Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide. There is no specific biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Trigly-ceride and glucose index (TyG) may predict the subsequent occurrence of ...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide. There is no specific biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Trigly-ceride and glucose index (TyG) may predict the subsequent occurrence of NAFLD in later life. This cross sectional study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) as a possible biomarker of NAFLD. The study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (B中央人民政府), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 124 subjects were taken as study population following selection criteria. Among them 62 were diagnosed patients of NAFLD and 62 were healthy subjects as control group. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and serum triglyceride was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method, while TyG index was calculated accordingly. The mean age was 39.5 ± 11.27 years in NAFLD patients and 37.10 ± 12.28 years in control subjects with male female ratio 1:1.7 and 1:1.8 respectively. Major portion of NAFLD patients (62.9%) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). The mean fasting plasma glucose level was 5.73 ± 1.47 mmol/L in NAFLD patients and 5.27 ± 0.69 mmol/L in control group (p < 0.027). The mean serum triglyceride level was 237.19 ± 96.47 mg/dl in NAFLD patients and 117.32 ± 53.07 mg/dl in control group (p < 0.001). The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) was 9.36 ± 0.47 in NAFLD group and 8.53 ± 0.42 in control group. TyG index was significantly higher in NAFLD patients in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, cut off value of TyG index was 8.85 with sensitivity 93.5% and specificity 79%. As a fast and effective method, TyG index can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict NAFLD.展开更多
Fully fashioned knitwear has a problem that the texture and dimension of the garment, consumption and costing cannot be decided until the pattern is sincerely knitted and carried out environs of stipulations involved ...Fully fashioned knitwear has a problem that the texture and dimension of the garment, consumption and costing cannot be decided until the pattern is sincerely knitted and carried out environs of stipulations involved in the knitting process. The study finds out a total regular consumption, costing system and its parameters that are required to make a cost sheet of knitwear (sweater). The analysis gives the complete manner of sweater costing with the recommended aid of inspecting the elements that have an impact on costs. Required consumption and costing techniques such as yarn, trims, accessories, testing, rate of manufacturing and FOB are on hand in this study about exhibiting a special model of costing. The cost sheet consists of huge costs incurred at an extensive range of tiers of business operations. The analysis intends to show off from received tech pack to closing cost sheet. Therefore, the producers will obtain a sturdy reflection of a sweater costing method. Effective costing suggests the way to exist in this internationally competitive market.展开更多
<strong>Purpose of Review:</strong> The management of eye injuries is both difficult and argumentative. This study attempts to highlight the management of ocular trauma using currently available informatio...<strong>Purpose of Review:</strong> The management of eye injuries is both difficult and argumentative. This study attempts to highlight the management of ocular trauma using currently available information in the literature and author experience. This review presents a workable framework from the first presentation, epidemiology, classification, investigations, management principles, complications, prognostic factors, final visual outcome and management debates. <strong>Review Findings:</strong> Mechanical ocular trauma is a leading cause of monocular blindness and possible handicap worldwide. Among several classification systems, the most widely accepted is Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). Mechanical ocular trauma is a topic of unsolved controversy. Patching for corneal abrasion, paracentesis for hyphema, the timing of cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation are all issues in anterior segment injuries. Regarding posterior segment controversies, the timing of vitrectomy, use of prophylactic cryotherapy, the necessity of intravitreal antibiotics in the absence of infection, the use of vitrectomy vs vitreous tap in traumatic endophthalmitis is the issues. The pediatric age group needs to be approached by a different protocol due to the risk of amblyopia, intraocular inflammation, and significant vitreoretinal adhesions. The various prognostic factors have a role in the final visual outcome. B scan is used to exclude R.D, Intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and vitreous haemorrhage in hazy media. Individual surgical strategies are used for every patient according to the classification and extent of the injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This article examines relevant evidence on the management challenges and controversies of mechanical trauma of the eye and offers treatment recommendations based on published research and the authors’ own experience.展开更多
