This paper proposes a vehicle-to-grid(V2G)system interfaced with a microgrid that is effective at regulating frequency on a microgrid over a 24-h cycle.A microgrid is designed and divided into four components.The firs...This paper proposes a vehicle-to-grid(V2G)system interfaced with a microgrid that is effective at regulating frequency on a microgrid over a 24-h cycle.A microgrid is designed and divided into four components.The first component is a diesel generator,which is used to act as the base power generator.The second component consists of renewable energy(RE)power plants,which include solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind plants.The third component is a V2G system.The last component is the load connected to the microgrid.A microgrid is designed to be of sufficient size to represent a community of one thousand households during the day period of low consumption in the spring or fall seasons.A hundred electric vehicles(EVs)are modeled as base models to realize a 1:10 ratio for cars to households,which indicates a possible scenario in the near future.Detailed analysis of the active power,reactive power,voltage,frequency,and current is carried out.It is established that the proposed design of the V2G andmicrogrid effectivelymaintains systemparameters such as frequency and voltage within permissible limits with an error of less than 1%.Further,transient deviations in these parameters are limited to within 5%.A microgrid with V2G devices regulates the system frequency by mitigating load demand through coordinated control of conventional generation,solar PV plant generation,wind plant generation,power exchange with the microgrid network,and electric vehicles.The proposed microgrid and V2G are efficient for energy management and mitigation of intermittency and variability of RE power with improved performance.Variations in system parameters have been investigated by changing the operating scenario,and it has been determined that the error is limited to less than 5%.The study is effectively realized in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.展开更多
This research paper reports the fabrication and evaluation of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))-and zinc oxide(ZnO)-based dye-sensitized solar cells with anthocyanin dye extracted from pomegranate.TiO_(2) and ZnO were synthes...This research paper reports the fabrication and evaluation of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))-and zinc oxide(ZnO)-based dye-sensitized solar cells with anthocyanin dye extracted from pomegranate.TiO_(2) and ZnO were synthesized using the hydrothermal synthesis and chemical bath deposition techniques,respectively.The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that TiO_(2) had nanopillars made up of nano rods with dimensions of 111.866,90.521,and 81.908 nm,while ZnO had hexagonal patterned nanorods with lengths of 283.294 nm and diameters of 91.782 nm.The absorption spectra of the pomegranate dye were analysed and the strongest absorp-tion peak was found to be at 520 nm,which corresponds to the existing anthocyanin pigment.The band gap of pomegranate dye was noted down to be 2.45 eV.The performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells was evaluated using one sun illumination(100 mW/cm^(2))where the dye-sensitized solar cell with TiO_(2) nanopillars achieved an improved efficiency of 0.46%whereas the dye-sensitized solar cell with ZnO nanorods showed a considerably reduced efficiency of 0.42%.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a vehicle-to-grid(V2G)system interfaced with a microgrid that is effective at regulating frequency on a microgrid over a 24-h cycle.A microgrid is designed and divided into four components.The first component is a diesel generator,which is used to act as the base power generator.The second component consists of renewable energy(RE)power plants,which include solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind plants.The third component is a V2G system.The last component is the load connected to the microgrid.A microgrid is designed to be of sufficient size to represent a community of one thousand households during the day period of low consumption in the spring or fall seasons.A hundred electric vehicles(EVs)are modeled as base models to realize a 1:10 ratio for cars to households,which indicates a possible scenario in the near future.Detailed analysis of the active power,reactive power,voltage,frequency,and current is carried out.It is established that the proposed design of the V2G andmicrogrid effectivelymaintains systemparameters such as frequency and voltage within permissible limits with an error of less than 1%.Further,transient deviations in these parameters are limited to within 5%.A microgrid with V2G devices regulates the system frequency by mitigating load demand through coordinated control of conventional generation,solar PV plant generation,wind plant generation,power exchange with the microgrid network,and electric vehicles.The proposed microgrid and V2G are efficient for energy management and mitigation of intermittency and variability of RE power with improved performance.Variations in system parameters have been investigated by changing the operating scenario,and it has been determined that the error is limited to less than 5%.The study is effectively realized in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
文摘This research paper reports the fabrication and evaluation of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))-and zinc oxide(ZnO)-based dye-sensitized solar cells with anthocyanin dye extracted from pomegranate.TiO_(2) and ZnO were synthesized using the hydrothermal synthesis and chemical bath deposition techniques,respectively.The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that TiO_(2) had nanopillars made up of nano rods with dimensions of 111.866,90.521,and 81.908 nm,while ZnO had hexagonal patterned nanorods with lengths of 283.294 nm and diameters of 91.782 nm.The absorption spectra of the pomegranate dye were analysed and the strongest absorp-tion peak was found to be at 520 nm,which corresponds to the existing anthocyanin pigment.The band gap of pomegranate dye was noted down to be 2.45 eV.The performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells was evaluated using one sun illumination(100 mW/cm^(2))where the dye-sensitized solar cell with TiO_(2) nanopillars achieved an improved efficiency of 0.46%whereas the dye-sensitized solar cell with ZnO nanorods showed a considerably reduced efficiency of 0.42%.
