Introduction:Diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in sarcopenia.However,different sources and types of protein have different health impacts.Ob...Introduction:Diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in sarcopenia.However,different sources and types of protein have different health impacts.Objectives:The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of different sources and types of proteins on sarcopenia,providing an optimal path for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Methods:A sarcopenia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone(5 mg/kg).Sixty male C57BL/6 mice(8 months old)were randomly divided into the normal control,sarcopenia,goat whey protein,goat milk casein,bovine whey protein,and bovine milk casein groups.Animals were treated for 8 consecutive weeks.Organism-level and molecular phenotypes,16S rRNA gene sequencing,and untargeted metabolomics profiling based on GC-TOF/MS were employed to investigate the correlation between host metabolism,microbial metabolism,autophagy and inflammation and their influence on sarcopenia in C57BL/6 male mice.Results:All 4 proteins increased muscle mass,and goat whey protein improved muscle strength in sarcopenic mice.Goat and bovine milk proteins promoted muscle regeneration by increasing MyoD1 and MyoG expression,and the former had a more distinct effect in inducing autophagy and decreasing inflammation than the latter.In addition,goat whey protein and casein could modulate hostmicrobial arginine co-metabolism.Notably,goat milk proteins responded well to sarcopenia comorbidities,including sarcopenic obesity,osteosarcopenia,and osteoarthritis.Conclusion:The study confirmed that goat milk proteins were more effective than bovine milk proteins for the control of sarcopenia.Moreover,we found that whey protein and casein could modulate host-microbial arginine co-metabolism,which shows their potential as precision nutritional supplements for the management of sarcopenia.Our study provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of sarcopenia.展开更多
Aviation kerosene RP-3 is extensively used in China.This paper details the measurement of the density of Chinese aviation kerosene RP-3 employing the flow method under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.The...Aviation kerosene RP-3 is extensively used in China.This paper details the measurement of the density of Chinese aviation kerosene RP-3 employing the flow method under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.The methodology utilizes circular tubes with two different diameters.The density of aviation kerosene RP-3 was experimentally measured for the first time within a pressure range from 6 MPa to 8 MPa and a temperature range from 323 K to 783 K,with a maximum relative uncertainty of 0.35%.The experimental setup used n-decane for calibration,achieving an average calibration error of 0.91%.The data indicate that the density of RP-3 ranges from 764 kg/m^(3)to 247 kg/m^(3)under the tested conditions.The results show that the density of kerosene RP-3 decreases with an increase in temperature at a constant pressure,and at a given temperature,a higher pressure results in a higher density.Polynomial fitting was applied to the data,resulting in the average absolute deviation of 1.09%,0.80%,and 0.76%at different pressures of 6,7,and 8 MPa,respectively.展开更多
The economic development of key biodiversity conservation areas and their conservation measures are underpinned by a mutually complementary and synergistic development model. Regional economic development depends on c...The economic development of key biodiversity conservation areas and their conservation measures are underpinned by a mutually complementary and synergistic development model. Regional economic development depends on conservation awareness in biodiversity conservation areas. Moreover, the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation can be indicated by endangered wildlife conservation. This study investigated the current conservation of Huangshan Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana)—an endemic endangered species in the Mount Huangshan Scenic Area located in a biodiversity conservation hotspot in China, the conservation awareness of residents and visitors, and changes in local economic income through field survey. It provides inspiration and a characteristic demonstration to build a synergistic model of endangered wildlife conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and sustainable regional economic development.展开更多
This study investigated potential changes in flow, total suspended solid（TSS） and nutrient（nitrogen and phosphorous） loadings under future climate change, land use/cover（LULC）change and combined change scenarios...This study investigated potential changes in flow, total suspended solid（TSS） and nutrient（nitrogen and phosphorous） loadings under future climate change, land use/cover（LULC）change and combined change scenarios in the Wolf Bay watershed, southern Alabama,USA. Four Global Circulation Models（GCMs） under three Special Report Emission Scenarios（SRES） of greenhouse gas were used to assess the future climate change（2016–2040）. Three projected LULC maps（2030） were employed to reflect different extents of urbanization in future. The individual, combined and synergistic impacts of LULC and climate change on water quantity/quality were analyzed by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool（SWAT）.Under the ＂climate change only＂ scenario, monthly distribution and projected variation of TSS are expected to follow a pattern similar to streamflow. Nutrients are influenced both by flow and management practices. The variation of Total Nitrogen（TN） and Total Phosphorous（TP） generally follow the flow trend as well. No evident difference in the N：P ratio was projected. Under the ＂LULC change only＂ scenario, TN was projected to decrease,mainly due to the shrinkage of croplands. TP will increase in fall and winter. The N：P ratio shows a strong decreasing potential. Under the ＂combined change＂ scenario, LULC and climate change effect were considered simultaneously. Results indicate that if future loadings are expected to increase/decrease under any individual scenario, then the combined change will intensify that trend. Conversely, if their effects are in opposite directions, an offsetting effect occurs. Science-based management practices are needed to reduce nutrient loadings to the Bay.展开更多
Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene(nano)platelets(GNPs or Gn Ps;each platelet below 10 nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomp...Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene(nano)platelets(GNPs or Gn Ps;each platelet below 10 nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomposites. Since MWCNTs are now cost-effective at US$30 per kg for industrial applications, this work starts by briefly reviewing the disentanglement and surface modification of MWCNTs as well as the properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. GNPs can be made through the thermal treatment of graphite intercalation compounds followed by ultrasonication;GNPs would have lower cost yet higher electrical conductivity over 1,400 S cmthan MWCNTs. Through proper surface modification and compounding techniques, both types of fillers can reinforce or toughen polymers and simultaneously add anti-static performance. A high ratio of MWCNTs to GNPs would increase the synergy for polymers. Green, solvent-free systhesis methods are desired for polymer nanocomposites. Perspectives on the limitations, current challenges and future prospects are provided.展开更多
An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments.The 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)reveale...An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments.The 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)revealed that the accu mulation of heavy metals(over about 10 years)has affected the diversity of bacterial abundance and microbial community structure.The proximity of a sampling site to the QTH/Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR),which is effectively a measure of the density of human engineering,was the dominant factor influencing bacterial community diversity.The diversity of bacterial communities shows that 16S rRNA gene abundance decreased in relation to proximity to the QTH and QTR in both alpine wetland and meadow areas.The dominant phyla across all samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.The concentration of Cr and Cd in the soil were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MC/WC sam pling sites),and Ni,Co,and V were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MA/WA sampling sites).The results presented in this study provide an insight into the relationships among heavy metals and soil microbial commu nities,and have important implications for assessing and predicting the impacts of human-induced activities from the QTH and QTR in such an extreme and fragile environment.展开更多
The variable cycle engine is distinguished by its highly adjustable compression system,whose aerodynamic characteristic is extremely complex.To explore the regulation range of a double bypass engine compression system...The variable cycle engine is distinguished by its highly adjustable compression system,whose aerodynamic characteristic is extremely complex.To explore the regulation range of a double bypass engine compression system,a multi-dimensional analysis method is developed,through which the coupling mechanism between the compressor component and the bypass is examined.The operation zones of the compressor components and the bypass system are proposed,and the operation range of the compression system is obtained by calculating the overlapping part of the operation zones.The results show that in the double bypass mode,there exists a minimum mode selector valve area and a minimum core driven fan stage stall margin that ensures a feasible bypass flow,the two parameters correspond to each other.Under the given fan and core driven fan stage conditions,the maximum value of the inner bypass ratio is restricted by the upper limit of the forward variable area bypass injector and the maximum Mach number in the total bypass,while the minimum value of the inner bypass ratio depends on the lower limit of the forward variable area bypass injector geometry and the system recirculation margin.The single bypass mode is a unique condition of the double bypass mode,as the operation zone of the compressor component degenerates from a two-dimensional surface to a straight line.There are multiple bypass states available in the single bypass mode,while the regulation range of the bypass ratio is jointly restricted by the operation range of the high pressure compressor and the aerodynamic boundary of the forward variable area bypass injector.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are considered as potential candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,the existing aqueous ZICs usually have...Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are considered as potential candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,the existing aqueous ZICs usually have the problems of zinc dendrite growth and unsatisfactory performance at low temperature.Herein,an erythritol (Eryt) additive with inhibition of zinc dendrites and anti-freezing capability was introduced into the ZnSO4electrolyte.The experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that the Eryt adsorbed on the surface of zinc anodes regulates the deposition orientation of Zn^(2+) and inhibits the formation of dendrites.It also reconstructs the solvation structure in the electrolyte to reduce water activity,enabling the electrolyte to have a lower freezing point for operation at low temperature.With the assistance of Eryt,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits a long cycle life of 2000 h,while the ZIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and zinc anode (Zn||AC) maintains a capacity retention of 98.2% after 30,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1)(even after 10,000 cycles at-20°C,the capacity retention rate reached 94.8%.).This work provides a highly scalable,low-cost and effective strategy for the protection of the anodes of low-temperature aqueous ZICs.展开更多
