The Fifth-Generation(5G)cellular and wireless communication envisage to integrate multiple technologies to provide a wide range of applications.The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology(ICT)needs a ...The Fifth-Generation(5G)cellular and wireless communication envisage to integrate multiple technologies to provide a wide range of applications.The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology(ICT)needs a common cellular platform to increase the network’s extensibility and adaptability.The Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)offers a scalable and flexible Base Station(BS)architecture for the next-generation wireless and mobile networks,where the BS functionality is split into a distributed radio unit known as Remote Radio Head(RRH)and a Centralized BaseBand Unit(C-BBU).To further make the C-BBU scalable and flexible,the baseband signal processing is carried out over a virtualized platform.The load at the RRH and C-BBU can vary from under-loaded to overloaded conditions which increase the power consumption and degrade the Quality-of-Service(QoS)of the C-RAN.In this paper,we formulate under-loaded and overloaded conditions at the RRH and the C-BBU,and propose a Co-operative Load Balancing(CLB)algorithm for handling the cellular traffic in real-time under different load conditions.The proposed CLB aims to maximize the utilization of hardware resources at the RRH and C-BBU.The CLB algorithm is compared with CDI,CZ,NDLB,DLB in the first phase for the RF load balancing.In the second phase of simulation,CLB is compared with the FCFS,IWRR,OLB,GP and TLB algorithms for server(C-BBU)load balancing.The parameters considered for comparison are:User Entity(UE)waiting time,blocking probability and processing time at the RRH and the C-BBU.Simulation results show that the use of co-operative load balancing technique improves the QoS in the C-RAN by reducing the blocking probability and UE waiting time.The CLB algorithm is validated with LTE TU-Vienna and cloudSim simulators for the RRH and the C-BBU,respectively.展开更多
We study the properties of proton rich nuclei reported as proton emitters in the region from I to Bi with Z =53 to 83 and N = 56 to 102 as a crucial application to the existence of exotic nuclei. The effective relativ...We study the properties of proton rich nuclei reported as proton emitters in the region from I to Bi with Z =53 to 83 and N = 56 to 102 as a crucial application to the existence of exotic nuclei. The effective relativistic meanfield formalism(E-RMF), with NL3, FSUGarnet, G3 and IOPB-I interactions, is adopted for analysis of the ground state properties of proton emitters. Furthermore, in the E-RMF background, the Wentzel-Karmers-Brillouin(WKB)barrier penetration method is used for the calculation of proton emission half-lives. It is found that the calculated halflives are in good agreement with the experimental results for all emitters considered in this study.展开更多
Based on the current measurement of the neutron distribution radius(R_(n))of ^(208)Pb from the PREX-2 data,we revisited the recently developed G3 and IOPB-I force parameters by fine-tuning some specific couplings with...Based on the current measurement of the neutron distribution radius(R_(n))of ^(208)Pb from the PREX-2 data,we revisited the recently developed G3 and IOPB-I force parameters by fine-tuning some specific couplings within the relativistic mean-field(RMF)model.Theω-ρ-mesons coupling and theρ-meson coupling are constrained to the experimental neutron radius of^(208)Pb without compromising the bulk properties of finite nuclei and infinite nuclear matter observables.The modified parameter sets are applied to calculate the gross properties of finite nuclei such as binding energies,charge distributions,nuclear radii,pairing gaps,and single-particle energies.The root-mean-square deviations in binding energy and charge radius are estimated with respect to the available experimental data for 195 even-even nuclei,and the results compare favourably with the well-calibrated effective interactions of Skyrme,Gogny and other relativistic mean-field parametrizations.The pairing gap estimations for modified G3 and IOPB-I for Sn isotopes are also compared with the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculation with the Gogny(D1S)interaction.The isotopic shift and single-particle energy spacing are also calculated and compared with the experimental data for both original and modified versions of the G3 and IOPB-I parameter sets.Subsequently,both the modified parameter sets are used to obtain the various infinite nuclear matter observables at saturation.In addition to these,the force parameters are adopted to calculate the properties of a high isospin asymmetry dense system such as neutron star matter and tested for validation using the constraint from GW170817 binary neutron star merger events.The tuned forces predict relatively good results for finite and infinite nuclear matter systems and the current limitation on the neutron radius from PREX-2.A systematic analysis using these two refitted parameter sets over the nuclear chart will be communicated shortly.展开更多
