The purpose of this work is to review the literature on the analytical aspects of pentazocine-induced drug seizures and intoxication,focusing on the pharmacological,forensic,and toxicological perspectives.A literature...The purpose of this work is to review the literature on the analytical aspects of pentazocine-induced drug seizures and intoxication,focusing on the pharmacological,forensic,and toxicological perspectives.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases,for articles published between January 1,2000,and December 31,2023,using the key terms“Pentazocine,”“Detection,”“Identification,”“Toxicology,”“Analysis,”“Matrix,”and“Forensic.”A total of 56 articles were gathered,with 20 duplicates removed.The authors examined the remaining relevant publications.This systematic review comprised 36 publications,with 4 articles being excluded and summarized.The following information was gathered from the articles by the authors:the number of cases and toxicological findings(samples,analytical procedures,and outcomes).This review concluded that with the help of liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction,better,faster,and more accurate methods,among which are potentiometry,gas chromatography(GC),liquid chromatography(LC),GC-mass spectrometric(MS),LC-MS,and MS,have been reported in different matrices.These methods can be used for pharmaceutical,forensic,clinical,and toxicological analyses.展开更多
Conventional analytical methods,such as gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography(LC),ultra-violet,and others,are ineffective in addressing the increasing number of problems in forensic toxicology.Hyph...Conventional analytical methods,such as gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography(LC),ultra-violet,and others,are ineffective in addressing the increasing number of problems in forensic toxicology.Hyphenated analytical methods,wherein the separation method are coupled or combined with spectral methods,with the help of a proper interface,are the available alternative options.The key benefits of these methods are the requisites of low limits for detection,shorter analytical time,the possibility of automation,better reproducibility,and high precision and repeatability.This review discusses on some of the hyphenated analytical methods that involve LC as the separation tool,for their most recent applications in the area of forensic toxicology focusing on the screening of drugs of abuse,the usage of alternative matrices for monitoring drug abuse,analysis of chemical warfare agents,determination of doping agents and related substances,natural toxins,environmental poisons,and examination of food produce adulteration.The incorporation of the more user-friendly LC-interfaces,such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization,and electrospray ionization in the LC-mass spectrometry has increased the popularity of this technique tremendously among scientists of different disciplines.Hyphenated approaches have extremely low constraints regarding the identification and quantification,and offer high reproducibility,with unparalleled potential.展开更多
Troponin is used as the part of today's therapeutic sciences,but is also used in forensics.Studies on troponin and its use in forensic medicine have been retrieved from systematic internet search of databases"...Troponin is used as the part of today's therapeutic sciences,but is also used in forensics.Studies on troponin and its use in forensic medicine have been retrieved from systematic internet search of databases"PubMed","Google Scholar","Medline,"and"Science Direct"with the last search performed in December 2019.A total of 38 publications have been reviewed that met the study criteria and have been cited in this article.Discussions on troponin often relate to its valuable attributes and particularly to its handiness as a diagnostic marker for different coronary heart disease.More specifically,it is a sensitive and specific indicators of damage to the heart muscle(myocardium)."Troponin was established in toxicological examinations as a biomarker of cardiovascular injury induced by drugs.Troponin degrades in a regular and predictable fashion and could be a reliable marker for determining the time and cause of death.In this review,the author outlines the potential application of troponin in forensic science.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this work is to review the literature on the analytical aspects of pentazocine-induced drug seizures and intoxication,focusing on the pharmacological,forensic,and toxicological perspectives.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases,for articles published between January 1,2000,and December 31,2023,using the key terms“Pentazocine,”“Detection,”“Identification,”“Toxicology,”“Analysis,”“Matrix,”and“Forensic.”A total of 56 articles were gathered,with 20 duplicates removed.The authors examined the remaining relevant publications.This systematic review comprised 36 publications,with 4 articles being excluded and summarized.The following information was gathered from the articles by the authors:the number of cases and toxicological findings(samples,analytical procedures,and outcomes).This review concluded that with the help of liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction,better,faster,and more accurate methods,among which are potentiometry,gas chromatography(GC),liquid chromatography(LC),GC-mass spectrometric(MS),LC-MS,and MS,have been reported in different matrices.These methods can be used for pharmaceutical,forensic,clinical,and toxicological analyses.
文摘Conventional analytical methods,such as gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography(LC),ultra-violet,and others,are ineffective in addressing the increasing number of problems in forensic toxicology.Hyphenated analytical methods,wherein the separation method are coupled or combined with spectral methods,with the help of a proper interface,are the available alternative options.The key benefits of these methods are the requisites of low limits for detection,shorter analytical time,the possibility of automation,better reproducibility,and high precision and repeatability.This review discusses on some of the hyphenated analytical methods that involve LC as the separation tool,for their most recent applications in the area of forensic toxicology focusing on the screening of drugs of abuse,the usage of alternative matrices for monitoring drug abuse,analysis of chemical warfare agents,determination of doping agents and related substances,natural toxins,environmental poisons,and examination of food produce adulteration.The incorporation of the more user-friendly LC-interfaces,such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization,and electrospray ionization in the LC-mass spectrometry has increased the popularity of this technique tremendously among scientists of different disciplines.Hyphenated approaches have extremely low constraints regarding the identification and quantification,and offer high reproducibility,with unparalleled potential.
文摘Troponin is used as the part of today's therapeutic sciences,but is also used in forensics.Studies on troponin and its use in forensic medicine have been retrieved from systematic internet search of databases"PubMed","Google Scholar","Medline,"and"Science Direct"with the last search performed in December 2019.A total of 38 publications have been reviewed that met the study criteria and have been cited in this article.Discussions on troponin often relate to its valuable attributes and particularly to its handiness as a diagnostic marker for different coronary heart disease.More specifically,it is a sensitive and specific indicators of damage to the heart muscle(myocardium)."Troponin was established in toxicological examinations as a biomarker of cardiovascular injury induced by drugs.Troponin degrades in a regular and predictable fashion and could be a reliable marker for determining the time and cause of death.In this review,the author outlines the potential application of troponin in forensic science.