Background: Nowadays cancer is a buzzword in every corner of the world. Back a few decades, cancer was not that much known to the people of South Asia let alone known of Leukemia. Many countries in the South Asian reg...Background: Nowadays cancer is a buzzword in every corner of the world. Back a few decades, cancer was not that much known to the people of South Asia let alone known of Leukemia. Many countries in the South Asian region are designated as developing countries. Hence, the deficiency of diagnosis system, treatment, management, and lack of knowledge about leukemia in this region are major problems. Therefore, the incidence rate, mortality rate, and several deaths are increasing day by day. Methods: This cross-sectional study is aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of leukemia in South Asian Countries for the year 2020 by acquiring data from the global cancer project (GLOBOCAN2020) accessible at https://gco.iarc.fr. Results: In South Asia, 1,733,573 cancer cases were documented in 2020 where 62,163 cases were leukemia related. The highest incidence rate was reported in Pakistan (4.3 in 1,000,000) and Sri Lanka (4.1 in 1,000,000) and the lowest in Bangladesh (1.8 in 1,000,000) and Nepal (2.0 in 1,000,000). On the other hand, 1,124,875 death had been reported in 2020, where 45,707 (4.1%) death was associated with leukemia. Pakistan (3.4 in 1,000,000) and Maldives (3.1 in 1,000,000) had the highest death and lowest in Bangladesh (1.4 in 1,000,000) and Nepal (1.5 in 1,000,000). Adults aged from 60 - 85 years old have the highest rate of incidence and mortality rate in all countries except Nepal. Conclusions: Leukemia is one of the major concerning cancer of all ages people in South Asia, the situation and related risk factors information can be helpful to reduce death through proper treatment.展开更多
In this study, we report the cost-effective and simple synthesis of carbon-coated α-MnOnanoparticles(α-MnO@C) for use as cathodes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) for the first time. α-MnO@C was prepared via a g...In this study, we report the cost-effective and simple synthesis of carbon-coated α-MnOnanoparticles(α-MnO@C) for use as cathodes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) for the first time. α-MnO@C was prepared via a gel formation, using maleic acid(CHO) as the carbon source, followed by annealing at low temperature of 270 °C. A uniform carbon network among the α-MnOnanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscopy. When tested in a zinc cell, the α-MnO@C exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 272 m Ah/g under 66 m A/g current density compared to 213 m Ah/g, at the same current density, displayed by the pristine sample. Further, α-MnO@C demonstrated superior cycleability compared to the pristine samples. This study may pave the way for the utilizing carbon-coated MnOelectrodes for aqueous ZIB applications and thereby contribute to realizing high performance eco-friendly batteries.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini(L.) Skeels(S. cumini) seeds on the major organs in an animal model of diabetes through biochemical and histopathological studies.Methods: The ...Objective: To evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini(L.) Skeels(S. cumini) seeds on the major organs in an animal model of diabetes through biochemical and histopathological studies.Methods: The methanolic extracts of S. cumini seeds(100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats daily, with fasting blood glucose levels being measured by glucometry at one-day interval for a duration of two weeks. Biochemical assays to evaluate changes in the functions of the heart, liver,pancreas and kidney were carried out. Histopathological changes in the diabetic rat organs(pancreas, liver, heart, kidney and spleen) were also observed after the 14 days of treatment with the extracts.Results: Oral administration of methanolic extracts of S. cumini seeds(100 and 200 mg/kg body weight), with gliclazide as a positive control(25 mg/kg), showed beneficial effects including lowering blood glucose levels(P < 0.001), improved heart and liver functions, and hyperlipidemia due to diabetes. At 200 mg/kg, the extracts reversed cardiac and liver damage caused by alloxan.Conclusions: In addition to the anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extracts of S. cumini seeds, the extracts demonstrates potential to minimize cardiac and hepatic complications.展开更多
Underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications.UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking,ocean mine identification,resource exploration,...Underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications.UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking,ocean mine identification,resource exploration,pollution checking,and disaster avoidance.UASN confronts many difficulties and issues,such as low bandwidth,node movements,propagation delay,3D arrangement,energy limitation,and high-cost production and arrangement costs caused by antagonistic underwater situations.Underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs)are considered a major issue being encountered in energy management because of the limited battery power of their nodes.Moreover,the harsh underwater environment requires vendors to design and deploy energy-hungry devices to fulfil the communication requirements and maintain an acceptable quality of service.Moreover,increased transmission power levels result in higher channel interference,thereby increasing packet loss.Considering the facts mentioned above,this research presents a controlled transmission power-based sparsity-aware energy-efficient clustering in UWSNs.The contributions of this technique is threefold.First,it uses the adaptive power control mechanism to utilize the sensor nodes’battery and reduce channel interference effectively.Second,thresholds are defined to ensure successful communication.Third,clustering can be implemented in dense areas to decrease the repetitive transmission that ultimately affects the energy consumption of nodes and interference significantly.Additionally,mobile sinks are deployed to gather information locally to achieve the previously mentioned benefits.The suggested protocol is meticulously examined through extensive simulations and is validated through comparison with other advanced UWSN strategies.Findings show that the suggested protocol outperforms other procedures in terms of network lifetime and packet delivery ratio.展开更多
