利用1979-2018年辽宁省逐月风速资料和再分析资料,结合卫星遥感分类方法,并采用UMR(urban minus rural)方法和OMR(observation minus reanalysis)方法定量分析了城市化对辽宁省近地面风速的影响。研究表明:近40年辽宁省年和四季风速均...利用1979-2018年辽宁省逐月风速资料和再分析资料,结合卫星遥感分类方法,并采用UMR(urban minus rural)方法和OMR(observation minus reanalysis)方法定量分析了城市化对辽宁省近地面风速的影响。研究表明:近40年辽宁省年和四季风速均呈减小趋势,城市站的减小速率明显快于乡村站,UMR值的变化趋势为-0.11 m·s^-1·(10 a)^-1,城市化影响贡献率为73.3%;空间分布上,辽宁中北部城市群减小趋势较明显,南部和东南部风速减小相对缓慢;UMR方法计算的城市化影响呈现自西向东逐渐增强的纬向分布形势。再分析资料的减小趋势与乡村站的减小趋势较接近,春季风速的减小速率最明显;OMR值的变化趋势为-0.10 m·s^-1·(10 a)^-1,对应的城市化影响贡献率为66.7%,利用两种方法计算得到的城市化影响和贡献率较一致,均能在一定程度上反映城市化对风速的影响。空间分布上,再分析资料显示渤海海峡风速呈微弱增加趋势,风速减小的高值区位于渤海北部和黄海北部。两种方法计算的城市化影响空间分布均呈现为西部和南部受城市化影响较小、中东部受城市化影响较大,一致性较好。展开更多
Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM10,...Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO) in Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration(CLUA) and Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration(HCUA) in NEC Plain were analyzed in this study based on three-year hourly observations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from 2015 to 2017.The results indicated that the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants are generally higher in the middle and southern regions in NEC Plain and lower in the northern region.Megacities such as Shenyang, Harbin and Changchun experience severe air pollution, with a three-year averaged air quality index(AQI) larger than 80, far exceeding the daily AQI standard at the first-level of 50 in China.The annual mean PM and SO2 concentrations decrease most significantly in NEC urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2017, followed by CO and NO2, while O3 shows a slight increasing trend.All the six pollutants exhibit obvious seasonal and diurnal variations, and these variations are dictated by local emission and meteorological conditions.PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in NEC urban agglomerations strongly depend on wind conditions.High O3 concentrations at different cities usually occur in presence of strong winds but are independent on wind direction(WD), while high PM2.5 is usually accompanied by weak winds and poor dispersion condition, and sometimes also occur when the northerly or southerly winds are strong.Regional transport of air pollutants between NEC urban agglomerations is common.A severe haze event on November 1–4, 2017 is examined to demonstrate the role of regional transport on pollution.展开更多
长白山阔叶红松林是我国目前温带面积最大、保护最为完整的森林生态系统之一。森林凋落物作为森林地上净生产量回归土壤的主要方式,是森林生态系统养分归还的重要途径。森林凋落物研究对于理解森林碳循环以及预测其对气候变化的响应都...长白山阔叶红松林是我国目前温带面积最大、保护最为完整的森林生态系统之一。森林凋落物作为森林地上净生产量回归土壤的主要方式,是森林生态系统养分归还的重要途径。森林凋落物研究对于理解森林碳循环以及预测其对气候变化的响应都有着极为重要的意义。作为中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)和国家野外科学观测研究站网络(National Ecosystem Research Network of China,CNERN)成员,长白山森林生态系统定位研究站按照CERN的统一规范,在长白山阔叶红松林野外永久样地安装10个凋落物框,长期对其进行凋落物回收量监测。本数据集通过整理和统计,汇总了2011-2020年长白山阔叶红松林凋落物各组分(枯枝、枯叶、落果(花)、树皮、苔藓地衣及杂物的干重)回收量月动态及现存量年动态数据,并包含了相关的数据集构建过程信息,数据集可为森林生态和土壤研究提供基础。展开更多
Large-eddy simulations are conducted to investigate the impacts of the scale of chessboard-like heteroge- neous surface heating and the background wind on secondary circulations （SCs） in the convective boundary lay...Large-eddy simulations are conducted to investigate the impacts of the scale of chessboard-like heteroge- neous surface heating and the background wind on secondary circulations （SCs） in the convective boundary layer （CBL）. When the wind blows along the diagonal of the chessboard pattern, the cases with different heterogeneity length scales （λ = 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 km） and weak background wind （U = 2.5 m s-1） suggest that there exists a threshold for the roll-like SCs, which is satisfied when the heterogeneity length scale is 1.6 times the boundary layer height （λ = 1.6zi）. During the CBL development, the SC intensity increases before this threshold is met, whereas it decreases thereafter. The cases with different background wind speeds （U = 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 m s-1） and relatively large heterogeneity length scale （λ = 4.8 km） show that the SCs are strengthened by larger wind speeds when the heterogeneity length scale is so large that the threshold cannot be met during the CBL development. Another case with wind direction along neither the diagonal nor the side of the chessboard pattern shows that the roll-like SCs can still be triggered, but the roll axes are orientated along the diagonal of the chessboard pattern rather than along the wind direction.展开更多
