed a high expression of tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC),whereas ASC-EVs supplemented blastocysts showed a higher expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1).SRC is postulated to activate protein kinase B(AKT),which inhibits the forkhead box O signaling pathway and activates CDK1.Subsequently,CDK1 activation influences the cell cycle,thereby affecting in vitro embryonic development.Conclusion ASC-EVs promote mitochondrial activity,which is crucial for the early development of blastocysts and vital in the downregulation of apoptosis.Additionally,ASC-EVs supply SRC to porcine blastocysts,thereby elon-gating the cell cycle.展开更多
Voltage-gated sodium channels （Navs） play an important role in human pain sensation. However, the expression and role of Nav subtypes in native human sensory neurons are unclear. To address this issue, we obtained h...Voltage-gated sodium channels （Navs） play an important role in human pain sensation. However, the expression and role of Nav subtypes in native human sensory neurons are unclear. To address this issue, we obtained human dorsal root ganglion （hDRG） tissues from healthy donors. PCR analysis of seven DRG-expressed Nav subtypes revealed that the hDRG has higher expression of Navl.7 （,-~ 50% of total Nav expression） and lower expres- sion of Navl.8 （~ 12%）, whereas the mouse DRG has higher expression of Nav 1.8 （- 45%） and lower expression of Navl.7 （- 18%）. To mimic Nav regulation in chronic pain, we treated hDRG neurons in primary cultures with paclitaxel （0.1-1 μmol/L） for 24 h. Paclitaxel increased the Navl.7 but not Navl.8 expression and also increased the transient Na＋ currents and action potential firing frequency in small-diameter （〈50 ~tm） hDRG neurons. Thus, the hDRG provides a translational model in which to study ＂human pain in a dish＂ and test new pain therapeutics.展开更多
Ice krill is the keystone species in the neritic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean, where it replaces the more oceanic Antarctic krill. It is essential to understand the variation of target strength （TS in dB re l m^2...Ice krill is the keystone species in the neritic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean, where it replaces the more oceanic Antarctic krill. It is essential to understand the variation of target strength （TS in dB re l m^2） with the different body size to accurately estimate ice krill stocks. However, there is comparatively little knowledge of the acoustic backscatter of ice krill. The TS of individual, formalin-preserved, tethered ice krill was measured in a freshwater test tank at 38, 120, and 200 kHz with a calibrated split-beam echo sounder system. Mean TS was obtained from 21 individual ice krill with a broad range of body lengths （L： 13-36 iron）. The length （L, mm） to wet weight （W; mg） relationship for ice krill was 11/=0.001 21g^103~L35s （R2=0.96）. The mean TS-to-length relationship were TS38kHz=-177.4＋57log10（L）, （R^2=0.86）; TS120kHz= -129.9＋31.561ogf0（L）, （R2=0.87）; and TS200kHz=-117.6＋24.661ogre（L）, （R2=0.84）. Empirical estimates of the relationship between the TS and body length of ice krill were established at 38, 120, and 200 kHz and compared with predictions obtained from both the linear regression model of Greene et al. （1991） and the Stochastic Distorted Wave Born Approximation （SDWBA） model. This result might be applied to improve acoustic detection and density estimation of ice krill in the Southern Ocean. Further comparative studies are needed with in situ target strength including various body lengths of ice krill.展开更多
Background Anethole(AN)is an organic antioxidant compound with a benzene ring and is expected to have a positive impact on early embryogenesis in mammals.However,no study has examined the effect of AN on porcine embry...Background Anethole(AN)is an organic antioxidant compound with a benzene ring and is expected to have a positive impact on early embryogenesis in mammals.However,no study has examined the effect of AN on porcine embryonic development.Therefore,we investigated the effect of AN on the development of porcine embryos and the underlying mechanism.Results We cultured porcine in vitro-fertilized embryos in medium with AN(0,0.3,0.5,and 1 mg/mL)for 6 d.AN at 0.5 mg/mL significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate,trophectoderm cell number,and cellular survival rate compared to the control.AN-supplemented embryos exhibited significantly lower reactive oxygen species levels and higher glutathione levels than the control.Moreover,AN significantly improved the quantity of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential,and increased the lipid droplet,fatty acid,and ATP levels.Interestingly,the levels of proteins and genes related to the sonic hedgehog(SHH)signaling pathway were significantly increased by AN.Conclusions These results revealed that AN improved the developmental competence of porcine preimplantation embryos by activating SHH signaling against oxidative stress and could be used for large-scale production of high-quality porcine embryos.展开更多
The global importance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been increasingly underscored with the advancement of high-performance energy storage technologies.However,the end-of-life of these batteries poses significant c...The global importance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been increasingly underscored with the advancement of high-performance energy storage technologies.However,the end-of-life of these batteries poses significant challenges from environmental,economic,and resource management perspectives.This review paper focuses on the pyrometallurgy-based recycling process of lithium-ion batteries,exploring the fundamental understanding of this process and the importance of its optimization.Centering on the high energy consumption and emission gas issues of the pyrometallurgical recycling process,we systematically analyzed the capital-intensive nature of this process and the resulting technological characteristics.Furthermore,we conducted an in-depth discussion on the future research directions to overcome the existing technological barriers and limitations.This review will provide valuable insights for researchers and industry stakeholders in the battery recycling field.展开更多