Gas blowout is one of the major hazard in petroleum field which normally damages the gas bearing geologic formation, structure, local tectonic setting, environment and so on. In Bangladesh, there have been three well ...Gas blowout is one of the major hazard in petroleum field which normally damages the gas bearing geologic formation, structure, local tectonic setting, environment and so on. In Bangladesh, there have been three well known gas blowouts. Among them, the most dangerous gas well blowout took place on 8 January 2005 in Sunamganj district when chattak-2 (also known as Tengratila) gas field was drilled. As a result, the surrounding area is facing various problems among them water is the top of the list. From this point of view, the present study has been considered to find the impact of blowout on water around the gas blowout area. In this regard, the water samples (some are very near and some are away from the well) are collected and analyzed in the laboratory following the standard method. Some physical and chemical parameters of water such as pH, turbidity, EC, total solids, dissolved solids, suspended solids, manganese ion, calcium ion, magnesium, iron, chloride and total hardness have measured where without turbidity, manganese and iron, all are still in tolerable state for all purposes and ranging within standard limit based on WHO, EU and EQS for Bangladesh. The quality of the near well tube wells water is much decreased than far away tube wells water which might be the direct or indirect influence of the blowout incident around the area.展开更多
Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) is one of the renowned varieties of cattle which is indigenous and most potential type of domestic animal genetic resource in Bangladesh with distinct phenotypic characteristics. Reproducti...Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) is one of the renowned varieties of cattle which is indigenous and most potential type of domestic animal genetic resource in Bangladesh with distinct phenotypic characteristics. Reproductive management might be a process for multiplying this cattle variety. Therefore, the goals of this study were to characterize the follicular waves of RCC and to determine the Progesterone (P4), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) profile during three consecutive estrus cycle. Follicular wave emergence (Day 0) was identified using trans-vaginal ultrasound technique and follicular growth was then monitored from Day 0 to Day 23 during three consecutive estrus cycle and blood samples were collected. After measuring the growth and diameter of the follicles, hormonal assays of collected blood samples were performed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We found that, both RCC cows and heifers showed two waves inter-ovulatory intervals. The length of inter-ovulatory intervals and the diameter of the ovulatory follicle of RCC cows and heifers were slightly different from each other. The identification of the dominant follicle was confirmed from the start of its deviation from other subordinate follicles till it reached to the maximum diameter and identified as dominant follicle which increases linearly for approximately six days (growing phase). This dominant follicle is remained approximately same size for five days (static phase), and then begins to regress (regressing phase) decreasing the antral diameter. The follicular waves are first detectable as 4 - 5 mm follicles approximately at day 0 and day 10 both for RCC cows and heifers which showed two waves inter-ovulatory intervals. The circulating varied concentrations of LH, FSH and P4 were determined using ELISA in case of both cows and heifers and the concentration curves followed the similar pattern of change during the estrus cycle. Hence, the knowledge about ovarian follicular waves will create a base line for reproductive management of RCC as well as to allow reproductive biotechnologies to improve and multiply this cattle variety.展开更多
The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of combination of glibenclamide;an antidiabetic drug and simvastatin;a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on long-term (four weeks) alloxan-induced diabetes rats (ADR...The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of combination of glibenclamide;an antidiabetic drug and simvastatin;a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on long-term (four weeks) alloxan-induced diabetes rats (ADRs). Methods: Alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight, BW) was injected intra-peritonially (i.p.) in rats. At first alloxan (120 mg/kg BW) induced diabetic rats were treated with single dose of glibenclamide (1.2 mg/70kg BW) and simvastatin (10 mg/70kg BW) for two weeks. Then fixed dose combinations of glibenclamide (0.6 mg/70kg BW) and simvastatin (5 mg/70kg BW) were injected along with those of two drugs for four weeks. Results: At first it was found that glibenclamide reduced significant amount of glucose in blood, but it had no significant effect on lipid profile on short term (two weeks) ADRs. In contrast, simvastatin had no effect on blood glucose level, whereas it significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased significant amount of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, pathological changes of pancreas’s Islets of Langerhans were observed only after long-term (four weeks) induction of alloxan in rats. The inhibitory effect of combination therapy on blood glucose, TC, TG and LDL-C level was higher than those of monotherapy alone on long term ADRs. In addition, treatment with combination therapy on long term ADRs showed higher amount of HDL-C level and super oxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity than those with monotherapy. They also decreased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level. Administration of simvastatin recovered Langerhans cells from shrinkage whereas glibenclamide displayed slight recovery. But the combination therapy showed complete recovery of Langerhans cells as compared with diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our present findings suggest that treatment of glibenclamide in combination with simvastatin may be more effective than mono-therapy for preventing diabetes in rats. It may also suggest that this combination may have some beneficial effects on reducing cardiovascular risks from long term diabetes in rats.展开更多