We examine the structural properties and half-life decay of Ra isotopes within the axially deformed Relativistic Mean-Field（RMF）theory with NL3 force parameters.We work out the binding energy（BE）,RMS radii,two-neu...We examine the structural properties and half-life decay of Ra isotopes within the axially deformed Relativistic Mean-Field（RMF）theory with NL3 force parameters.We work out the binding energy（BE）,RMS radii,two-neutron separation energies（S（2n））,and some other observables.The results are in good agreement with the finite-range droplet model（FRDM）and experimental results.Considering the possibility of neutron magic number,theα-decay and cluster decay half-lives of Ra isotopes are calculated systematically using the Q-values obtained from the RMF formalism.These decay half-life calculations are carried out by taking three different empirical formulae.The calculated decay half-lives are found to be highly sensitive to the choice of Q-values.Possible shell or sub-shell closures are found at daughter nuclei with N=128 and N=126 when alpha and 8Be,12C,18O respectively are emitted from Ra isotopes.Though the cluster radioactivity is affected by the shell closure of parent and daughter,a long half-life indicates the stability of the parent,and a small parent half-life indicates that the shell stability of the daughter against decay.展开更多
We study the structural properties of some light mass nuclei using two different formalisms（i） a recently developed simple effective interaction in the frame work of microscopic non-relativistic Hartree-Fock method ...We study the structural properties of some light mass nuclei using two different formalisms（i） a recently developed simple effective interaction in the frame work of microscopic non-relativistic Hartree-Fock method and（ii）the well-known relativistic mean field approach with NL3 parameter set. The bulk properties like binding energy, root mean square radii and quadrupole deformation parameter are estimated and compared with the available experimental data. The predicted results of both the formalisms are well comparable with the experimental observations. The analysis of density profiles of these light mass nuclei suggest that22 O,23F,34 Si and46Ar have bubble like structure.展开更多
文摘The Fifth-Generation(5G)cellular and wireless communication envisage to integrate multiple technologies to provide a wide range of applications.The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology(ICT)needs a common cellular platform to increase the network’s extensibility and adaptability.The Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)offers a scalable and flexible Base Station(BS)architecture for the next-generation wireless and mobile networks,where the BS functionality is split into a distributed radio unit known as Remote Radio Head(RRH)and a Centralized BaseBand Unit(C-BBU).To further make the C-BBU scalable and flexible,the baseband signal processing is carried out over a virtualized platform.The load at the RRH and C-BBU can vary from under-loaded to overloaded conditions which increase the power consumption and degrade the Quality-of-Service(QoS)of the C-RAN.In this paper,we formulate under-loaded and overloaded conditions at the RRH and the C-BBU,and propose a Co-operative Load Balancing(CLB)algorithm for handling the cellular traffic in real-time under different load conditions.The proposed CLB aims to maximize the utilization of hardware resources at the RRH and C-BBU.The CLB algorithm is compared with CDI,CZ,NDLB,DLB in the first phase for the RF load balancing.In the second phase of simulation,CLB is compared with the FCFS,IWRR,OLB,GP and TLB algorithms for server(C-BBU)load balancing.The parameters considered for comparison are:User Entity(UE)waiting time,blocking probability and processing time at the RRH and the C-BBU.Simulation results show that the use of co-operative load balancing technique improves the QoS in the C-RAN by reducing the blocking probability and UE waiting time.The CLB algorithm is validated with LTE TU-Vienna and cloudSim simulators for the RRH and the C-BBU,respectively.
