Cold-formed steel structures are steel structure products constructed from sheets or coils using cold rolling, press brake or bending brake method. These structures are extensively employed in building construction in...Cold-formed steel structures are steel structure products constructed from sheets or coils using cold rolling, press brake or bending brake method. These structures are extensively employed in building construction industry due to their light mass, ductility by economic cold forming operations, favorable strength-to-mass ratio and other factors. The utilization of cold formed steel sections with concrete as composite can hugely reduce the construction cost. However, the use of cold formed steel members in composite concrete beams has been very limited. A comprehensive review of developments in composite beam with cold formed steel sections was introduced. It was revealed that employing cold-formed steel channel section to replace reinforcement bars in conventional reinforced concrete beam results in a significant cost reduction without reducing strength capacity. The use of composite beam consisting of cold-formed steel open or close box and filled concrete could also reduce construction cost. Lighter composite girder for bridges with cold-formed steel of U section was introduced. Moreover, types of shear connectors to provide composite action between cold-formed steel beam and concrete slab were presented. However, further studies to investigate the effects of metal decking on the behavior of composite beam with cold-formed steel section and introduction of ductile shear connectors were recommended.展开更多
Structural,elastic,electronic,chemical bonding and optical properties of the cubic RbPbF 3 compound under pres-sure are studied using a highly accurate state-of-the-art full potential linearized augmented plane wave m...Structural,elastic,electronic,chemical bonding and optical properties of the cubic RbPbF 3 compound under pres-sure are studied using a highly accurate state-of-the-art full potential linearized augmented plane wave method.The exchange correlation effects are included through the generalized gradient and modified Becke–Johnson ex-change potential.The lattice constant and band gap of the cubic RbPbF 3 decreases with enhanced pressure.RbPbF 3 is brittle,elastically anisotropic,and a direct bandgap material.Its optical properties such as refractive index𝑜(ω),extinction coefficient𝑙(ω),reflectivity𝑆(ω),and optical conductivity𝜏(ω)are predicted.展开更多
文摘Cold-formed steel structures are steel structure products constructed from sheets or coils using cold rolling, press brake or bending brake method. These structures are extensively employed in building construction industry due to their light mass, ductility by economic cold forming operations, favorable strength-to-mass ratio and other factors. The utilization of cold formed steel sections with concrete as composite can hugely reduce the construction cost. However, the use of cold formed steel members in composite concrete beams has been very limited. A comprehensive review of developments in composite beam with cold formed steel sections was introduced. It was revealed that employing cold-formed steel channel section to replace reinforcement bars in conventional reinforced concrete beam results in a significant cost reduction without reducing strength capacity. The use of composite beam consisting of cold-formed steel open or close box and filled concrete could also reduce construction cost. Lighter composite girder for bridges with cold-formed steel of U section was introduced. Moreover, types of shear connectors to provide composite action between cold-formed steel beam and concrete slab were presented. However, further studies to investigate the effects of metal decking on the behavior of composite beam with cold-formed steel section and introduction of ductile shear connectors were recommended.
基金Supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University under Grant No RPG-VPP-088.
文摘Structural,elastic,electronic,chemical bonding and optical properties of the cubic RbPbF 3 compound under pres-sure are studied using a highly accurate state-of-the-art full potential linearized augmented plane wave method.The exchange correlation effects are included through the generalized gradient and modified Becke–Johnson ex-change potential.The lattice constant and band gap of the cubic RbPbF 3 decreases with enhanced pressure.RbPbF 3 is brittle,elastically anisotropic,and a direct bandgap material.Its optical properties such as refractive index𝑜(ω),extinction coefficient𝑙(ω),reflectivity𝑆(ω),and optical conductivity𝜏(ω)are predicted.