Present research was designated to investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the combination of pioglitazone and atorvastatin on long-term alloxan-induced diabetes rats (AIDRs). The exper...Present research was designated to investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the combination of pioglitazone and atorvastatin on long-term alloxan-induced diabetes rats (AIDRs). The experiments were carried out to determine blood glucose level, lipid profile, free radial scavenging activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in liver tissue. In addition, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte size were also determined by histological analysis. It was found that in short-term induction, pioglitazone significantly reduced the blood glucose level without having any considerable effect on lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) in rats. On the other hand, atorvastatin significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with marked increase in the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and improved activity of SOD and catalase enzymes. However, pathological changes of heart and pancreas were not observed after short-term exposure to alloxan in rats. Long-term diabetes induction resulted in LV hypertrophy and prominent shrinkage of islets of Langerhans cells. Treatment with atorvastatin in combination with pioglitazone significantly reduced the LV hypertrophy, TC, TG and LDL level whereas they noticeably increased HDL level, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, SOD and catalase activity with satisfactory recovery of Langerhans cells. The result demonstrated that combination therapy was more effective than that of mono-therapy for preventing diabetes with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rats.展开更多
A field experiment on eco-friendly pest control in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) field was conducted at Rajshahi University during April, 2011 to June, 2011 with eight botanical pesticides prepared from the leaves and ...A field experiment on eco-friendly pest control in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) field was conducted at Rajshahi University during April, 2011 to June, 2011 with eight botanical pesticides prepared from the leaves and seeds of Bangladeshi plants. These botanicals are mahogany seeds, (Swietenia mahagoni), chirata leaves (Swertia chirata), jute seeds (Corchorus olitorius L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), marigold leaves (Tagetes erecta) and carrot leaves (Daucus carota). One control treatment without botanicals was maintained during this experiment where only water was sprayed. Out of these botanicals, a less number of insect attacks on cucumber leaves (1.33 ± 0.19) were found in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata whereas a high number of insect attacks were observed in combined treatment of garlic and jute seed (5.89 ± 0.40) and control (4.66 ± 0.33). Individual application of chirata extract also showed good protection of cucumber leaves (1.67 ± 0.19) from insect attack. A smaller number of leaves perforations were found in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (3.44 ± 0.29) compared to control (14.22 ± 1.05). Chirata extract also showed good performance (4.00 ± 0.19) against leaves perforation of insect. Besides the pest control, botanical pesticides also have enormous effect on plant growth. The tallest cucumber plant was observed in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (469.00 ± 63.51 cm) and shortest in garlic treatment (84.56 ± 15.24 cm). The cucumber production was also high in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (1863.33 ± 196.32 g) compared to control (1260.00 ± 501.63 g). From this study, it is found that combined application of mahogany and chirata extract not only showed good protection of cucumber plant from insect attack but also increased the cucumber production. Therefore, we conclude that farmers should use botanical pesticides from mahogany seeds and chirata leaves instead of toxic chemical insecticides for controlling pest in cucumber field.展开更多
Variceal bleeding is one of the important signs of decompensation in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.It is always a medical emergency and sometimes results in death.Every year many patients die due to acute bleed...Variceal bleeding is one of the important signs of decompensation in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.It is always a medical emergency and sometimes results in death.Every year many patients die due to acute bleeding worldwide.The outcome depends on bleeding and its complications as well as the severity of the underlying liver disease.Careful volume resuscitation,administration of antibiotics and vasoactive drugs,and early endoscopic therapy prevent rebleeding and death.People living in rural areas are first referred to a district hospital from the Upazila health complex for any medical emergency.So,commencing the resuscitation process as well as administration of the vasoactive drug(terlipressin)at the first attending hospital before being referred to a higher center will decrease the mortality in patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding.展开更多
