Upon activation, naive T-helper cells can differentiate into two major distinct subsets, T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2), as defined by their effector functions and cytokine secretion patterns. Cytokine milieu a...Upon activation, naive T-helper cells can differentiate into two major distinct subsets, T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2), as defined by their effector functions and cytokine secretion patterns. Cytokine milieu and costimulatory molecules have been shown to play an essential role in determining T helper differentiation. However, it is still unclear how the effects of signals of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines are exerted during T helper differentiation. We show evidence suggesting that while cytokine signals initiate differentiation program, the selective action of death effectors determines the endpoint balance of differenti-展开更多
A new subset of T helper namely T helper x (Thx) was differentiated ex vivo from spleens by primary activation with α-CD3 and α-CD28 and later differentiated in the presence of α-IL-4, α-IFN and α-IL-12. Thx cell...A new subset of T helper namely T helper x (Thx) was differentiated ex vivo from spleens by primary activation with α-CD3 and α-CD28 and later differentiated in the presence of α-IL-4, α-IFN and α-IL-12. Thx cells exhibit characteristic cell surface markers and intracellular cytokines patterns. These cells are extremely sensitive to reactivation-induced apoptosis. We further compared death pathways in all the T Helper cells that we had differentiated and found that Thl cells exhibited a Fas-FasL/ caspase dependent apoptotic pathway, Th2 cells died by a pathway independent of Fas/FasL and caspase 8. α-FasL antibody, ZVAD and TR6 were able to rescue Th1 cells from apoptosis confirming that Thl cells die展开更多
文摘Upon activation, naive T-helper cells can differentiate into two major distinct subsets, T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2), as defined by their effector functions and cytokine secretion patterns. Cytokine milieu and costimulatory molecules have been shown to play an essential role in determining T helper differentiation. However, it is still unclear how the effects of signals of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines are exerted during T helper differentiation. We show evidence suggesting that while cytokine signals initiate differentiation program, the selective action of death effectors determines the endpoint balance of differenti-
文摘A new subset of T helper namely T helper x (Thx) was differentiated ex vivo from spleens by primary activation with α-CD3 and α-CD28 and later differentiated in the presence of α-IL-4, α-IFN and α-IL-12. Thx cells exhibit characteristic cell surface markers and intracellular cytokines patterns. These cells are extremely sensitive to reactivation-induced apoptosis. We further compared death pathways in all the T Helper cells that we had differentiated and found that Thl cells exhibited a Fas-FasL/ caspase dependent apoptotic pathway, Th2 cells died by a pathway independent of Fas/FasL and caspase 8. α-FasL antibody, ZVAD and TR6 were able to rescue Th1 cells from apoptosis confirming that Thl cells die