This paper describes interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) phenomena in ferromagnetic multilayer structures, focusing on the unique IEC features observed in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As-based systems. The depend...This paper describes interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) phenomena in ferromagnetic multilayer structures, focusing on the unique IEC features observed in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As-based systems. The dependence of IEC on the structural parameters, such as non-magnetic spacer thickness, number of magnetic layers, and carrier density in the systems has been investigated by using magnetotransport measurements. The samples in the series show both a typical anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and giant magnetoresistance (GMR)-like effects indicating realization of both ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) IEC in (Ga,Mn)As-based multilayer structures. The results revealed that the presence of carriers in the nonmagnetic spacer is an important factor to realize AFM IEC in this system. The studies further reveal that the IEC occurs over a much longer distance than predicted by current theories, strongly suggesting that the IEC in (Ga,Mn)As-based multilayers is a long-range interaction. Due to the long-range nature of IEC in the (Ga,Mn)As-based systems, the next nearest neighbor (NNN) IEC cannot be ignored and results in multi-step transitions during magnetization reversal that correspond to diverse spin configurations in the system. The strength of NNN IEC was experimentally determined by measuring minor loops that correspond to magnetization flips in specific (Ga,Mn)As layer in the multilayer system.展开更多
Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 7,July 2024,Page 1554 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2907-7 In this article,affiliation 1 has been erroneously given as Depart...Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 7,July 2024,Page 1554 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2907-7 In this article,affiliation 1 has been erroneously given as Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Seoul 03722,Korea.展开更多
Transparent electro-optical neural interfacing technologies offer simultaneous high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging,and high-temporal-resolution electrical recording and stimulation.However,fabricating transpar...Transparent electro-optical neural interfacing technologies offer simultaneous high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging,and high-temporal-resolution electrical recording and stimulation.However,fabricating transparent,flexible,and mechanically robust neural electrodes with high electrochemical performance remains challenging.In this study,we fabricated transparent(72.7%at 570 nm),mechanically robust(0.05%resistance change after 50k bending cycles)ultrathin Au microelectrodes for micro-electrocorticography(µECoG)using a hexadentate metal-polymer ligand bonding with an EDTA/PSS seed layer.These transparentµECoG arrays,fabricated with biocompatible gold,exhibit excellent electrochemical properties(0.73Ω·cm^(2))for neural recording and stimulation with long-term stability.We recorded brain surface waves in vivo,maintaining a low baseline noise and a high signalto-noise ratio during acute and two-week recordings.In addition,we successfully performed optogenetic modulation without light-induced artifacts at 7.32 mW/mm^(2)laser power density.This approach shows great potential for scalable,implantable neural electrodes and wearable optoelectronic devices in digital healthcare systems.展开更多
Morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)-based ceramics are excellent for energy harvesting due to their enhanced physical properties at phase boundaries,broad operating temperature range,and ability to customize properties f...Morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)-based ceramics are excellent for energy harvesting due to their enhanced physical properties at phase boundaries,broad operating temperature range,and ability to customize properties for efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.In this work,Bi_(1–x)Na_(x)Fe_(1–x)Nb_(x)O_(3)(x=0.20,0.30,0.32 and 0.40,BNFNO abbreviation)based ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state route and blended with Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)to achieve flexible composites.Various material characterization and energy harvesting were performed by designing a hybrid piezoelectric(PENG)-triboelectric(TENG)device.The voltage and current of PENG,TENG,and hybrid bearing same device area(2 cm×2 cm)were recorded as 11 V/0.3μA;60 V/0.7μA;110 V/2.2μA.The strategies for enhancing the output performance of the hybrid device were evaluated,such as increased surface area(creating micro-roughness and porous morphology)and increasing electrode size and multi-layer hybrid device formation.The self-powered acceleration monitoring was demonstrated using the hybrid device.Further,the low-frequency-based wave energy is converted into electrical energy,confirming the usage of hybrid PENG-TENG devices as a base for battery-free sensors and blue energy harvesting.展开更多