Knowledge of the factors influencing nutrient-limited subtropical maize yield and subsequent prediction is crucial for effective nutrientmanagement,maximizing profitability,ensuring food security,and promoting environ...Knowledge of the factors influencing nutrient-limited subtropical maize yield and subsequent prediction is crucial for effective nutrientmanagement,maximizing profitability,ensuring food security,and promoting environmental sustainability.Weanalyzed data fromnutrient omission plot trials(NOPTs)conducted in 324 farmers'fields across ten agroecological zones(AEZs)in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains(EIGP)of Bangladesh to explain maize yield variability and identify variables controlling nutrient-limited yields.An additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)model was used to explain maize yield variability with nutrient addition.Interpretable machine learning(ML)algorithms in automatic machine learning(AutoML)frameworks were subsequently used to predict attainable yield relative nutrient-limited yield(RY)and to rank variables that control RY.The stack-ensemble model was identified as the best-performing model for predicting RYs of N,P,and Zn.In contrast,deep learning outperformed all base learners for predicting RYK.The best model's square errors(RMSEs)were 0.122,0.105,0.123,and 0.104 for RY_(N),RY_(P),RY_(K),and RY_(Zn),respectively.The permutation-based feature importance technique identified soil pH as the most critical variable controlling RY_(N)and RY_(P).The RY_(K)showed lower in the eastern longitudinal direction.Soil N and Zn were associated with RYZn.The predicted median RY of N,P,K,and Zn,representing average soil fertility,was 0.51,0.84,0.87,and 0.97,accounting for 44,54,54,and 48%upland dry season crop area of Bangladesh,respectively.Efforts are needed to update databases cataloging variability in land type inundation classes,soil characteristics,and INS and combine them with farmers'crop management information to develop more precise nutrient guidelines for maize in the EIGP.展开更多
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide. There is no specific biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Trigly-ceride and glucose index (TyG) may predict the subsequent occurrence of NAFLD in later life. This cross sectional study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) as a possible biomarker of NAFLD. The study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (B中央人民政府), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 124 subjects were taken as study population following selection criteria. Among them 62 were diagnosed patients of NAFLD and 62 were healthy subjects as control group. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and serum triglyceride was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method, while TyG index was calculated accordingly. The mean age was 39.5 ± 11.27 years in NAFLD patients and 37.10 ± 12.28 years in control subjects with male female ratio 1:1.7 and 1:1.8 respectively. Major portion of NAFLD patients (62.9%) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). The mean fasting plasma glucose level was 5.73 ± 1.47 mmol/L in NAFLD patients and 5.27 ± 0.69 mmol/L in control group (p < 0.027). The mean serum triglyceride level was 237.19 ± 96.47 mg/dl in NAFLD patients and 117.32 ± 53.07 mg/dl in control group (p < 0.001). The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) was 9.36 ± 0.47 in NAFLD group and 8.53 ± 0.42 in control group. TyG index was significantly higher in NAFLD patients in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, cut off value of TyG index was 8.85 with sensitivity 93.5% and specificity 79%. As a fast and effective method, TyG index can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict NAFLD.
文摘Fully fashioned knitwear has a problem that the texture and dimension of the garment, consumption and costing cannot be decided until the pattern is sincerely knitted and carried out environs of stipulations involved in the knitting process. The study finds out a total regular consumption, costing system and its parameters that are required to make a cost sheet of knitwear (sweater). The analysis gives the complete manner of sweater costing with the recommended aid of inspecting the elements that have an impact on costs. Required consumption and costing techniques such as yarn, trims, accessories, testing, rate of manufacturing and FOB are on hand in this study about exhibiting a special model of costing. The cost sheet consists of huge costs incurred at an extensive range of tiers of business operations. The analysis intends to show off from received tech pack to closing cost sheet. Therefore, the producers will obtain a sturdy reflection of a sweater costing method. Effective costing suggests the way to exist in this internationally competitive market.
文摘<strong>Purpose of Review:</strong> The management of eye injuries is both difficult and argumentative. This study attempts to highlight the management of ocular trauma using currently available information in the literature and author experience. This review presents a workable framework from the first presentation, epidemiology, classification, investigations, management principles, complications, prognostic factors, final visual outcome and management debates. <strong>Review Findings:</strong> Mechanical ocular trauma is a leading cause of monocular blindness and possible handicap worldwide. Among several classification systems, the most widely accepted is Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). Mechanical ocular trauma is a topic of unsolved controversy. Patching for corneal abrasion, paracentesis for hyphema, the timing of cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation are all issues in anterior segment injuries. Regarding posterior segment controversies, the timing of vitrectomy, use of prophylactic cryotherapy, the necessity of intravitreal antibiotics in the absence of infection, the use of vitrectomy vs vitreous tap in traumatic endophthalmitis is the issues. The pediatric age group needs to be approached by a different protocol due to the risk of amblyopia, intraocular inflammation, and significant vitreoretinal adhesions. The various prognostic factors have a role in the final visual outcome. B scan is used to exclude R.D, Intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and vitreous haemorrhage in hazy media. Individual surgical strategies are used for every patient according to the classification and extent of the injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This article examines relevant evidence on the management challenges and controversies of mechanical trauma of the eye and offers treatment recommendations based on published research and the authors’ own experience.
