Background： Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins（APPs） are reactants synthesi...Background： Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins（APPs） are reactants synthesized against environmental stimuli like stress, infection, inflammation.Methods： To delineate the differences in molecular constituents of adaptive response to the environment we performed the whole-blood transcriptome analysis in Italian Holstein（IH） and Italian Simmental（IS） breeds. For this, 663 IH and IS cows from six commercial farms were clustered according to the blood level of APPs. Ten extreme individuals（five APP＋ and APP-variants） from each farm were selected for the RNA-seq using the Illumina sequencing technology. Differentially expressed（DE） genes were analyzed using dynamic impact approach（DIA）and DAVID annotation clustering. Milk production data were statistically elaborated to assess the association of APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns with variations in milk parameters.Results： The overall de novo assembly of cDNA sequence data generated 13,665 genes expressed in bovine blood cells. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 1,152 DE genes in the comparison of all APP＋ vs. all APP-variants; 531 and 217 DE genes specific for IH and IS comparison respectively. In all comparisons overexpressed genes were more represented than underexpressed ones. DAVID analysis revealed 369 DE genes across breeds, 173 and 73 DE genes in IH and IS comparison respectively. Among the most impacted pathways for both breeds were vitamin B6 metabolism, folate biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism.Conclusions： Both DIA and DAVID approaches produced a high number of significantly impacted genes and pathways with a narrow connection to adaptive response in cows with high level of blood APPs. A similar variation in gene expression and impacted pathways between APP＋ and APP-variants was found between two studied breeds. Such similarity was also confirmed by annotation clustering of the DE genes. However, IH breed showed higher and more differentiated impacts compared to IS breed and such particular features in the IH adaptive response could be explained by its higher metabolic activity. Variations of milk production data were significantly associated with APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns.展开更多
A dietary intervention study was assessed to determine if different sources of starch in homemade diets could significantly modify fecal microbiome of dogs.Twenty-seven adult dogs were enrolled and fed a diet based on...A dietary intervention study was assessed to determine if different sources of starch in homemade diets could significantly modify fecal microbiome of dogs.Twenty-seven adult dogs were enrolled and fed a diet based on a mixture of rice and pasta with fresh raw meat(CD).After 90 d,8 dogs continued to receive CD diet,10 dogs received a diet made of a raw meat and a complementary food with rice as the main source of starch(B1),and 9 dogs were fed a diet with the same raw meat and a complementary food with potato as the main source of starch(B2).Samples of feces were collected from each dog in the mornings at the beginning of the study and after 15 d and analyzed for pH,ammonia N(N-NH3)and total N,short chain fatty acids(SCFA)and lactic acid.Relative abundance of fecal microbiota was assessed by sequencing and annotating the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA.Total starch intake was similar between diets but differed in the in vitro rate digestion and in the resistant starch,which was higher in B2 than in B1 and CD diets.Dogs fed B2 diet showed lower(P<0.05)N-NH3 and pH but higher(P<0.05)molar proportion of lactic acid.Linear discriminant analysis of the genera relative abundances indicated a significant(P<0.01)increase of SMB53 genus at the end of the study in B1 diet and of Megamonas genus in B1 and B2 diets in comparison to CD diet.These results suggest that changes of starch source in a raw meat-based diet have limited effects on fecal microbiome in healthy dogs,but underline a high variability of microbiota among dogs.展开更多
基金funded by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(PRIN GEN2PHEN)
文摘Background： Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins（APPs） are reactants synthesized against environmental stimuli like stress, infection, inflammation.Methods： To delineate the differences in molecular constituents of adaptive response to the environment we performed the whole-blood transcriptome analysis in Italian Holstein（IH） and Italian Simmental（IS） breeds. For this, 663 IH and IS cows from six commercial farms were clustered according to the blood level of APPs. Ten extreme individuals（five APP＋ and APP-variants） from each farm were selected for the RNA-seq using the Illumina sequencing technology. Differentially expressed（DE） genes were analyzed using dynamic impact approach（DIA）and DAVID annotation clustering. Milk production data were statistically elaborated to assess the association of APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns with variations in milk parameters.Results： The overall de novo assembly of cDNA sequence data generated 13,665 genes expressed in bovine blood cells. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 1,152 DE genes in the comparison of all APP＋ vs. all APP-variants; 531 and 217 DE genes specific for IH and IS comparison respectively. In all comparisons overexpressed genes were more represented than underexpressed ones. DAVID analysis revealed 369 DE genes across breeds, 173 and 73 DE genes in IH and IS comparison respectively. Among the most impacted pathways for both breeds were vitamin B6 metabolism, folate biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism.Conclusions： Both DIA and DAVID approaches produced a high number of significantly impacted genes and pathways with a narrow connection to adaptive response in cows with high level of blood APPs. A similar variation in gene expression and impacted pathways between APP＋ and APP-variants was found between two studied breeds. Such similarity was also confirmed by annotation clustering of the DE genes. However, IH breed showed higher and more differentiated impacts compared to IS breed and such particular features in the IH adaptive response could be explained by its higher metabolic activity. Variations of milk production data were significantly associated with APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns.
基金funded from Department of Agrofood,Environmental and Animal Science of the University of Udine,Grant PRID2017
文摘A dietary intervention study was assessed to determine if different sources of starch in homemade diets could significantly modify fecal microbiome of dogs.Twenty-seven adult dogs were enrolled and fed a diet based on a mixture of rice and pasta with fresh raw meat(CD).After 90 d,8 dogs continued to receive CD diet,10 dogs received a diet made of a raw meat and a complementary food with rice as the main source of starch(B1),and 9 dogs were fed a diet with the same raw meat and a complementary food with potato as the main source of starch(B2).Samples of feces were collected from each dog in the mornings at the beginning of the study and after 15 d and analyzed for pH,ammonia N(N-NH3)and total N,short chain fatty acids(SCFA)and lactic acid.Relative abundance of fecal microbiota was assessed by sequencing and annotating the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA.Total starch intake was similar between diets but differed in the in vitro rate digestion and in the resistant starch,which was higher in B2 than in B1 and CD diets.Dogs fed B2 diet showed lower(P<0.05)N-NH3 and pH but higher(P<0.05)molar proportion of lactic acid.Linear discriminant analysis of the genera relative abundances indicated a significant(P<0.01)increase of SMB53 genus at the end of the study in B1 diet and of Megamonas genus in B1 and B2 diets in comparison to CD diet.These results suggest that changes of starch source in a raw meat-based diet have limited effects on fecal microbiome in healthy dogs,but underline a high variability of microbiota among dogs.