Surface electromyography(sEMG)sensors play a critical role in diagnosing muscle conditions and enabling prosthetic device control,especially for lower extremity robotic legs.However,challenges arise when utilizing suc...Surface electromyography(sEMG)sensors play a critical role in diagnosing muscle conditions and enabling prosthetic device control,especially for lower extremity robotic legs.However,challenges arise when utilizing such sensors on residual limbs within a silicon liner worn by amputees,where dynamic pressure,narrow space,and perspiration can negatively affect sensor performance.Existing commercial sEMG sensors and newly developed sensors are unsuitable due to size and thickness,or susceptible to damage in this environment.In this paper,our sEMG sensors are tailored for amputees wearing sockets,prioritizing breathability,durability,and reliable recording performance.By employing porous PDMS and Silbione substrates,our design achieves exceptional permeability and adhesive properties.The serpentine electrode pattern and design are optimized to improve stretchability,durability,and effective contact area,resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)than conventional electrodes.Notably,our proposed sensors wirelessly enable to control of a robotic leg for amputees,demonstrating its practical feasibility and expecting to drive forward neuro-prosthetic control in the clinical research field near future.展开更多
Epidermally mounted sensors using triaxial accelerometers have been previously used to monitor physiological processes with the implementation of machine learning(ML)algorithm interfaces.The findings from these previo...Epidermally mounted sensors using triaxial accelerometers have been previously used to monitor physiological processes with the implementation of machine learning(ML)algorithm interfaces.The findings from these previous studies have established a strong foundation for the analysis of highresolution,intricate signals,typically through frequency domain conversion.In this study we integrate a wireless mechano-acoustic sensor with a multi-modal deep learning system for the real-time analysis of signals emitted by the laryngeal prominence area of the thyroid cartilage at frequency ranges up to 1 kHz.This interface provides real-time data visualization and communication with the ML server,creating a system that assesses severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analyzes the user’s speech patterns.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (project number RS-2024-00340542)supported in part (to B.J.S.) by the Intramural Fund of National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholismsupported by the 2022 research grant from the Korean Society of Ginseng
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MASLD)and alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)are prevalent chronic liver diseases that can progress to steatohepatitis,fibrosis,cirrhosis,and ultimately liver failure.Here,we demonstrated that oral administration of GNVs provided substantial protection against liver injury and fibrosis in MASLD and ALD mouse models.In a Western-style high-fat diet-induced MASLD model and a chronic binge alcohol-induced ALD model,GNVs treatment significantly reduced gut leakiness by restoring intestinal junctional complex proteins and rebalancing the gut microbiome.GNVs attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation,oxidative stress and fibrogenicmarkers.GNV treatment downregulated the fibrosis-associated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP2)pathway in hepatic stellate cells,which is linked to enhanced matrix degradation and reduced fibrogenesis.GNVs prevent MASLD-and ALD-associated gut barrier dysfunction and liver fibrosis through modulation of the gut-liver axis and the TIMP2 pathway.Edible GNVs represent a novel,multifaceted therapeutic strategy for managing chronic liver diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB3603403,2021YFB3600502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62075040,62301150)+3 种基金the Southeast University Interdisciplinary Research Program for Young Scholars(2024FGC1007)the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623164)the Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for Returned Overseas Talent(4206002302)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242024K40015).
文摘Benefiting from the widespread potential applications in the era of the Internet of Thing and metaverse,triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators(TENG&PENG)have attracted considerably increasing attention.Their outstanding characteristics,such as self-powered ability,high output performance,integration compatibility,cost-effectiveness,simple configurations,and versatile operation modes,could effectively expand the lifetime of vastly distributed wearable,implantable,and environmental devices,eventually achieving self-sustainable,maintenance-free,and reliable systems.However,current triboelectric/piezoelectric based active(i.e.self-powered)sensors still encounter serious bottlenecks in continuous monitoring and multimodal applications due to their intrinsic limitations of monomodal kinetic response and discontinuous transient output.This work systematically summarizes and evaluates the recent research endeavors to address the above challenges,with detailed discussions on the challenge origins,designing strategies,device performance,and corresponding diverse applications.Finally,conclusions and outlook regarding the research gap in self-powered continuous multimodal monitoring systems are provided,proposing the necessity of future research development in this field.