基金Supported by the Department of Science and Technology,Govt.of India(EMR/2015/002517)
文摘We study the properties of proton rich nuclei reported as proton emitters in the region from I to Bi with Z =53 to 83 and N = 56 to 102 as a crucial application to the existence of exotic nuclei. The effective relativistic meanfield formalism(E-RMF), with NL3, FSUGarnet, G3 and IOPB-I interactions, is adopted for analysis of the ground state properties of proton emitters. Furthermore, in the E-RMF background, the Wentzel-Karmers-Brillouin(WKB)barrier penetration method is used for the calculation of proton emission half-lives. It is found that the calculated halflives are in good agreement with the experimental results for all emitters considered in this study.
基金Supported by SERB,Department of Science and Technology,Govt. of India,Project No. CRG/2019/002691FOSTECT Project No. FOSTECT.2019B.04FAPESP Project No. 2017/05660-0
文摘Based on the current measurement of the neutron distribution radius(R_(n))of ^(208)Pb from the PREX-2 data,we revisited the recently developed G3 and IOPB-I force parameters by fine-tuning some specific couplings within the relativistic mean-field(RMF)model.Theω-ρ-mesons coupling and theρ-meson coupling are constrained to the experimental neutron radius of^(208)Pb without compromising the bulk properties of finite nuclei and infinite nuclear matter observables.The modified parameter sets are applied to calculate the gross properties of finite nuclei such as binding energies,charge distributions,nuclear radii,pairing gaps,and single-particle energies.The root-mean-square deviations in binding energy and charge radius are estimated with respect to the available experimental data for 195 even-even nuclei,and the results compare favourably with the well-calibrated effective interactions of Skyrme,Gogny and other relativistic mean-field parametrizations.The pairing gap estimations for modified G3 and IOPB-I for Sn isotopes are also compared with the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculation with the Gogny(D1S)interaction.The isotopic shift and single-particle energy spacing are also calculated and compared with the experimental data for both original and modified versions of the G3 and IOPB-I parameter sets.Subsequently,both the modified parameter sets are used to obtain the various infinite nuclear matter observables at saturation.In addition to these,the force parameters are adopted to calculate the properties of a high isospin asymmetry dense system such as neutron star matter and tested for validation using the constraint from GW170817 binary neutron star merger events.The tuned forces predict relatively good results for finite and infinite nuclear matter systems and the current limitation on the neutron radius from PREX-2.A systematic analysis using these two refitted parameter sets over the nuclear chart will be communicated shortly.
基金Supported by Project No.SR/FTP/PS-106/2013,SERB,DST,Govt.of India
文摘We examine the structural properties and half-life decay of Ra isotopes within the axially deformed Relativistic Mean-Field（RMF）theory with NL3 force parameters.We work out the binding energy（BE）,RMS radii,two-neutron separation energies（S（2n））,and some other observables.The results are in good agreement with the finite-range droplet model（FRDM）and experimental results.Considering the possibility of neutron magic number,theα-decay and cluster decay half-lives of Ra isotopes are calculated systematically using the Q-values obtained from the RMF formalism.These decay half-life calculations are carried out by taking three different empirical formulae.The calculated decay half-lives are found to be highly sensitive to the choice of Q-values.Possible shell or sub-shell closures are found at daughter nuclei with N=128 and N=126 when alpha and 8Be,12C,18O respectively are emitted from Ra isotopes.Though the cluster radioactivity is affected by the shell closure of parent and daughter,a long half-life indicates the stability of the parent,and a small parent half-life indicates that the shell stability of the daughter against decay.
文摘We study the structural properties of some light mass nuclei using two different formalisms（i） a recently developed simple effective interaction in the frame work of microscopic non-relativistic Hartree-Fock method and（ii）the well-known relativistic mean field approach with NL3 parameter set. The bulk properties like binding energy, root mean square radii and quadrupole deformation parameter are estimated and compared with the available experimental data. The predicted results of both the formalisms are well comparable with the experimental observations. The analysis of density profiles of these light mass nuclei suggest that22 O,23F,34 Si and46Ar have bubble like structure.