In this work,the dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator was employed to study the flow structures induced by the plasma actuator over a flat plate and a wall-mounted hump.A phenomenological dielectric-barrier-di...In this work,the dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator was employed to study the flow structures induced by the plasma actuator over a flat plate and a wall-mounted hump.A phenomenological dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma model which regarded the plasma effect as the body force was implemented into the Navier–Stokes equations solved by the method of large eddy simulations.The results show that a series of vortex pairs,which indicated dipole formation and periodicity distribution were generated in the boundary layer when the plasma was applied to the flow over a flat plane.They would enhance the energy exchanged between the near wall region and the free stream.Besides,their spatial trajectories are deeply affected by the actuation strength.When the actuator was engaged in the flow over a wall-mounted hump,the vortex pairs were also produced,which was able to delay flow separation as well as to promote flow reattachment and reduce the generation of a vortex,achieving the goal of reducing dissipation and decreasing flow resistance.展开更多
Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is a major cause of discogenic pain,and is attributed to the dysfunction of nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus,and cartilaginous endplate(CEP).Osteopontin(OPN),a glycoprotein,is hig...Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is a major cause of discogenic pain,and is attributed to the dysfunction of nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus,and cartilaginous endplate(CEP).Osteopontin(OPN),a glycoprotein,is highly expressed in the CEP.However,little is known on how OPN regulates CEP homeostasis and degeneration,contributing to the pathogenesis of IDD.Here,we investigate the roles of OPN in CEP degeneration in a mouse IDD model induced by lumbar spine instability and its impact on the degeneration of endplate chondrocytes(EPCs)under pathological conditions.OPN is mainly expressed in the CEP and decreases with degeneration in mice and human patients with severe IDD.Conditional Spp1 knockout in EPCs of adult mice enhances age-related CEP degeneration and accelerates CEP remodeling during IDD.Mechanistically,OPN deficiency increases CCL2 and CCL5 production in EPCs to recruit macrophages and enhances the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling by facilitating assembly of IRAK1-TRAF6 complex,deteriorating CEP degeneration in a spatiotemporal pattern.More importantly,pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis attenuates CEP degeneration in OPN-deficient IDD mice.Overall,this study highlights the importance of OPN in maintaining CEP and disc homeostasis,and proposes a promising therapeutic strategy for IDD by targeting the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.展开更多
Supercapacitors based on electric double layers are prone to serious self-discharge due to electrolyte ion desorption and the resulting energy loss severely limits the application range of supercapacitors.Rational des...Supercapacitors based on electric double layers are prone to serious self-discharge due to electrolyte ion desorption and the resulting energy loss severely limits the application range of supercapacitors.Rational design of polymer electrolyte systems to address this problem shows considerable generality and high feasibility.Herein,we reported a quasi-solid-state bipolar ionomer electrolyte prepared by an in-situ layer-by-layer ultraviolet-curing method,which has an integrated Janus structure with an intermediate binding layer.Based on the synergistic effect of confining impurity ions by ionizable groups and electrostatic repulsion to stabilize the electric double layers and superimposing synergies on both sides,the assembled device not only possesses ideal supercapacitor characteristics,but also exhibits an ultrahigh voltage retention of 71% after being left to stand for 100 h after being fully charged.Furthermore,through the quasi-in-situ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy linear scanning,the characteristics of ion diffusion in this ionomer electrolyte are revealed,suggesting its correlation with self-discharge behavior.展开更多
The DC-driven atmospheric-pressure microplasma is generated in a helium gas flowing through the metal tube cathode and is brought into contact with the surface of the water with the immersed Pt anode.By adjusting the ...The DC-driven atmospheric-pressure microplasma is generated in a helium gas flowing through the metal tube cathode and is brought into contact with the surface of the water with the immersed Pt anode.By adjusting the gas flow,discharge current and gap distance,self-organized patterns are observed and varied sequentially from the homogeneous spot to the ring-like shape,distinct spot shape and the gearwheel shape on the water surface.The electrode temperature is measured and the gas temperature of the plasma discharge is calculated through the numericalfitting of the second positive system of the spectrum of N2 molecules.It is shown that the pattern transition is related to the electrode and gas temperatures of the plasma.Moreover,specific discretization features of the patterns are shown to appear at certain gas temperatures.展开更多
Poverty threatens human development especially for developing countries,so ending poverty has become one of the most important United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study aims to explore China’s pro...Poverty threatens human development especially for developing countries,so ending poverty has become one of the most important United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study aims to explore China’s progress in poverty reduction from 2016 to 2019 through time-series multi-source geospatial data and a deep learning model.The poverty reduction efficiency(PRE)is measured by the difference in the out-of-poverty rates(which measures the probability of being not poor)of 2016 and 2019.The study shows that the probability of poverty in all regions of China has shown an overall decreasing trend(PRE=0.264),which indicates that the progress in poverty reduction during this period is significant.The Hu Huanyong Line(Hu Line)shows an uneven geographical pattern of out-of-poverty rate between Southeast and Northwest China.From 2016 to 2019,the centroid of China’s out-of-poverty rate moved 105.786 km to the northeast while the standard deviation ellipse of the out-of-poverty rate moved 3 degrees away from the Hu Line,indicating that the regions with high out-of-poverty rates are more concentrated on the east side of the Hu Line from 2016 to 2019.The results imply that the government’s future poverty reduction policies should pay attention to the infrastructure construction in poor areas and appropriately increase the population density in poor areas.This study fills the gap in the research on poverty reduction under multiple scales and provides useful implications for the government’s poverty reduction policy.展开更多