基金The Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) supported this study (grant numbers:2021R1A2C2009294)The Research Institute for Veterinary Science at the Seoul National University partially funded this study。
文摘Background Extracellular vesicles(EVs)regulate cell metabolism and various biological processes by delivering spe-cific proteins and nucleic acids to surrounding cells.We aimed to investigate the effects of the cargo contained in EVs derived from adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)on the porcine embryonic development.Methods ASCs were isolated from porcine adipose tissue and characterized using ASC-specific markers via flow cytometry.EVs were subsequently extracted from the conditioned media of the established ASCs.These EVs were added to the in vitro culture environment of porcine embryos to observe qualitative improvements in embryonic development.Furthermore,the proteins within the EVs were analyzed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.Results We observed a higher blastocyst development rate and increased mitochondrial activity in early stage embryos in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls(24.8%±0.8%vs.28.6%±1.1%,respectively).The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay of blastocysts also revealed signifi-cantly reduced apoptotic cells in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group.Furthermore,through proteomics,we detected the proteins in ASC-EVs and blastocysts from each treatment group.This analysis revealed a higher fraction of pro-teins in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls(1,547 vs.1,495,respectively).Gene analysis confirmed that ASC-EVs showed a high expression of tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC),whereas ASC-EVs supplemented blastocysts showed a higher expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1).SRC is postulated to activate protein kinase B(AKT),which inhibits the forkhead box O signaling pathway and activates CDK1.Subsequently,CDK1 activation influences the cell cycle,thereby affecting in vitro embryonic development.Conclusion ASC-EVs promote mitochondrial activity,which is crucial for the early development of blastocysts and vital in the downregulation of apoptosis.Additionally,ASC-EVs supply SRC to porcine blastocysts,thereby elon-gating the cell cycle.
基金supported in part by NIH RO1Grants NS87988,DE17794,and DE22743 to R.R.J and NS89479 to S.Y.L and R.R.J
文摘Voltage-gated sodium channels （Navs） play an important role in human pain sensation. However, the expression and role of Nav subtypes in native human sensory neurons are unclear. To address this issue, we obtained human dorsal root ganglion （hDRG） tissues from healthy donors. PCR analysis of seven DRG-expressed Nav subtypes revealed that the hDRG has higher expression of Navl.7 （,-~ 50% of total Nav expression） and lower expres- sion of Navl.8 （~ 12%）, whereas the mouse DRG has higher expression of Nav 1.8 （- 45%） and lower expression of Navl.7 （- 18%）. To mimic Nav regulation in chronic pain, we treated hDRG neurons in primary cultures with paclitaxel （0.1-1 μmol/L） for 24 h. Paclitaxel increased the Navl.7 but not Navl.8 expression and also increased the transient Na＋ currents and action potential firing frequency in small-diameter （〈50 ~tm） hDRG neurons. Thus, the hDRG provides a translational model in which to study ＂human pain in a dish＂ and test new pain therapeutics.
基金Supported by the Korea Polar Research Institute(No.PP14020)the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(No.PN65250)
文摘Ice krill is the keystone species in the neritic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean, where it replaces the more oceanic Antarctic krill. It is essential to understand the variation of target strength （TS in dB re l m^2） with the different body size to accurately estimate ice krill stocks. However, there is comparatively little knowledge of the acoustic backscatter of ice krill. The TS of individual, formalin-preserved, tethered ice krill was measured in a freshwater test tank at 38, 120, and 200 kHz with a calibrated split-beam echo sounder system. Mean TS was obtained from 21 individual ice krill with a broad range of body lengths （L： 13-36 iron）. The length （L, mm） to wet weight （W; mg） relationship for ice krill was 11/=0.001 21g^103~L35s （R2=0.96）. The mean TS-to-length relationship were TS38kHz=-177.4＋57log10（L）, （R^2=0.86）; TS120kHz= -129.9＋31.561ogf0（L）, （R2=0.87）; and TS200kHz=-117.6＋24.661ogre（L）, （R2=0.84）. Empirical estimates of the relationship between the TS and body length of ice krill were established at 38, 120, and 200 kHz and compared with predictions obtained from both the linear regression model of Greene et al. （1991） and the Stochastic Distorted Wave Born Approximation （SDWBA） model. This result might be applied to improve acoustic detection and density estimation of ice krill in the Southern Ocean. Further comparative studies are needed with in situ target strength including various body lengths of ice krill.
