Rice fields are one of the largest sources of methane(CH4),a potent greenhouse gas contributing significantly to global warming.Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and mitigating CH4 emissions from paddy fields is c...Rice fields are one of the largest sources of methane(CH4),a potent greenhouse gas contributing significantly to global warming.Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and mitigating CH4 emissions from paddy fields is crucial for combating climate change while ensuring sustainable food production.This review investigates the biological processes governing CH4 generation in rice fields,focusing on how soil microorganisms generate CH4 under waterlogged,anaerobic conditions.It also explores the mechanisms by which CH4 escapes into the atmosphere through plant-mediated transport,diffusion,and ebullition.Several factors influencing CH4 emissions are discussed,including soil composition,water management,exogenous organic matter application,rice variety selection,and local climate conditions.Strategies that can be implemented to reduce CH4 emissions are assessed,such as alternate wetting and drying,urea deep placement,biochar application,optimized fertilizer application,and breeding of rice varieties with low CH4 emissions.Novel solutions,such as the enhancement of methane-consuming bacteria in soils using microbial-based approaches,are also explored.The importance of integrating innovative technologies,improved farming practices,and interdisciplinary research is emphasized to develop practical and scalable strategies for reducing CH4 emissions.By addressing these challenges,we can advance towards the attainment of sustainable agriculture and global climate goals.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers,policymakers,and practitioners seeking to understand and mitigate CH4 emissions from rice cultivation.展开更多
Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the potential of endophytes within these bio-prospective medicinal plants remains unknown. The present study elucidates the e...Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the potential of endophytes within these bio-prospective medicinal plants remains unknown. The present study elucidates the endophytic diversity of medicinal plants（Caralluma acutangula, Rhazya stricta, and Moringa peregrina） and the endophyte role in seed growth and oxidative stress. Various organs of medicinal plants yielded ten endophytes, which were identified as Phoma sp.（6 isolates）, Alternaria sp.（2）, Bipolaris sp.（1）, and Cladosporium sp.（1） based on 18 S rD NA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The culture filtrates（CFs; 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations） from these endophytes were tested against the growth of normal and dwarf mutant rice lines. Endophytic CF exhibited dose-dependent growth stimulation and suppression effects. CF（100%） of Phoma sp. significantly increased rice seed germination and growth compared to controls and other endophytes. This growth-promoting effect was due to the presence of indole acetic acid in endophytic CF. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry（GC/MS） analysis showed the highest indole acetic acid content（（54.31±0.21） μmol/L） in Bipolaris sp. In addition, the isolate of Bipolaris sp. exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activity than the other isolates. Bipolaris sp. and Phoma sp. also exhibited significantly higher flavonoid and phenolic contents. The medicinal plants exhibited the presence of bio-prospective endophytic strains, which could be used for the improvement of crop growth and the mitigation of oxidative stresses.展开更多
We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar（BC） and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merr.） with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient upta...We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar（BC） and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merr.） with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient uptakes and assimilations, and their subsequent effects on the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）-scavenging activity. The assimilation of basic nutrients such as nitrogen was up-regulated, leaving carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen unaffected in BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean plants. In comparison, the uptakes of macro- and micronutrients fluctuated in the individual or co-application of BC and G. geotrichum in soybean plant organs and rhizospheric substrate. Moreover, the same attribute was recorded for the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and DPPH-scavenging activity. Collectively, these results showed that BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean yielded better results than did the plants treated with individual applications. It was concluded that BC is an additional nutriment source and that the G. geotrichum acts as a plant biostimulating source and the effects of both are additive towards plant growth promotion. Strategies involving the incorporation of BC and endophytic symbiosis may help achieve eco-friendly agricultural production, thus reducing the excessive use of chemical agents.展开更多
基金supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development,Republic of Korea(Grant No.RS-2022-RD010034)the 2023 Yellow Sea Wetland International Cooperation Key Project,China(Grant No.HHSDKT202303).
文摘Rice fields are one of the largest sources of methane(CH4),a potent greenhouse gas contributing significantly to global warming.Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and mitigating CH4 emissions from paddy fields is crucial for combating climate change while ensuring sustainable food production.This review investigates the biological processes governing CH4 generation in rice fields,focusing on how soil microorganisms generate CH4 under waterlogged,anaerobic conditions.It also explores the mechanisms by which CH4 escapes into the atmosphere through plant-mediated transport,diffusion,and ebullition.Several factors influencing CH4 emissions are discussed,including soil composition,water management,exogenous organic matter application,rice variety selection,and local climate conditions.Strategies that can be implemented to reduce CH4 emissions are assessed,such as alternate wetting and drying,urea deep placement,biochar application,optimized fertilizer application,and breeding of rice varieties with low CH4 emissions.Novel solutions,such as the enhancement of methane-consuming bacteria in soils using microbial-based approaches,are also explored.The importance of integrating innovative technologies,improved farming practices,and interdisciplinary research is emphasized to develop practical and scalable strategies for reducing CH4 emissions.By addressing these challenges,we can advance towards the attainment of sustainable agriculture and global climate goals.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers,policymakers,and practitioners seeking to understand and mitigate CH4 emissions from rice cultivation.
基金Project supported by the Oman Research Council(FURAP Program)the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries(IPET) through Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs Research Center Support Program,funded by Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(716001-7)
文摘Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the potential of endophytes within these bio-prospective medicinal plants remains unknown. The present study elucidates the endophytic diversity of medicinal plants（Caralluma acutangula, Rhazya stricta, and Moringa peregrina） and the endophyte role in seed growth and oxidative stress. Various organs of medicinal plants yielded ten endophytes, which were identified as Phoma sp.（6 isolates）, Alternaria sp.（2）, Bipolaris sp.（1）, and Cladosporium sp.（1） based on 18 S rD NA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The culture filtrates（CFs; 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations） from these endophytes were tested against the growth of normal and dwarf mutant rice lines. Endophytic CF exhibited dose-dependent growth stimulation and suppression effects. CF（100%） of Phoma sp. significantly increased rice seed germination and growth compared to controls and other endophytes. This growth-promoting effect was due to the presence of indole acetic acid in endophytic CF. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry（GC/MS） analysis showed the highest indole acetic acid content（（54.31±0.21） μmol/L） in Bipolaris sp. In addition, the isolate of Bipolaris sp. exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activity than the other isolates. Bipolaris sp. and Phoma sp. also exhibited significantly higher flavonoid and phenolic contents. The medicinal plants exhibited the presence of bio-prospective endophytic strains, which could be used for the improvement of crop growth and the mitigation of oxidative stresses.
基金Project supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries(IPET) through Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs Research Center Support Program,funded by Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(716001-7)
文摘We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar（BC） and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merr.） with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient uptakes and assimilations, and their subsequent effects on the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）-scavenging activity. The assimilation of basic nutrients such as nitrogen was up-regulated, leaving carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen unaffected in BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean plants. In comparison, the uptakes of macro- and micronutrients fluctuated in the individual or co-application of BC and G. geotrichum in soybean plant organs and rhizospheric substrate. Moreover, the same attribute was recorded for the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and DPPH-scavenging activity. Collectively, these results showed that BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean yielded better results than did the plants treated with individual applications. It was concluded that BC is an additional nutriment source and that the G. geotrichum acts as a plant biostimulating source and the effects of both are additive towards plant growth promotion. Strategies involving the incorporation of BC and endophytic symbiosis may help achieve eco-friendly agricultural production, thus reducing the excessive use of chemical agents.
