Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality.Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP.This study sought to study the expression stability of...Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality.Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP.This study sought to study the expression stability of several reference genes in the golden Syrian hamster,a model of AP.Methods:AP was induced in golden Syrian hamster by intraperitoneal injection of ethanol(1.35 g/kg)and palmitoleic acid(2 mg/kg).The expression of candidate genes,including Actb,Gapdh,Eef2,Ywhaz,Rps18,Hprt1,Tubb,Rpl13a,Nono,and B2m,in hamster pancreas at different time points(1,3,6,9,and 24 h)posttreatment was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expression stability of these genes was calculated using Best Keeper,Comprehensive Delta CT,Norm Finder,and ge Norm algorithms and Ref Finder software.Results:Our results show that the expression of these reference genes fluctuated during AP,of which Ywhaz and Gapdh were the most stable genes,whereas Tubb,Eef2,and Actb were the least stable genes.Furthermore,these genes were used to normalize the expression of TNF-αmessenger ribonucleic acid in inflamed pancreas.Conclusions:In conclusion,Ywhaz and Gapdh were suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in AP induced in Syrian hamster.展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of cooking-related particle size distributions in real-world settings are not fully understood.Through a real-world campaign in a naturally-ventilated apartment in the northwest US,this stu...The dynamic characteristics of cooking-related particle size distributions in real-world settings are not fully understood.Through a real-world campaign in a naturally-ventilated apartment in the northwest US,this study investigates the temporal profiles of size-resolved particle number concentrations(PNCs)ranging from 0.3 to 10µm from frying cooking activities.The cooking scenarios included various combinations of window ventilation,venting range hood(VRH)use,and portable air cleaner(PAC)utilization.Following a standardized pan-frying protocol throughout seven scenarios,real-time PNCs of 16-size bins were measured in the kitchen.The PNCs were empirically compared among size bins,periods,and scenarios.The most abundant size ranges of cooking-related particles were 0.3–0.579µm in number(45%–71%of the total)and 2.685–5.182µm in mass(48%–57%of the total).Compared with the scenario without any cooking-fume mitigating measures,keeping the kitchen windows open reduced the mean PNCs during and within 1-h after cooking for PM_(0.3-2.5),PM_(2.5-10),and PM_(0.3-10)by 78%,92%,and 79%,respectively.By contrast,utilizing a VRH during cooking reduced the corresponding levels by 21%,69%,and 25%,respectively.Combined with running the VRH,using a PAC in the kitchen led to additional reductions of 84%,88%,and 84%,respectively.Additionally,the removal efficiencies of the three strategies generally increased with particle sizes.展开更多
This paper presents an AC coupling ultrasound analog front-end(AFE)architecture with a three-stage DC offset correction(DCOC)circuit.In ultrasound systems,the low noise amplifier(LNA),time gain control(TGC),and low pa...This paper presents an AC coupling ultrasound analog front-end(AFE)architecture with a three-stage DC offset correction(DCOC)circuit.In ultrasound systems,the low noise amplifier(LNA),time gain control(TGC),and low pass filter(LPF)constitute the AFE,which achieves low noise,time-varying gain compensation,and filtering for the received ultrasound signal.The inherent asymmetry in LNA,layout asymmetry and the process variation introduce DC offset and the TGC changes it into low-frequency offset drift.The proposed DCOC circuit for LNA is composed of a transconductance amplifier and an off-chip capacitor,while a fully differential operational amplifier and a pseudo resistor are used for other amplification stages.The AC coupling scheme is also used to reduce the offset and drift.The simulation result shows when the DCOC and the AC coupling are adopted,the offset and drift are almost perfectly suppressed.The proposed AFE has been fabricated by a 28-nm CMOS process,and it achieves an 85 dB gain range with low input-referred noise of 2.43 nV/√Hz at 5 MHz,and it also has a tunable bandwidth of 15/30 MHz and switchable input impedance of 50/100 ohms.展开更多
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021T140184Program for Science Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:23HASTIT045Scientific Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialized in Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:2022ZY1172。
文摘Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality.Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP.This study sought to study the expression stability of several reference genes in the golden Syrian hamster,a model of AP.Methods:AP was induced in golden Syrian hamster by intraperitoneal injection of ethanol(1.35 g/kg)and palmitoleic acid(2 mg/kg).The expression of candidate genes,including Actb,Gapdh,Eef2,Ywhaz,Rps18,Hprt1,Tubb,Rpl13a,Nono,and B2m,in hamster pancreas at different time points(1,3,6,9,and 24 h)posttreatment was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expression stability of these genes was calculated using Best Keeper,Comprehensive Delta CT,Norm Finder,and ge Norm algorithms and Ref Finder software.Results:Our results show that the expression of these reference genes fluctuated during AP,of which Ywhaz and Gapdh were the most stable genes,whereas Tubb,Eef2,and Actb were the least stable genes.Furthermore,these genes were used to normalize the expression of TNF-αmessenger ribonucleic acid in inflamed pancreas.Conclusions:In conclusion,Ywhaz and Gapdh were suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in AP induced in Syrian hamster.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(22qntd4308)a special fund of Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control(No.BZ0344KF21-05)State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex(No.SCAPC202106).
文摘The dynamic characteristics of cooking-related particle size distributions in real-world settings are not fully understood.Through a real-world campaign in a naturally-ventilated apartment in the northwest US,this study investigates the temporal profiles of size-resolved particle number concentrations(PNCs)ranging from 0.3 to 10µm from frying cooking activities.The cooking scenarios included various combinations of window ventilation,venting range hood(VRH)use,and portable air cleaner(PAC)utilization.Following a standardized pan-frying protocol throughout seven scenarios,real-time PNCs of 16-size bins were measured in the kitchen.The PNCs were empirically compared among size bins,periods,and scenarios.The most abundant size ranges of cooking-related particles were 0.3–0.579µm in number(45%–71%of the total)and 2.685–5.182µm in mass(48%–57%of the total).Compared with the scenario without any cooking-fume mitigating measures,keeping the kitchen windows open reduced the mean PNCs during and within 1-h after cooking for PM_(0.3-2.5),PM_(2.5-10),and PM_(0.3-10)by 78%,92%,and 79%,respectively.By contrast,utilizing a VRH during cooking reduced the corresponding levels by 21%,69%,and 25%,respectively.Combined with running the VRH,using a PAC in the kitchen led to additional reductions of 84%,88%,and 84%,respectively.Additionally,the removal efficiencies of the three strategies generally increased with particle sizes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project under Grant 2020YFC0122101.
文摘This paper presents an AC coupling ultrasound analog front-end(AFE)architecture with a three-stage DC offset correction(DCOC)circuit.In ultrasound systems,the low noise amplifier(LNA),time gain control(TGC),and low pass filter(LPF)constitute the AFE,which achieves low noise,time-varying gain compensation,and filtering for the received ultrasound signal.The inherent asymmetry in LNA,layout asymmetry and the process variation introduce DC offset and the TGC changes it into low-frequency offset drift.The proposed DCOC circuit for LNA is composed of a transconductance amplifier and an off-chip capacitor,while a fully differential operational amplifier and a pseudo resistor are used for other amplification stages.The AC coupling scheme is also used to reduce the offset and drift.The simulation result shows when the DCOC and the AC coupling are adopted,the offset and drift are almost perfectly suppressed.The proposed AFE has been fabricated by a 28-nm CMOS process,and it achieves an 85 dB gain range with low input-referred noise of 2.43 nV/√Hz at 5 MHz,and it also has a tunable bandwidth of 15/30 MHz and switchable input impedance of 50/100 ohms.