基金supported by the Ministry of EducationScience and Technology(No.2021M3A9A1096894)+1 种基金Republic of Korea and the KRIBB Research Initiative Program(KGM4252223)Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Republic of Korea。
文摘Background Anethole(AN)is an organic antioxidant compound with a benzene ring and is expected to have a positive impact on early embryogenesis in mammals.However,no study has examined the effect of AN on porcine embryonic development.Therefore,we investigated the effect of AN on the development of porcine embryos and the underlying mechanism.Results We cultured porcine in vitro-fertilized embryos in medium with AN(0,0.3,0.5,and 1 mg/mL)for 6 d.AN at 0.5 mg/mL significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate,trophectoderm cell number,and cellular survival rate compared to the control.AN-supplemented embryos exhibited significantly lower reactive oxygen species levels and higher glutathione levels than the control.Moreover,AN significantly improved the quantity of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential,and increased the lipid droplet,fatty acid,and ATP levels.Interestingly,the levels of proteins and genes related to the sonic hedgehog(SHH)signaling pathway were significantly increased by AN.Conclusions These results revealed that AN improved the developmental competence of porcine preimplantation embryos by activating SHH signaling against oxidative stress and could be used for large-scale production of high-quality porcine embryos.
基金the Technology Innovation Program(or Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.20022950)。
文摘The global importance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been increasingly underscored with the advancement of high-performance energy storage technologies.However,the end-of-life of these batteries poses significant challenges from environmental,economic,and resource management perspectives.This review paper focuses on the pyrometallurgy-based recycling process of lithium-ion batteries,exploring the fundamental understanding of this process and the importance of its optimization.Centering on the high energy consumption and emission gas issues of the pyrometallurgical recycling process,we systematically analyzed the capital-intensive nature of this process and the resulting technological characteristics.Furthermore,we conducted an in-depth discussion on the future research directions to overcome the existing technological barriers and limitations.This review will provide valuable insights for researchers and industry stakeholders in the battery recycling field.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2018R1D1A1A 02042965)Ministry of Science ICT (2018R1A4A1024157)+1 种基金a Korea University Future Research Grantthe National Science Foundation Grant DMR 1400432
文摘This paper describes interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) phenomena in ferromagnetic multilayer structures, focusing on the unique IEC features observed in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As-based systems. The dependence of IEC on the structural parameters, such as non-magnetic spacer thickness, number of magnetic layers, and carrier density in the systems has been investigated by using magnetotransport measurements. The samples in the series show both a typical anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and giant magnetoresistance (GMR)-like effects indicating realization of both ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) IEC in (Ga,Mn)As-based multilayer structures. The results revealed that the presence of carriers in the nonmagnetic spacer is an important factor to realize AFM IEC in this system. The studies further reveal that the IEC occurs over a much longer distance than predicted by current theories, strongly suggesting that the IEC in (Ga,Mn)As-based multilayers is a long-range interaction. Due to the long-range nature of IEC in the (Ga,Mn)As-based systems, the next nearest neighbor (NNN) IEC cannot be ignored and results in multi-step transitions during magnetization reversal that correspond to diverse spin configurations in the system. The strength of NNN IEC was experimentally determined by measuring minor loops that correspond to magnetization flips in specific (Ga,Mn)As layer in the multilayer system.
文摘Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 7,July 2024,Page 1554 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2907-7 In this article,affiliation 1 has been erroneously given as Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Seoul 03722,Korea.
基金supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-NR069917,RS-2024-00416319)in part by the‘DGIST intramural grant’(25-IRJoint-03)+1 种基金in part by an Ideas Grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)of Australia(APP1188414)in part by the Interdisciplinary Research Initiatives Program from College of Engineering and College of Medicine,Seoul National University(grant no.800-20240490).