文摘Background: Nowadays cancer is a buzzword in every corner of the world. Back a few decades, cancer was not that much known to the people of South Asia let alone known of Leukemia. Many countries in the South Asian region are designated as developing countries. Hence, the deficiency of diagnosis system, treatment, management, and lack of knowledge about leukemia in this region are major problems. Therefore, the incidence rate, mortality rate, and several deaths are increasing day by day. Methods: This cross-sectional study is aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of leukemia in South Asian Countries for the year 2020 by acquiring data from the global cancer project (GLOBOCAN2020) accessible at https://gco.iarc.fr. Results: In South Asia, 1,733,573 cancer cases were documented in 2020 where 62,163 cases were leukemia related. The highest incidence rate was reported in Pakistan (4.3 in 1,000,000) and Sri Lanka (4.1 in 1,000,000) and the lowest in Bangladesh (1.8 in 1,000,000) and Nepal (2.0 in 1,000,000). On the other hand, 1,124,875 death had been reported in 2020, where 45,707 (4.1%) death was associated with leukemia. Pakistan (3.4 in 1,000,000) and Maldives (3.1 in 1,000,000) had the highest death and lowest in Bangladesh (1.4 in 1,000,000) and Nepal (1.5 in 1,000,000). Adults aged from 60 - 85 years old have the highest rate of incidence and mortality rate in all countries except Nepal. Conclusions: Leukemia is one of the major concerning cancer of all ages people in South Asia, the situation and related risk factors information can be helpful to reduce death through proper treatment.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(2014R1A2A1A10050821)
文摘In this study, we report the cost-effective and simple synthesis of carbon-coated α-MnOnanoparticles(α-MnO@C) for use as cathodes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) for the first time. α-MnO@C was prepared via a gel formation, using maleic acid(CHO) as the carbon source, followed by annealing at low temperature of 270 °C. A uniform carbon network among the α-MnOnanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscopy. When tested in a zinc cell, the α-MnO@C exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 272 m Ah/g under 66 m A/g current density compared to 213 m Ah/g, at the same current density, displayed by the pristine sample. Further, α-MnO@C demonstrated superior cycleability compared to the pristine samples. This study may pave the way for the utilizing carbon-coated MnOelectrodes for aqueous ZIB applications and thereby contribute to realizing high performance eco-friendly batteries.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini(L.) Skeels(S. cumini) seeds on the major organs in an animal model of diabetes through biochemical and histopathological studies.Methods: The methanolic extracts of S. cumini seeds(100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats daily, with fasting blood glucose levels being measured by glucometry at one-day interval for a duration of two weeks. Biochemical assays to evaluate changes in the functions of the heart, liver,pancreas and kidney were carried out. Histopathological changes in the diabetic rat organs(pancreas, liver, heart, kidney and spleen) were also observed after the 14 days of treatment with the extracts.Results: Oral administration of methanolic extracts of S. cumini seeds(100 and 200 mg/kg body weight), with gliclazide as a positive control(25 mg/kg), showed beneficial effects including lowering blood glucose levels(P < 0.001), improved heart and liver functions, and hyperlipidemia due to diabetes. At 200 mg/kg, the extracts reversed cardiac and liver damage caused by alloxan.Conclusions: In addition to the anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extracts of S. cumini seeds, the extracts demonstrates potential to minimize cardiac and hepatic complications.
基金The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research and King Saud University for funding this researchThe author are also grateful to Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/215),Taif University,Taif,Saudi ArabiaThis research work was also partially supported by the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology,University of Malaya under Postgraduate Research Grant(PG035-2016A).
文摘Underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications.UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking,ocean mine identification,resource exploration,pollution checking,and disaster avoidance.UASN confronts many difficulties and issues,such as low bandwidth,node movements,propagation delay,3D arrangement,energy limitation,and high-cost production and arrangement costs caused by antagonistic underwater situations.Underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs)are considered a major issue being encountered in energy management because of the limited battery power of their nodes.Moreover,the harsh underwater environment requires vendors to design and deploy energy-hungry devices to fulfil the communication requirements and maintain an acceptable quality of service.Moreover,increased transmission power levels result in higher channel interference,thereby increasing packet loss.Considering the facts mentioned above,this research presents a controlled transmission power-based sparsity-aware energy-efficient clustering in UWSNs.The contributions of this technique is threefold.First,it uses the adaptive power control mechanism to utilize the sensor nodes’battery and reduce channel interference effectively.Second,thresholds are defined to ensure successful communication.Third,clustering can be implemented in dense areas to decrease the repetitive transmission that ultimately affects the energy consumption of nodes and interference significantly.Additionally,mobile sinks are deployed to gather information locally to achieve the previously mentioned benefits.The suggested protocol is meticulously examined through extensive simulations and is validated through comparison with other advanced UWSN strategies.Findings show that the suggested protocol outperforms other procedures in terms of network lifetime and packet delivery ratio.