A library of rod-like bolapolyphiles with sticky hydrogen-bonded glycerol groups at their ends and having highly branched side chains with a carbosilane-based four-way branching point,all based on the same oligo(pheny...A library of rod-like bolapolyphiles with sticky hydrogen-bonded glycerol groups at their ends and having highly branched side chains with a carbosilane-based four-way branching point,all based on the same oligo(phenylene ethynylene)core,has been synthesized and investigated.For these compounds,a A15-type Frank–Kasper phase is formed upon side-chain elongation in the steric frustration range at the transition from the triangular to the much larger square honeycombs.In contrast to the previously known tetrahedral sphere packings the A15 phase is in this case formed by tetrahedral networks of aggregates of parallelly organizedπ-conjugated rods.This allows the design of compounds with wide ranges of the A15 network down to room temperature.However,its formation becomes strongly disfavored by core fluorination that is attributed to a changing mode of core–core interaction that also modifies the square honeycombs by deformation of the squares into rectangular or rhombic cells,either with or without emergence of tilt of the rods.展开更多
Antiferroelectric(AFE)materials have received great attention because of their potential applications in the energy sector.Nevertheless,the properties of AFE materials have not been explored for a long time,especially...Antiferroelectric(AFE)materials have received great attention because of their potential applications in the energy sector.Nevertheless,the properties of AFE materials have not been explored for a long time,especially the atomic-scale understanding of AFE domain walls.Here,using first-principles-based machine learning potentials,we identify the atomic structures,energies,and dynamic properties of the domain walls for AFE lead zirconate.It is found that the domain wall can reduce the critical antiferroelectric-ferroelectric transition field.During the electric field-driven polarization switching process,the domain wall is immobile.Importantly,we observe that a distinct domain structure spontaneously forms in bulk lead zirconate upon annealing at 300 K.The domain structure exhibits an alternating array of clockwise–anticlockwise vortexes along radial with continuous polarization rotation.This anomalous AFE vortex is derived from the energy degeneracy in four possible orientations of the polarization order,which can enhance the dielectric response in the terahertz.The current results give an implication for the emergence of AFE vortex in AFE materials as well as ferroelectric materials.展开更多
Nowadays,biological databases are playing an increasingly critical role in biological research.Myceliophthora thermophila is an excellent thermophilic fungal chassis for industrial enzyme production and plant biomass-...Nowadays,biological databases are playing an increasingly critical role in biological research.Myceliophthora thermophila is an excellent thermophilic fungal chassis for industrial enzyme production and plant biomass-based chemical synthesis.The lack of a dedicated public database has made access to and reanalysis of M.thermophila data difficult.To bridge this gap,we developed MTD(https://mtd.biodesign.ac.cn/),a cloud-based omics database and interactive platform for M.thermophila.MTD integrates comprehensive genome annotations,sequence-based predictions,transcriptome data,curated experimental descriptions,and bioinformatics analysis tools,offering a comprehensive,one-stop solution with a‘top-down’search strategy to streamline M.thermophila research.The platform supports data reproduction,rapid querying,and in-depth mining of existing tran-scriptome datasets.Based on analyses using data and tools in MTD,we identified shifts in metabolic allocation in a glucoamylase hyperproduction strain of M.thermophila,highlighting changes in fatty acid biosynthesis and amino acids biosynthesis pathways,which provide new insights into the underlying phenotypic alterations.As a pioneering resource,MTD marks a key advancement in M.thermophila research and sets the model for developing similar databases for other species.展开更多
The effect of polyacrylic acid(PAA)on the corrosion behavior of Alloy 690 in simulated pressurized water reactor secondary water was investigated.The duplex oxide film structure,consisting of a Ni-rich outer layer and...The effect of polyacrylic acid(PAA)on the corrosion behavior of Alloy 690 in simulated pressurized water reactor secondary water was investigated.The duplex oxide film structure,consisting of a Ni-rich outer layer and a Cr-rich inner layer,was maintained regardless of PAA presence.PAA inhibited the growth of outer Ni-rich particles while promoting Cr enrichment in the inner layer and inducing its amorphization,both enhancing oxidation resistance.However,excess PAA(≥500 ppb)suppressed protective oxide formation during initial oxidation,leading to oxygen penetration into the matrix.A PAA concentration of around 250 ppb is considered optimal for steam generators,as it provides the benefits of PAA without adverse effects on the alloy.展开更多
Fast and uniform growth of high-quality graphene on conventional glass is of great importance for practical applications of graphene glass. We report herein a confined-flow chemical vapor deposition （CVD） approach f...Fast and uniform growth of high-quality graphene on conventional glass is of great importance for practical applications of graphene glass. We report herein a confined-flow chemical vapor deposition （CVD） approach for the high- efficiency fabrication of graphene glass. The key feature of our approach is the fabrication of a 2-4 μm wide gap above the glass substrate, with plenty of stumbling blocks; this gap was found to significantly increase the collision probability of the carbon precursors and reactive fragments between one another and with the glass surface. As a result, the growth rate of graphene glass increased remarkably, together with an improvement in the growth quality and uniformity as compared to those in the conventional gas flow CVD technique. These high-quality graphene glasses exhibited an excellent defogging performance with much higher defogging speed and higher stability compared to those previously reported. The graphene sapphire glass was found to be an ideal substrate for growing uniform and ultra-smooth aluminum nitride thin films without the tedious pre-deposition of a buffer layer. The presented confined- flow CVD approach offers a simple and low-cost route for the mass production of graphene glass, which is believed to promote the practical applications of various graphene glasses.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7232236)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100104)。