文摘Transparent electro-optical neural interfacing technologies offer simultaneous high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging,and high-temporal-resolution electrical recording and stimulation.However,fabricating transparent,flexible,and mechanically robust neural electrodes with high electrochemical performance remains challenging.In this study,we fabricated transparent(72.7%at 570 nm),mechanically robust(0.05%resistance change after 50k bending cycles)ultrathin Au microelectrodes for micro-electrocorticography(µECoG)using a hexadentate metal-polymer ligand bonding with an EDTA/PSS seed layer.These transparentµECoG arrays,fabricated with biocompatible gold,exhibit excellent electrochemical properties(0.73Ω·cm^(2))for neural recording and stimulation with long-term stability.We recorded brain surface waves in vivo,maintaining a low baseline noise and a high signalto-noise ratio during acute and two-week recordings.In addition,we successfully performed optogenetic modulation without light-induced artifacts at 7.32 mW/mm^(2)laser power density.This approach shows great potential for scalable,implantable neural electrodes and wearable optoelectronic devices in digital healthcare systems.
基金This work is supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(2021R1C1C1011588)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea.HJ Kim was supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korea(RS-2023-00231350)+2 种基金YKM acknowledges the funding by Interreg Deutschland-Denmark with money from the European Regional Development Fund,project number 096-1.1-18(Access and Acceleration)N.Vittayakorn was funded by KMITL under grant No.KREF11650Z Jagličićwas supported by the Slovenian Research Agency(Grant No.P2-0348).
文摘Morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)-based ceramics are excellent for energy harvesting due to their enhanced physical properties at phase boundaries,broad operating temperature range,and ability to customize properties for efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.In this work,Bi_(1–x)Na_(x)Fe_(1–x)Nb_(x)O_(3)(x=0.20,0.30,0.32 and 0.40,BNFNO abbreviation)based ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state route and blended with Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)to achieve flexible composites.Various material characterization and energy harvesting were performed by designing a hybrid piezoelectric(PENG)-triboelectric(TENG)device.The voltage and current of PENG,TENG,and hybrid bearing same device area(2 cm×2 cm)were recorded as 11 V/0.3μA;60 V/0.7μA;110 V/2.2μA.The strategies for enhancing the output performance of the hybrid device were evaluated,such as increased surface area(creating micro-roughness and porous morphology)and increasing electrode size and multi-layer hybrid device formation.The self-powered acceleration monitoring was demonstrated using the hybrid device.Further,the low-frequency-based wave energy is converted into electrical energy,confirming the usage of hybrid PENG-TENG devices as a base for battery-free sensors and blue energy harvesting.
基金supported by a Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy,the Ministry of Health&Welfare,the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)(Project Number:1711135031,KMDF_PR_20200901_0158-05).
文摘Surface electromyography(sEMG)sensors play a critical role in diagnosing muscle conditions and enabling prosthetic device control,especially for lower extremity robotic legs.However,challenges arise when utilizing such sensors on residual limbs within a silicon liner worn by amputees,where dynamic pressure,narrow space,and perspiration can negatively affect sensor performance.Existing commercial sEMG sensors and newly developed sensors are unsuitable due to size and thickness,or susceptible to damage in this environment.In this paper,our sEMG sensors are tailored for amputees wearing sockets,prioritizing breathability,durability,and reliable recording performance.By employing porous PDMS and Silbione substrates,our design achieves exceptional permeability and adhesive properties.The serpentine electrode pattern and design are optimized to improve stretchability,durability,and effective contact area,resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)than conventional electrodes.Notably,our proposed sensors wirelessly enable to control of a robotic leg for amputees,demonstrating its practical feasibility and expecting to drive forward neuro-prosthetic control in the clinical research field near future.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grants funded by the Korean government(Ministry of Science and ICT)[NRF-2021R1A2C2093987]I.Y.C.acknowledges support in part by NRF grant RS-2023-00213455 funded by MSIT and IBS grant R015-D1supported by Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd.Received:((will be filled in by the editorial staff))Revised:((will be filled in by the editorial staff))Published online:((will be filled in by the editorial staff)).
文摘Epidermally mounted sensors using triaxial accelerometers have been previously used to monitor physiological processes with the implementation of machine learning(ML)algorithm interfaces.The findings from these previous studies have established a strong foundation for the analysis of highresolution,intricate signals,typically through frequency domain conversion.In this study we integrate a wireless mechano-acoustic sensor with a multi-modal deep learning system for the real-time analysis of signals emitted by the laryngeal prominence area of the thyroid cartilage at frequency ranges up to 1 kHz.This interface provides real-time data visualization and communication with the ML server,creating a system that assesses severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analyzes the user’s speech patterns.
