小管福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata是我国南方重要的外来入侵有害生物,目前已在江苏苏州的河道、湖塘等水体中广泛发生,并呈现向北入侵趋势。及时准确地监测小管福寿螺在水体中的入侵扩散是有效防控其为害的关键。传统观察法受其生活史、...小管福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata是我国南方重要的外来入侵有害生物,目前已在江苏苏州的河道、湖塘等水体中广泛发生,并呈现向北入侵趋势。及时准确地监测小管福寿螺在水体中的入侵扩散是有效防控其为害的关键。传统观察法受其生活史、发生状况及环境等影响,难以在入侵早期及时监测。新兴的环境DNA-宏条形码(environmental DNA metabarcoding)技术可实现对入侵生物快速、灵敏的监测。本文分别采用环境DNA-宏条形码技术和传统观察方法对苏州地区河流、湖泊和运河共38个样点的小管福寿螺发生情况进行了检测。结果显示,环境DNA-宏条形码技术检测到小管福寿螺的发生率(92.11%)远高于传统观察法(36.84%)。丰度阈值的设定和水体类型对环境DNA-宏条形码技术的检测结果有一定影响,本研究为今后运用环境DNA-宏条形码技术进行福寿螺入侵监测提供技术支持。展开更多
Application of organic waste to saline alkaline soils is considered to be a good practice for soil remediation. The effects of applying different organic amendments （e.g., cattle dung, vermicompost, biofertilizer） a...Application of organic waste to saline alkaline soils is considered to be a good practice for soil remediation. The effects of applying different organic amendments （e.g., cattle dung, vermicompost, biofertilizer） and earthworm inoculations （Eisenia fetida） on saline soils and cotton growth were investigated during i year of cotton cultivation. Compared to the control （applied with inorganic NPK fertilizer）, applying organic amendments improved soil physicochemical properties. Biofertilizer application improved available nutrient content, reduced short-term soil electrical conductivity, and produced the highest cotton yield, whereas cattle dung and vermicompost applications resulted in higher soil organic matter content. Application of organic amendments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon during the flowering period, which sharply declined at harvest. This was especially true for the biofertilizer treatment, which also exhibited lower nematode abundance compared with the other organic materials. Earthworm inoculation following cattle dung application failed to significantly change soil physicochemical properties when compared to the treatments without earthworm inoculation. Results suggest that biofertilizer application to saline soil would improve soil nutrient status in the short-term, whereas cattle dung application would improve soil organic matter content and increase soil organism abundance to a greater extent. However, different strategies might be required for long-term saline soil remediation.展开更多
文摘小管福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata是我国南方重要的外来入侵有害生物,目前已在江苏苏州的河道、湖塘等水体中广泛发生,并呈现向北入侵趋势。及时准确地监测小管福寿螺在水体中的入侵扩散是有效防控其为害的关键。传统观察法受其生活史、发生状况及环境等影响,难以在入侵早期及时监测。新兴的环境DNA-宏条形码(environmental DNA metabarcoding)技术可实现对入侵生物快速、灵敏的监测。本文分别采用环境DNA-宏条形码技术和传统观察方法对苏州地区河流、湖泊和运河共38个样点的小管福寿螺发生情况进行了检测。结果显示,环境DNA-宏条形码技术检测到小管福寿螺的发生率(92.11%)远高于传统观察法(36.84%)。丰度阈值的设定和水体类型对环境DNA-宏条形码技术的检测结果有一定影响,本研究为今后运用环境DNA-宏条形码技术进行福寿螺入侵监测提供技术支持。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41371305)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFD0202000)
文摘Application of organic waste to saline alkaline soils is considered to be a good practice for soil remediation. The effects of applying different organic amendments （e.g., cattle dung, vermicompost, biofertilizer） and earthworm inoculations （Eisenia fetida） on saline soils and cotton growth were investigated during i year of cotton cultivation. Compared to the control （applied with inorganic NPK fertilizer）, applying organic amendments improved soil physicochemical properties. Biofertilizer application improved available nutrient content, reduced short-term soil electrical conductivity, and produced the highest cotton yield, whereas cattle dung and vermicompost applications resulted in higher soil organic matter content. Application of organic amendments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon during the flowering period, which sharply declined at harvest. This was especially true for the biofertilizer treatment, which also exhibited lower nematode abundance compared with the other organic materials. Earthworm inoculation following cattle dung application failed to significantly change soil physicochemical properties when compared to the treatments without earthworm inoculation. Results suggest that biofertilizer application to saline soil would improve soil nutrient status in the short-term, whereas cattle dung application would improve soil organic matter content and increase soil organism abundance to a greater extent. However, different strategies might be required for long-term saline soil remediation.