文摘Introduction:Diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in sarcopenia.However,different sources and types of protein have different health impacts.Objectives:The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of different sources and types of proteins on sarcopenia,providing an optimal path for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Methods:A sarcopenia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone(5 mg/kg).Sixty male C57BL/6 mice(8 months old)were randomly divided into the normal control,sarcopenia,goat whey protein,goat milk casein,bovine whey protein,and bovine milk casein groups.Animals were treated for 8 consecutive weeks.Organism-level and molecular phenotypes,16S rRNA gene sequencing,and untargeted metabolomics profiling based on GC-TOF/MS were employed to investigate the correlation between host metabolism,microbial metabolism,autophagy and inflammation and their influence on sarcopenia in C57BL/6 male mice.Results:All 4 proteins increased muscle mass,and goat whey protein improved muscle strength in sarcopenic mice.Goat and bovine milk proteins promoted muscle regeneration by increasing MyoD1 and MyoG expression,and the former had a more distinct effect in inducing autophagy and decreasing inflammation than the latter.In addition,goat whey protein and casein could modulate hostmicrobial arginine co-metabolism.Notably,goat milk proteins responded well to sarcopenia comorbidities,including sarcopenic obesity,osteosarcopenia,and osteoarthritis.Conclusion:The study confirmed that goat milk proteins were more effective than bovine milk proteins for the control of sarcopenia.Moreover,we found that whey protein and casein could modulate host-microbial arginine co-metabolism,which shows their potential as precision nutritional supplements for the management of sarcopenia.Our study provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of sarcopenia.
基金supported by the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project,China(No.P2022-C-II-005-001)。
文摘Aviation kerosene RP-3 is extensively used in China.This paper details the measurement of the density of Chinese aviation kerosene RP-3 employing the flow method under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.The methodology utilizes circular tubes with two different diameters.The density of aviation kerosene RP-3 was experimentally measured for the first time within a pressure range from 6 MPa to 8 MPa and a temperature range from 323 K to 783 K,with a maximum relative uncertainty of 0.35%.The experimental setup used n-decane for calibration,achieving an average calibration error of 0.91%.The data indicate that the density of RP-3 ranges from 764 kg/m^(3)to 247 kg/m^(3)under the tested conditions.The results show that the density of kerosene RP-3 decreases with an increase in temperature at a constant pressure,and at a given temperature,a higher pressure results in a higher density.Polynomial fitting was applied to the data,resulting in the average absolute deviation of 1.09%,0.80%,and 0.76%at different pressures of 6,7,and 8 MPa,respectively.
文摘The economic development of key biodiversity conservation areas and their conservation measures are underpinned by a mutually complementary and synergistic development model. Regional economic development depends on conservation awareness in biodiversity conservation areas. Moreover, the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation can be indicated by endangered wildlife conservation. This study investigated the current conservation of Huangshan Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana)—an endemic endangered species in the Mount Huangshan Scenic Area located in a biodiversity conservation hotspot in China, the conservation awareness of residents and visitors, and changes in local economic income through field survey. It provides inspiration and a characteristic demonstration to build a synergistic model of endangered wildlife conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and sustainable regional economic development.
基金funded by the Water Resources Center at Auburn University and the Center for Environmental Studies at the Urban–Rural Interface
文摘This study investigated potential changes in flow, total suspended solid（TSS） and nutrient（nitrogen and phosphorous） loadings under future climate change, land use/cover（LULC）change and combined change scenarios in the Wolf Bay watershed, southern Alabama,USA. Four Global Circulation Models（GCMs） under three Special Report Emission Scenarios（SRES） of greenhouse gas were used to assess the future climate change（2016–2040）. Three projected LULC maps（2030） were employed to reflect different extents of urbanization in future. The individual, combined and synergistic impacts of LULC and climate change on water quantity/quality were analyzed by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool（SWAT）.Under the ＂climate change only＂ scenario, monthly distribution and projected variation of TSS are expected to follow a pattern similar to streamflow. Nutrients are influenced both by flow and management practices. The variation of Total Nitrogen（TN） and Total Phosphorous（TP） generally follow the flow trend as well. No evident difference in the N：P ratio was projected. Under the ＂LULC change only＂ scenario, TN was projected to decrease,mainly due to the shrinkage of croplands. TP will increase in fall and winter. The N：P ratio shows a strong decreasing potential. Under the ＂combined change＂ scenario, LULC and climate change effect were considered simultaneously. Results indicate that if future loadings are expected to increase/decrease under any individual scenario, then the combined change will intensify that trend. Conversely, if their effects are in opposite directions, an offsetting effect occurs. Science-based management practices are needed to reduce nutrient loadings to the Bay.
