Power analysis is a key component of planning prospective studies such as clinical trials.However,some journals in biomedical and psychosocial sciences request power analysis for data already collected and analysed be...Power analysis is a key component of planning prospective studies such as clinical trials.However,some journals in biomedical and psychosocial sciences request power analysis for data already collected and analysed before acceptingmanuscripts for publication.Many have raised concerns about the conceptual basis for such post-hoc power analyses.More recently,Zhang et al showed by using simulation studies that such power analyses do not indicate true power for detecting statistical significance since post-hoc power estimates vary in the range of practical interests and can be very different from the true power.On the other hand,journals'request for information about the reliability of statistical findings in a manuscript due to small sample sizes is justified since the sample size plays an important role in the reproducibility of statistical findings.The problem is the wording of the journals'request,as the current power analysis paradigm is not designed to address journals'concerns about the reliability of the statistical findings.In this paper,we propose an alternate formulation of power analysis to provide a conceptually valid approach to the journals'wrongly worded but practically significant concern.展开更多
Defects are inevitably induced during the fabrication process of a metalens,which will affect the metalens's yield and optical performances.Thus,investigations on the fabrication defects are becoming increasingly ...Defects are inevitably induced during the fabrication process of a metalens,which will affect the metalens's yield and optical performances.Thus,investigations on the fabrication defects are becoming increasingly important for the mass production of metalenses.In this Letter,the optical performances of near-infrared metalenses with four types of fabrication defects are investigated.The results show that the process-induced defects obviously affect the focusing efficiency at λ=940 nm,but they have less impact on the quality of the focal spot.This work provides fabrication guidance for largescale manufacturing of metalenses in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(grant UL1TR001442)of CTSA funding.
文摘Power analysis is a key component of planning prospective studies such as clinical trials.However,some journals in biomedical and psychosocial sciences request power analysis for data already collected and analysed before acceptingmanuscripts for publication.Many have raised concerns about the conceptual basis for such post-hoc power analyses.More recently,Zhang et al showed by using simulation studies that such power analyses do not indicate true power for detecting statistical significance since post-hoc power estimates vary in the range of practical interests and can be very different from the true power.On the other hand,journals'request for information about the reliability of statistical findings in a manuscript due to small sample sizes is justified since the sample size plays an important role in the reproducibility of statistical findings.The problem is the wording of the journals'request,as the current power analysis paradigm is not designed to address journals'concerns about the reliability of the statistical findings.In this paper,we propose an alternate formulation of power analysis to provide a conceptually valid approach to the journals'wrongly worded but practically significant concern.
基金supported by the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Sensing Chip Technology,National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies(No.IRDT-23-08)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle,National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62204149,62205193,and U23A20356)the Shanghai Technical Service Computing Center of Science and Engineering,Shanghai University。
文摘Defects are inevitably induced during the fabrication process of a metalens,which will affect the metalens's yield and optical performances.Thus,investigations on the fabrication defects are becoming increasingly important for the mass production of metalenses.In this Letter,the optical performances of near-infrared metalenses with four types of fabrication defects are investigated.The results show that the process-induced defects obviously affect the focusing efficiency at λ=940 nm,but they have less impact on the quality of the focal spot.This work provides fabrication guidance for largescale manufacturing of metalenses in the future.
