Background The study evaluated the effects of bacteriophage cocktail(BP)and ZnO administered during weaning time for piglets exposed to a non-sanitary environment.The bacteriophages were designed to eliminate Escheric...Background The study evaluated the effects of bacteriophage cocktail(BP)and ZnO administered during weaning time for piglets exposed to a non-sanitary environment.The bacteriophages were designed to eliminate Escherichia coli(K88,K99 and F41),Salmonella(typhimurium and enteritidis),and Clostridium perfreingens(types A and C).Forty 21-day-old crossbreed piglets were assigned to four treatments,including the PC(sanitary environment),NC(nonsanitary environment),BP(NC plus 108 pfu/kg BP),and ZO(NC plus 2,500 mg/kg ZnO).Piglets in the NC,BP and ZO were kept in a non-sanitary environment for 14 d,which was contaminated with the feces of infected pigs.Results Pigs in the BP and ZO treatments had a higher final body weight compared with the NC.The NC treatment showed the highest concentration of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the plasma.The administration of BP and ZO showed lower myeloperoxidase concentrations compared with the NC.The NC treatment showed a lower concentration of superoxide dismutase in serum compared with the PC.Among the treatments in non-sanitary environment,the NC treatment showed a higher concentration of malondialdehyde compared with the ZO.The PC treatment showed a lower concentration of butyric acid in the feces compared with the BP treatment.Among non-sanitary treatments,the villus height in the duodenum was greater in the BP and ZO compared with the NC.The lower abundance of Proteobacteria phylum was observed in the BP and PC treatments compared with the NC.The highest relative abundance of Eubacterium was recorded in the BP treatment.The abundance of Megasphaera and Schwartzia was higher in the NC pigs compared with the BP piglets.The abundance of Desulfovibrio was lower in the supplemented treatments(BP and ZO)compared with non-supplemented(NC and PC).The abundance of Cellulosilyticum genera was higher in the BP and ZO treatments rather than in the NC.The piglets in the NC treatment had the highest abundance of Escherichia-Shigella,followed by the PC and ZO treatments.Conclusion In conclusion,these results suggest that the supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail could effectively control Proteobacteria phylum,Clostridium spp.and coliforms population and mitigated the adverse influences of weaning stress in piglets.展开更多
Heat stress adversely affects sows'performance,which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies.This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on...Heat stress adversely affects sows'performance,which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies.This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows'reproductive performance,metabolic response during gestation,and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress(average room temperature of 27.1°C).Fifty-four multiparous sows(Landrace×Yorkshire;initial body weight of 236.3±16 kg;2,3and 4 parities)at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2×3 factorial arrangement(9 sows/treatment),involving 2 dietary fiber levels(4.5%and 6%crude fiber)and 3 dietary fiber sources(wheat bran[WB],palm kernel meal[PK],and beet pulp[BP]).Sows fed the BP diet had highest(P<0.01)feed intake and constipation index and lowest(P<0.01)farrowing duration.Piglet weight(P=0.041)and litter weight(P<0.01)at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment.Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest(P<0.01)digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber.The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest(P<0.01)in the PK treatment.Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK.Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest(P=0.036)hair cortisol.The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher(P=0.026)in the high fiber(6%)treatment compared with the low fiber(4.5%)treatment at 90 min and120 min after the meal.The concentration of phthalic acid,succinic acid,phenylethylamine,hydrocinnamic acid,iron,linoleic acid,glycerol,ketone,and formamide were increased(P<0.05)in the BP treatment compared with the WB.The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index,farrowing duration,and litter performance,while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal temperature.Therefore,both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber are necessary to be added to the diet of gestating sows.展开更多
基金the support of“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ01694303)”Rural Development Administration,Korea。
文摘Background The study evaluated the effects of bacteriophage cocktail(BP)and ZnO administered during weaning time for piglets exposed to a non-sanitary environment.The bacteriophages were designed to eliminate Escherichia coli(K88,K99 and F41),Salmonella(typhimurium and enteritidis),and Clostridium perfreingens(types A and C).Forty 21-day-old crossbreed piglets were assigned to four treatments,including the PC(sanitary environment),NC(nonsanitary environment),BP(NC plus 108 pfu/kg BP),and ZO(NC plus 2,500 mg/kg ZnO).Piglets in the NC,BP and ZO were kept in a non-sanitary environment for 14 d,which was contaminated with the feces of infected pigs.Results Pigs in the BP and ZO treatments had a higher final body weight compared with the NC.The NC treatment showed the highest concentration of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the plasma.The administration of BP and ZO showed lower myeloperoxidase concentrations compared with the NC.The NC treatment showed a lower concentration of superoxide dismutase in serum compared with the PC.Among the treatments in non-sanitary environment,the NC treatment showed a higher concentration of malondialdehyde compared with the ZO.The PC treatment showed a lower concentration of butyric acid in the feces compared with the BP treatment.Among non-sanitary treatments,the villus height in the duodenum was greater in the BP and ZO compared with the NC.The lower abundance of Proteobacteria phylum was observed in the BP and PC treatments compared with the NC.The highest relative abundance of Eubacterium was recorded in the BP treatment.The abundance of Megasphaera and Schwartzia was higher in the NC pigs compared with the BP piglets.The abundance of Desulfovibrio was lower in the supplemented treatments(BP and ZO)compared with non-supplemented(NC and PC).The abundance of Cellulosilyticum genera was higher in the BP and ZO treatments rather than in the NC.The piglets in the NC treatment had the highest abundance of Escherichia-Shigella,followed by the PC and ZO treatments.Conclusion In conclusion,these results suggest that the supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail could effectively control Proteobacteria phylum,Clostridium spp.and coliforms population and mitigated the adverse influences of weaning stress in piglets.
基金supported by Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea(Grant No.PJ01479601)
文摘Heat stress adversely affects sows'performance,which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies.This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows'reproductive performance,metabolic response during gestation,and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress(average room temperature of 27.1°C).Fifty-four multiparous sows(Landrace×Yorkshire;initial body weight of 236.3±16 kg;2,3and 4 parities)at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2×3 factorial arrangement(9 sows/treatment),involving 2 dietary fiber levels(4.5%and 6%crude fiber)and 3 dietary fiber sources(wheat bran[WB],palm kernel meal[PK],and beet pulp[BP]).Sows fed the BP diet had highest(P<0.01)feed intake and constipation index and lowest(P<0.01)farrowing duration.Piglet weight(P=0.041)and litter weight(P<0.01)at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment.Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest(P<0.01)digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber.The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest(P<0.01)in the PK treatment.Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK.Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest(P=0.036)hair cortisol.The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher(P=0.026)in the high fiber(6%)treatment compared with the low fiber(4.5%)treatment at 90 min and120 min after the meal.The concentration of phthalic acid,succinic acid,phenylethylamine,hydrocinnamic acid,iron,linoleic acid,glycerol,ketone,and formamide were increased(P<0.05)in the BP treatment compared with the WB.The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index,farrowing duration,and litter performance,while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal temperature.Therefore,both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber are necessary to be added to the diet of gestating sows.