文摘利用1979-2018年辽宁省逐月风速资料和再分析资料,结合卫星遥感分类方法,并采用UMR(urban minus rural)方法和OMR(observation minus reanalysis)方法定量分析了城市化对辽宁省近地面风速的影响。研究表明:近40年辽宁省年和四季风速均呈减小趋势,城市站的减小速率明显快于乡村站,UMR值的变化趋势为-0.11 m·s^-1·(10 a)^-1,城市化影响贡献率为73.3%;空间分布上,辽宁中北部城市群减小趋势较明显,南部和东南部风速减小相对缓慢;UMR方法计算的城市化影响呈现自西向东逐渐增强的纬向分布形势。再分析资料的减小趋势与乡村站的减小趋势较接近,春季风速的减小速率最明显;OMR值的变化趋势为-0.10 m·s^-1·(10 a)^-1,对应的城市化影响贡献率为66.7%,利用两种方法计算得到的城市化影响和贡献率较一致,均能在一定程度上反映城市化对风速的影响。空间分布上,再分析资料显示渤海海峡风速呈微弱增加趋势,风速减小的高值区位于渤海北部和黄海北部。两种方法计算的城市化影响空间分布均呈现为西部和南部受城市化影响较小、中东部受城市化影响较大,一致性较好。
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0212301,2016YFC0203304)Basic Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.2018SYIAEZD4)+3 种基金Program of Liaoning Meteorological Office(No.201904,D201603)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41730647)Program of Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry,China Meteorological Administration(No.2017B02)Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20170520359)
文摘Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO) in Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration(CLUA) and Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration(HCUA) in NEC Plain were analyzed in this study based on three-year hourly observations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from 2015 to 2017.The results indicated that the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants are generally higher in the middle and southern regions in NEC Plain and lower in the northern region.Megacities such as Shenyang, Harbin and Changchun experience severe air pollution, with a three-year averaged air quality index(AQI) larger than 80, far exceeding the daily AQI standard at the first-level of 50 in China.The annual mean PM and SO2 concentrations decrease most significantly in NEC urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2017, followed by CO and NO2, while O3 shows a slight increasing trend.All the six pollutants exhibit obvious seasonal and diurnal variations, and these variations are dictated by local emission and meteorological conditions.PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in NEC urban agglomerations strongly depend on wind conditions.High O3 concentrations at different cities usually occur in presence of strong winds but are independent on wind direction(WD), while high PM2.5 is usually accompanied by weak winds and poor dispersion condition, and sometimes also occur when the northerly or southerly winds are strong.Regional transport of air pollutants between NEC urban agglomerations is common.A severe haze event on November 1–4, 2017 is examined to demonstrate the role of regional transport on pollution.
文摘长白山阔叶红松林是我国目前温带面积最大、保护最为完整的森林生态系统之一。森林凋落物作为森林地上净生产量回归土壤的主要方式,是森林生态系统养分归还的重要途径。森林凋落物研究对于理解森林碳循环以及预测其对气候变化的响应都有着极为重要的意义。作为中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)和国家野外科学观测研究站网络(National Ecosystem Research Network of China,CNERN)成员,长白山森林生态系统定位研究站按照CERN的统一规范,在长白山阔叶红松林野外永久样地安装10个凋落物框,长期对其进行凋落物回收量监测。本数据集通过整理和统计,汇总了2011-2020年长白山阔叶红松林凋落物各组分(枯枝、枯叶、落果(花)、树皮、苔藓地衣及杂物的干重)回收量月动态及现存量年动态数据,并包含了相关的数据集构建过程信息,数据集可为森林生态和土壤研究提供基础。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475012 and 40975004)National Key Basic Research and Development(973)Program of China(2010CB428501)
文摘Large-eddy simulations are conducted to investigate the impacts of the scale of chessboard-like heteroge- neous surface heating and the background wind on secondary circulations （SCs） in the convective boundary layer （CBL）. When the wind blows along the diagonal of the chessboard pattern, the cases with different heterogeneity length scales （λ = 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 km） and weak background wind （U = 2.5 m s-1） suggest that there exists a threshold for the roll-like SCs, which is satisfied when the heterogeneity length scale is 1.6 times the boundary layer height （λ = 1.6zi）. During the CBL development, the SC intensity increases before this threshold is met, whereas it decreases thereafter. The cases with different background wind speeds （U = 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 m s-1） and relatively large heterogeneity length scale （λ = 4.8 km） show that the SCs are strengthened by larger wind speeds when the heterogeneity length scale is so large that the threshold cannot be met during the CBL development. Another case with wind direction along neither the diagonal nor the side of the chessboard pattern shows that the roll-like SCs can still be triggered, but the roll axes are orientated along the diagonal of the chessboard pattern rather than along the wind direction.