基金financial support by the Australian Research Council (LP180100005 & DP200101737)。
文摘Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene(nano)platelets(GNPs or Gn Ps;each platelet below 10 nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomposites. Since MWCNTs are now cost-effective at US$30 per kg for industrial applications, this work starts by briefly reviewing the disentanglement and surface modification of MWCNTs as well as the properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. GNPs can be made through the thermal treatment of graphite intercalation compounds followed by ultrasonication;GNPs would have lower cost yet higher electrical conductivity over 1,400 S cmthan MWCNTs. Through proper surface modification and compounding techniques, both types of fillers can reinforce or toughen polymers and simultaneously add anti-static performance. A high ratio of MWCNTs to GNPs would increase the synergy for polymers. Green, solvent-free systhesis methods are desired for polymer nanocomposites. Perspectives on the limitations, current challenges and future prospects are provided.
基金funded by a grant from the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and the Engineering Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nos. HHS-TSS-STS-1505 and 55Y855Z11, CAS "Light of West China" Program, Frontier Science Research Program of Chineses Academy of Scienc No. QYZDJ- SSW_SMC011
文摘An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments.The 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)revealed that the accu mulation of heavy metals(over about 10 years)has affected the diversity of bacterial abundance and microbial community structure.The proximity of a sampling site to the QTH/Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR),which is effectively a measure of the density of human engineering,was the dominant factor influencing bacterial community diversity.The diversity of bacterial communities shows that 16S rRNA gene abundance decreased in relation to proximity to the QTH and QTR in both alpine wetland and meadow areas.The dominant phyla across all samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.The concentration of Cr and Cd in the soil were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MC/WC sam pling sites),and Ni,Co,and V were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MA/WA sampling sites).The results presented in this study provide an insight into the relationships among heavy metals and soil microbial commu nities,and have important implications for assessing and predicting the impacts of human-induced activities from the QTH and QTR in such an extreme and fragile environment.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52206038)the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.Y2022-Ⅱ-0003)the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project,China(Nos.P2022-A-Ⅱ-001-001 and P2022-B-Ⅱ-002-001).
文摘The variable cycle engine is distinguished by its highly adjustable compression system,whose aerodynamic characteristic is extremely complex.To explore the regulation range of a double bypass engine compression system,a multi-dimensional analysis method is developed,through which the coupling mechanism between the compressor component and the bypass is examined.The operation zones of the compressor components and the bypass system are proposed,and the operation range of the compression system is obtained by calculating the overlapping part of the operation zones.The results show that in the double bypass mode,there exists a minimum mode selector valve area and a minimum core driven fan stage stall margin that ensures a feasible bypass flow,the two parameters correspond to each other.Under the given fan and core driven fan stage conditions,the maximum value of the inner bypass ratio is restricted by the upper limit of the forward variable area bypass injector and the maximum Mach number in the total bypass,while the minimum value of the inner bypass ratio depends on the lower limit of the forward variable area bypass injector geometry and the system recirculation margin.The single bypass mode is a unique condition of the double bypass mode,as the operation zone of the compressor component degenerates from a two-dimensional surface to a straight line.There are multiple bypass states available in the single bypass mode,while the regulation range of the bypass ratio is jointly restricted by the operation range of the high pressure compressor and the aerodynamic boundary of the forward variable area bypass injector.
基金the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109045,21875065)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2021M701191).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are considered as potential candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,the existing aqueous ZICs usually have the problems of zinc dendrite growth and unsatisfactory performance at low temperature.Herein,an erythritol (Eryt) additive with inhibition of zinc dendrites and anti-freezing capability was introduced into the ZnSO4electrolyte.The experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that the Eryt adsorbed on the surface of zinc anodes regulates the deposition orientation of Zn^(2+) and inhibits the formation of dendrites.It also reconstructs the solvation structure in the electrolyte to reduce water activity,enabling the electrolyte to have a lower freezing point for operation at low temperature.With the assistance of Eryt,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits a long cycle life of 2000 h,while the ZIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and zinc anode (Zn||AC) maintains a capacity retention of 98.2% after 30,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1)(even after 10,000 cycles at-20°C,the capacity retention rate reached 94.8%.).This work provides a highly scalable,low-cost and effective strategy for the protection of the anodes of low-temperature aqueous ZICs.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Middle East Technical University,under project # BAP-08-11-2016-044
文摘In this work,the dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator was employed to study the flow structures induced by the plasma actuator over a flat plate and a wall-mounted hump.A phenomenological dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma model which regarded the plasma effect as the body force was implemented into the Navier–Stokes equations solved by the method of large eddy simulations.The results show that a series of vortex pairs,which indicated dipole formation and periodicity distribution were generated in the boundary layer when the plasma was applied to the flow over a flat plane.They would enhance the energy exchanged between the near wall region and the free stream.Besides,their spatial trajectories are deeply affected by the actuation strength.When the actuator was engaged in the flow over a wall-mounted hump,the vortex pairs were also produced,which was able to delay flow separation as well as to promote flow reattachment and reduce the generation of a vortex,achieving the goal of reducing dissipation and decreasing flow resistance.