文摘Gas blowout is one of the major hazard in petroleum field which normally damages the gas bearing geologic formation, structure, local tectonic setting, environment and so on. In Bangladesh, there have been three well known gas blowouts. Among them, the most dangerous gas well blowout took place on 8 January 2005 in Sunamganj district when chattak-2 (also known as Tengratila) gas field was drilled. As a result, the surrounding area is facing various problems among them water is the top of the list. From this point of view, the present study has been considered to find the impact of blowout on water around the gas blowout area. In this regard, the water samples (some are very near and some are away from the well) are collected and analyzed in the laboratory following the standard method. Some physical and chemical parameters of water such as pH, turbidity, EC, total solids, dissolved solids, suspended solids, manganese ion, calcium ion, magnesium, iron, chloride and total hardness have measured where without turbidity, manganese and iron, all are still in tolerable state for all purposes and ranging within standard limit based on WHO, EU and EQS for Bangladesh. The quality of the near well tube wells water is much decreased than far away tube wells water which might be the direct or indirect influence of the blowout incident around the area.
文摘Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) is one of the renowned varieties of cattle which is indigenous and most potential type of domestic animal genetic resource in Bangladesh with distinct phenotypic characteristics. Reproductive management might be a process for multiplying this cattle variety. Therefore, the goals of this study were to characterize the follicular waves of RCC and to determine the Progesterone (P4), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) profile during three consecutive estrus cycle. Follicular wave emergence (Day 0) was identified using trans-vaginal ultrasound technique and follicular growth was then monitored from Day 0 to Day 23 during three consecutive estrus cycle and blood samples were collected. After measuring the growth and diameter of the follicles, hormonal assays of collected blood samples were performed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We found that, both RCC cows and heifers showed two waves inter-ovulatory intervals. The length of inter-ovulatory intervals and the diameter of the ovulatory follicle of RCC cows and heifers were slightly different from each other. The identification of the dominant follicle was confirmed from the start of its deviation from other subordinate follicles till it reached to the maximum diameter and identified as dominant follicle which increases linearly for approximately six days (growing phase). This dominant follicle is remained approximately same size for five days (static phase), and then begins to regress (regressing phase) decreasing the antral diameter. The follicular waves are first detectable as 4 - 5 mm follicles approximately at day 0 and day 10 both for RCC cows and heifers which showed two waves inter-ovulatory intervals. The circulating varied concentrations of LH, FSH and P4 were determined using ELISA in case of both cows and heifers and the concentration curves followed the similar pattern of change during the estrus cycle. Hence, the knowledge about ovarian follicular waves will create a base line for reproductive management of RCC as well as to allow reproductive biotechnologies to improve and multiply this cattle variety.
文摘The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of combination of glibenclamide;an antidiabetic drug and simvastatin;a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on long-term (four weeks) alloxan-induced diabetes rats (ADRs). Methods: Alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight, BW) was injected intra-peritonially (i.p.) in rats. At first alloxan (120 mg/kg BW) induced diabetic rats were treated with single dose of glibenclamide (1.2 mg/70kg BW) and simvastatin (10 mg/70kg BW) for two weeks. Then fixed dose combinations of glibenclamide (0.6 mg/70kg BW) and simvastatin (5 mg/70kg BW) were injected along with those of two drugs for four weeks. Results: At first it was found that glibenclamide reduced significant amount of glucose in blood, but it had no significant effect on lipid profile on short term (two weeks) ADRs. In contrast, simvastatin had no effect on blood glucose level, whereas it significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased significant amount of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, pathological changes of pancreas’s Islets of Langerhans were observed only after long-term (four weeks) induction of alloxan in rats. The inhibitory effect of combination therapy on blood glucose, TC, TG and LDL-C level was higher than those of monotherapy alone on long term ADRs. In addition, treatment with combination therapy on long term ADRs showed higher amount of HDL-C level and super oxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity than those with monotherapy. They also decreased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level. Administration of simvastatin recovered Langerhans cells from shrinkage whereas glibenclamide displayed slight recovery. But the combination therapy showed complete recovery of Langerhans cells as compared with diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our present findings suggest that treatment of glibenclamide in combination with simvastatin may be more effective than mono-therapy for preventing diabetes in rats. It may also suggest that this combination may have some beneficial effects on reducing cardiovascular risks from long term diabetes in rats.
