Engineering construction has major influence on the permafrost environment.This paper analyzes the interaction between engineering construction and permafrost environment along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway(simply,CMR) ba...Engineering construction has major influence on the permafrost environment.This paper analyzes the interaction between engineering construction and permafrost environment along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway(simply,CMR) based on the press-state-response(PSR) framework.The permafrost environmental system is divided into three subsystems,consisting of permafrost thermal stability,proneness to the freeze-thawing erosion and permafrost ecological fragility.Each subsystem considers its most important influencing factors.Catastrophe Progression Method(CPM) is applied to calculate the current environment condition along the railway.The result indicates that:(1) as far as the thermal stability is concerned,most sections along the CMR are mainly concentrated in rank Ⅲ(fair situation),and a few in Ⅱ(good situation) and Ⅳ(bad situation),respectively;(2) for the proneness tothe freeze-thawing erosion,the entire railway route falls largely in rank Ⅱ(good situation);(3) along the CMR,the ecological fragility of the permafrost environment is in rank Ⅱ(good situation),or slightly fragile;(4) overall,the permafrost environments along the CMR are in rank Ⅲ(fair situation) or Ⅱcondition(good situation).In general,the permafrost environment along the CMR is fair.It is mainly because a series of active measures of protecting permafrost were taken for stabilizing the CMR foundation soils.On the one hand,we should try our best to minimize the influences that engineering activities have exerted on ecology and environment,on the other hand,the positive measures have made improvements to prevent the permafrost environment from deterioration.展开更多
目的:探讨应用每日目标管理路径指导胰腺术后患者早期经口进食的效果。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年12月北京市某三级甲等医院基本外科行择期/限期胰腺加速康复外科(Enhanced Recovery After Surgery,ERAS)手术的60例患者为实验组,采用...目的:探讨应用每日目标管理路径指导胰腺术后患者早期经口进食的效果。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年12月北京市某三级甲等医院基本外科行择期/限期胰腺加速康复外科(Enhanced Recovery After Surgery,ERAS)手术的60例患者为实验组,采用每日目标管理路径指导胰腺术后患者早期经口进食;选择2017年1月至2018年12月行择期/限期胰腺ERAS手术的60例患者作为对照组,查阅病例进行回顾,比较两组患者术后胃肠功能恢复相关指标及术后并发症发生率。结果:实验组患者与对照组相比,术后胃排空障碍的发生率明显降低(P=0.038),术后恢复流食时间缩短(P=0.015),术后住院时间减少(P=0.024)。结论:在循证医学的基础上建立每日康复量化目标,可以激发患者完成术后快速康复目标的决心,帮助有效落实ERAS理念下的早期经口进食措施,促进胰腺术后患者胃肠功能恢复,缩短住院时间。展开更多
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No.2013CBA01803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41271084 and 41501079)+1 种基金the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2015M582724 and 2016T90962)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Research Program (No.KZZD-EW-13)
文摘Engineering construction has major influence on the permafrost environment.This paper analyzes the interaction between engineering construction and permafrost environment along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway(simply,CMR) based on the press-state-response(PSR) framework.The permafrost environmental system is divided into three subsystems,consisting of permafrost thermal stability,proneness to the freeze-thawing erosion and permafrost ecological fragility.Each subsystem considers its most important influencing factors.Catastrophe Progression Method(CPM) is applied to calculate the current environment condition along the railway.The result indicates that:(1) as far as the thermal stability is concerned,most sections along the CMR are mainly concentrated in rank Ⅲ(fair situation),and a few in Ⅱ(good situation) and Ⅳ(bad situation),respectively;(2) for the proneness tothe freeze-thawing erosion,the entire railway route falls largely in rank Ⅱ(good situation);(3) along the CMR,the ecological fragility of the permafrost environment is in rank Ⅱ(good situation),or slightly fragile;(4) overall,the permafrost environments along the CMR are in rank Ⅲ(fair situation) or Ⅱcondition(good situation).In general,the permafrost environment along the CMR is fair.It is mainly because a series of active measures of protecting permafrost were taken for stabilizing the CMR foundation soils.On the one hand,we should try our best to minimize the influences that engineering activities have exerted on ecology and environment,on the other hand,the positive measures have made improvements to prevent the permafrost environment from deterioration.
文摘目的:探讨应用每日目标管理路径指导胰腺术后患者早期经口进食的效果。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年12月北京市某三级甲等医院基本外科行择期/限期胰腺加速康复外科(Enhanced Recovery After Surgery,ERAS)手术的60例患者为实验组,采用每日目标管理路径指导胰腺术后患者早期经口进食;选择2017年1月至2018年12月行择期/限期胰腺ERAS手术的60例患者作为对照组,查阅病例进行回顾,比较两组患者术后胃肠功能恢复相关指标及术后并发症发生率。结果:实验组患者与对照组相比,术后胃排空障碍的发生率明显降低(P=0.038),术后恢复流食时间缩短(P=0.015),术后住院时间减少(P=0.024)。结论:在循证医学的基础上建立每日康复量化目标,可以激发患者完成术后快速康复目标的决心,帮助有效落实ERAS理念下的早期经口进食措施,促进胰腺术后患者胃肠功能恢复,缩短住院时间。