基金supported by Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1366)National Natural Science Foundation of China (81702182,81874087)+1 种基金Chongqing Outstanding Young Talent Supporting Program (cstc2024ycjhbgzxm0031)the Special Project for Talent Development of Xinqiao Hospital (2022XKRC006)。
文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is a major cause of discogenic pain,and is attributed to the dysfunction of nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus,and cartilaginous endplate(CEP).Osteopontin(OPN),a glycoprotein,is highly expressed in the CEP.However,little is known on how OPN regulates CEP homeostasis and degeneration,contributing to the pathogenesis of IDD.Here,we investigate the roles of OPN in CEP degeneration in a mouse IDD model induced by lumbar spine instability and its impact on the degeneration of endplate chondrocytes(EPCs)under pathological conditions.OPN is mainly expressed in the CEP and decreases with degeneration in mice and human patients with severe IDD.Conditional Spp1 knockout in EPCs of adult mice enhances age-related CEP degeneration and accelerates CEP remodeling during IDD.Mechanistically,OPN deficiency increases CCL2 and CCL5 production in EPCs to recruit macrophages and enhances the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling by facilitating assembly of IRAK1-TRAF6 complex,deteriorating CEP degeneration in a spatiotemporal pattern.More importantly,pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis attenuates CEP degeneration in OPN-deficient IDD mice.Overall,this study highlights the importance of OPN in maintaining CEP and disc homeostasis,and proposes a promising therapeutic strategy for IDD by targeting the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.
基金financial supports of National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875065,51673064,22109045)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Fund(2022T150211)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701191)。
文摘Supercapacitors based on electric double layers are prone to serious self-discharge due to electrolyte ion desorption and the resulting energy loss severely limits the application range of supercapacitors.Rational design of polymer electrolyte systems to address this problem shows considerable generality and high feasibility.Herein,we reported a quasi-solid-state bipolar ionomer electrolyte prepared by an in-situ layer-by-layer ultraviolet-curing method,which has an integrated Janus structure with an intermediate binding layer.Based on the synergistic effect of confining impurity ions by ionizable groups and electrostatic repulsion to stabilize the electric double layers and superimposing synergies on both sides,the assembled device not only possesses ideal supercapacitor characteristics,but also exhibits an ultrahigh voltage retention of 71% after being left to stand for 100 h after being fully charged.Furthermore,through the quasi-in-situ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy linear scanning,the characteristics of ion diffusion in this ionomer electrolyte are revealed,suggesting its correlation with self-discharge behavior.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11675109)Biomedical Engineering Cross Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2016MS12)the Australian Research Council for partial support。
文摘The DC-driven atmospheric-pressure microplasma is generated in a helium gas flowing through the metal tube cathode and is brought into contact with the surface of the water with the immersed Pt anode.By adjusting the gas flow,discharge current and gap distance,self-organized patterns are observed and varied sequentially from the homogeneous spot to the ring-like shape,distinct spot shape and the gearwheel shape on the water surface.The electrode temperature is measured and the gas temperature of the plasma discharge is calculated through the numericalfitting of the second positive system of the spectrum of N2 molecules.It is shown that the pattern transition is related to the electrode and gas temperatures of the plasma.Moreover,specific discretization features of the patterns are shown to appear at certain gas temperatures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2019YFB2102903]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41801306]+1 种基金the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)[grant number 2022034]a grant from State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System.
文摘Poverty threatens human development especially for developing countries,so ending poverty has become one of the most important United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study aims to explore China’s progress in poverty reduction from 2016 to 2019 through time-series multi-source geospatial data and a deep learning model.The poverty reduction efficiency(PRE)is measured by the difference in the out-of-poverty rates(which measures the probability of being not poor)of 2016 and 2019.The study shows that the probability of poverty in all regions of China has shown an overall decreasing trend(PRE=0.264),which indicates that the progress in poverty reduction during this period is significant.The Hu Huanyong Line(Hu Line)shows an uneven geographical pattern of out-of-poverty rate between Southeast and Northwest China.From 2016 to 2019,the centroid of China’s out-of-poverty rate moved 105.786 km to the northeast while the standard deviation ellipse of the out-of-poverty rate moved 3 degrees away from the Hu Line,indicating that the regions with high out-of-poverty rates are more concentrated on the east side of the Hu Line from 2016 to 2019.The results imply that the government’s future poverty reduction policies should pay attention to the infrastructure construction in poor areas and appropriately increase the population density in poor areas.This study fills the gap in the research on poverty reduction under multiple scales and provides useful implications for the government’s poverty reduction policy.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(Grant 436494874)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 12204369)+1 种基金Science and Technology Agency of Shaanxi(Grant 2023-YBGY-459)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grants 2022M712551 and 2023T160505).