文摘Present research was designated to investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the combination of pioglitazone and atorvastatin on long-term alloxan-induced diabetes rats (AIDRs). The experiments were carried out to determine blood glucose level, lipid profile, free radial scavenging activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in liver tissue. In addition, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte size were also determined by histological analysis. It was found that in short-term induction, pioglitazone significantly reduced the blood glucose level without having any considerable effect on lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) in rats. On the other hand, atorvastatin significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with marked increase in the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and improved activity of SOD and catalase enzymes. However, pathological changes of heart and pancreas were not observed after short-term exposure to alloxan in rats. Long-term diabetes induction resulted in LV hypertrophy and prominent shrinkage of islets of Langerhans cells. Treatment with atorvastatin in combination with pioglitazone significantly reduced the LV hypertrophy, TC, TG and LDL level whereas they noticeably increased HDL level, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, SOD and catalase activity with satisfactory recovery of Langerhans cells. The result demonstrated that combination therapy was more effective than that of mono-therapy for preventing diabetes with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rats.
文摘A field experiment on eco-friendly pest control in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) field was conducted at Rajshahi University during April, 2011 to June, 2011 with eight botanical pesticides prepared from the leaves and seeds of Bangladeshi plants. These botanicals are mahogany seeds, (Swietenia mahagoni), chirata leaves (Swertia chirata), jute seeds (Corchorus olitorius L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), marigold leaves (Tagetes erecta) and carrot leaves (Daucus carota). One control treatment without botanicals was maintained during this experiment where only water was sprayed. Out of these botanicals, a less number of insect attacks on cucumber leaves (1.33 ± 0.19) were found in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata whereas a high number of insect attacks were observed in combined treatment of garlic and jute seed (5.89 ± 0.40) and control (4.66 ± 0.33). Individual application of chirata extract also showed good protection of cucumber leaves (1.67 ± 0.19) from insect attack. A smaller number of leaves perforations were found in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (3.44 ± 0.29) compared to control (14.22 ± 1.05). Chirata extract also showed good performance (4.00 ± 0.19) against leaves perforation of insect. Besides the pest control, botanical pesticides also have enormous effect on plant growth. The tallest cucumber plant was observed in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (469.00 ± 63.51 cm) and shortest in garlic treatment (84.56 ± 15.24 cm). The cucumber production was also high in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (1863.33 ± 196.32 g) compared to control (1260.00 ± 501.63 g). From this study, it is found that combined application of mahogany and chirata extract not only showed good protection of cucumber plant from insect attack but also increased the cucumber production. Therefore, we conclude that farmers should use botanical pesticides from mahogany seeds and chirata leaves instead of toxic chemical insecticides for controlling pest in cucumber field.
文摘Variceal bleeding is one of the important signs of decompensation in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.It is always a medical emergency and sometimes results in death.Every year many patients die due to acute bleeding worldwide.The outcome depends on bleeding and its complications as well as the severity of the underlying liver disease.Careful volume resuscitation,administration of antibiotics and vasoactive drugs,and early endoscopic therapy prevent rebleeding and death.People living in rural areas are first referred to a district hospital from the Upazila health complex for any medical emergency.So,commencing the resuscitation process as well as administration of the vasoactive drug(terlipressin)at the first attending hospital before being referred to a higher center will decrease the mortality in patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding.
文摘Knowledge of the factors influencing nutrient-limited subtropical maize yield and subsequent prediction is crucial for effective nutrientmanagement,maximizing profitability,ensuring food security,and promoting environmental sustainability.Weanalyzed data fromnutrient omission plot trials(NOPTs)conducted in 324 farmers'fields across ten agroecological zones(AEZs)in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains(EIGP)of Bangladesh to explain maize yield variability and identify variables controlling nutrient-limited yields.An additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)model was used to explain maize yield variability with nutrient addition.Interpretable machine learning(ML)algorithms in automatic machine learning(AutoML)frameworks were subsequently used to predict attainable yield relative nutrient-limited yield(RY)and to rank variables that control RY.The stack-ensemble model was identified as the best-performing model for predicting RYs of N,P,and Zn.In contrast,deep learning outperformed all base learners for predicting RYK.The best model's square errors(RMSEs)were 0.122,0.105,0.123,and 0.104 for RY_(N),RY_(P),RY_(K),and RY_(Zn),respectively.The permutation-based feature importance technique identified soil pH as the most critical variable controlling RY_(N)and RY_(P).The RY_(K)showed lower in the eastern longitudinal direction.Soil N and Zn were associated with RYZn.The predicted median RY of N,P,K,and Zn,representing average soil fertility,was 0.51,0.84,0.87,and 0.97,accounting for 44,54,54,and 48%upland dry season crop area of Bangladesh,respectively.Efforts are needed to update databases cataloging variability in land type inundation classes,soil characteristics,and INS and combine them with farmers'crop management information to develop more precise nutrient guidelines for maize in the EIGP.