文摘A library of rod-like bolapolyphiles with sticky hydrogen-bonded glycerol groups at their ends and having highly branched side chains with a carbosilane-based four-way branching point,all based on the same oligo(phenylene ethynylene)core,has been synthesized and investigated.For these compounds,a A15-type Frank–Kasper phase is formed upon side-chain elongation in the steric frustration range at the transition from the triangular to the much larger square honeycombs.In contrast to the previously known tetrahedral sphere packings the A15 phase is in this case formed by tetrahedral networks of aggregates of parallelly organizedπ-conjugated rods.This allows the design of compounds with wide ranges of the A15 network down to room temperature.However,its formation becomes strongly disfavored by core fluorination that is attributed to a changing mode of core–core interaction that also modifies the square honeycombs by deformation of the squares into rectangular or rhombic cells,either with or without emergence of tilt of the rods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92477114,12204496,and 12422407)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Q23A040003)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2023J360).
文摘Antiferroelectric(AFE)materials have received great attention because of their potential applications in the energy sector.Nevertheless,the properties of AFE materials have not been explored for a long time,especially the atomic-scale understanding of AFE domain walls.Here,using first-principles-based machine learning potentials,we identify the atomic structures,energies,and dynamic properties of the domain walls for AFE lead zirconate.It is found that the domain wall can reduce the critical antiferroelectric-ferroelectric transition field.During the electric field-driven polarization switching process,the domain wall is immobile.Importantly,we observe that a distinct domain structure spontaneously forms in bulk lead zirconate upon annealing at 300 K.The domain structure exhibits an alternating array of clockwise–anticlockwise vortexes along radial with continuous polarization rotation.This anomalous AFE vortex is derived from the energy degeneracy in four possible orientations of the polarization order,which can enhance the dielectric response in the terahertz.The current results give an implication for the emergence of AFE vortex in AFE materials as well as ferroelectric materials.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDC0110300)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3403602 and 2022YFC2106000)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300529,32270100,and 32271481)the Innovation Fund of Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology(22HHSWSS00014)the Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Inno-vation Capacity Improvement Project(TSBICIP-PTJJ-007-12).
文摘Nowadays,biological databases are playing an increasingly critical role in biological research.Myceliophthora thermophila is an excellent thermophilic fungal chassis for industrial enzyme production and plant biomass-based chemical synthesis.The lack of a dedicated public database has made access to and reanalysis of M.thermophila data difficult.To bridge this gap,we developed MTD(https://mtd.biodesign.ac.cn/),a cloud-based omics database and interactive platform for M.thermophila.MTD integrates comprehensive genome annotations,sequence-based predictions,transcriptome data,curated experimental descriptions,and bioinformatics analysis tools,offering a comprehensive,one-stop solution with a‘top-down’search strategy to streamline M.thermophila research.The platform supports data reproduction,rapid querying,and in-depth mining of existing tran-scriptome datasets.Based on analyses using data and tools in MTD,we identified shifts in metabolic allocation in a glucoamylase hyperproduction strain of M.thermophila,highlighting changes in fatty acid biosynthesis and amino acids biosynthesis pathways,which provide new insights into the underlying phenotypic alterations.As a pioneering resource,MTD marks a key advancement in M.thermophila research and sets the model for developing similar databases for other species.
基金supported by the LingChuang Re-search Project of China National Nuclear Corporation。
文摘The effect of polyacrylic acid(PAA)on the corrosion behavior of Alloy 690 in simulated pressurized water reactor secondary water was investigated.The duplex oxide film structure,consisting of a Ni-rich outer layer and a Cr-rich inner layer,was maintained regardless of PAA presence.PAA inhibited the growth of outer Ni-rich particles while promoting Cr enrichment in the inner layer and inducing its amorphization,both enhancing oxidation resistance.However,excess PAA(≥500 ppb)suppressed protective oxide formation during initial oxidation,leading to oxygen penetration into the matrix.A PAA concentration of around 250 ppb is considered optimal for steam generators,as it provides the benefits of PAA without adverse effects on the alloy.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （Nos. 2016YFA0200103, 2013CB932603, 2012CB933404, and 2013CB934600）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51520105003 and 51432002）, the Ministry of Education （No. 20120001130010）, and the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project （No. Z151100003315013）.
文摘Fast and uniform growth of high-quality graphene on conventional glass is of great importance for practical applications of graphene glass. We report herein a confined-flow chemical vapor deposition （CVD） approach for the high- efficiency fabrication of graphene glass. The key feature of our approach is the fabrication of a 2-4 μm wide gap above the glass substrate, with plenty of stumbling blocks; this gap was found to significantly increase the collision probability of the carbon precursors and reactive fragments between one another and with the glass surface. As a result, the growth rate of graphene glass increased remarkably, together with an improvement in the growth quality and uniformity as compared to those in the conventional gas flow CVD technique. These high-quality graphene glasses exhibited an excellent defogging performance with much higher defogging speed and higher stability compared to those previously reported. The graphene sapphire glass was found to be an ideal substrate for growing uniform and ultra-smooth aluminum nitride thin films without the tedious pre-deposition of a buffer layer. The presented confined- flow CVD approach offers a simple and low-cost route for the mass production of graphene glass, which is believed to promote the practical applications of various graphene glasses.
