Visual tracking has been widely applied in construction industry and attracted signifi-cant interests recently. Lots of research studies have adopted visual tracking techniques on the surveillance of construction work...Visual tracking has been widely applied in construction industry and attracted signifi-cant interests recently. Lots of research studies have adopted visual tracking techniques on the surveillance of construction workforce, project productivity and construction safety. Until now, visual tracking algorithms have gained promising performance when tracking un-articulated equipment in construction sites. However, state-of-art tracking algorithms have unguaranteed performance in tracking articulated equipment, such as backhoes and excavators. The stretching buckets and booms are the main obstacles of successfully tracking articulated equipment. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the part-based tracking algorithms are introduced in this paper for tracking articulated equipment in construction sites. The part-based tracking is able to track different parts of target equipment while using multiple tracking algorithms at the same sequence. Some existing tracking methods have been chosen according to their outstanding performance in the computer vision community. Then, the part-based algorithms were created on the basis of selected visual tracking methods and tested by real construction sequences. In this way, the tracking performance was evaluated from effectiveness and robustness aspects. Throughout the quantification analysis, the tracking performance of articulated equipment was much more improved by using the part-based tracking algorithms.展开更多
Lavandulol,the primary chemical constituent of lavender essential oil,is an irregular monoterpene present in Lavandula angustifolia.It has been employed in the spice and cosmetic industries owing to its pleasing aroma...Lavandulol,the primary chemical constituent of lavender essential oil,is an irregular monoterpene present in Lavandula angustifolia.It has been employed in the spice and cosmetic industries owing to its pleasing aromatic properties.In addition,its efficacy as an inhibitor of insect mating behaviour has led to incorporation within synthetic pheromone formulations.With the development of synthetic biology,more terpenoids are synthesized utilizing microorganisms.In this study,lavandulol was biosynthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time.An initial screening of lavandulyl diphosphate candidates was performed to identify enzymes compatible with heterologous expression in yeast.To increase the supply of DMAPP,the key enzymes of the MVA pathway,IDI1 and tHMG,as well as IDI1,ERG12,and ERG8 were overexpressed.Furthermore,the metabolic flow loss of acetyl-CoA and DMAPP was also reduced by deleting the genes of MLS1 and CIT2,as well as replacing the ERG20 promoter.Through the modification of lavandulyl diphosphate synthase,the flask titer was increased to 136.68 mg/L.Finally,the highest reported level of lavandulol production(308.92 mg/L)in S.cerevisiae was achieved by fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor.To our knowledge,this is the first report of heterologous biosynthesis of lavandulol in S.cerevisiae.展开更多
AutoDock Vina(Vina)is a widely adopted molecular docking tool,often regarded as a standard or used as a baseline in numerous studies.However,its computational process is highly time-consuming.The pioneering field-prog...AutoDock Vina(Vina)is a widely adopted molecular docking tool,often regarded as a standard or used as a baseline in numerous studies.However,its computational process is highly time-consuming.The pioneering field-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based accelerator of Vina,known as Vina-FPGA,offers a high energy-efficiency approach to speed up the docking process.However,the computation modules in the Vina-FPGA design are not efficiently used.This is due to Vina exhibiting irregular behaviors in the form of nested loops with changing upper bounds and differing control flows.Fortunately,Vina employs the Monte Carlo iterative search method,which requires independent computations for different random initial inputs.This characteristic provides an opportunity to implement further parallel computation designs.To this end,this paper proposes Vina-FPGA2,an inter-module pipeline design for further accelerating Vina-FPGA.First,we use individual computational task(Task)independence by sequentially filling Tasks into computation modules.Then,we implement an inter-module pipeline parallel design by the Tag Checker module and architectural modifications,named Vina-FPGA2-Baseline.Next,to achieve resource-efficient hardware implementation,we describe it as an optimization problem and develop a reinforcement learning-based solver.Targeting the Xilinx UltraScale XCKU060 platform,this solver yields a more efficient implementation,named Vina-FPGA2-Enhanced.Finally,experiments show that Vina-FPGA2-Enhanced achieves an average 12.6×performance improvement over the central processing unit(CPU)and a 3.3×improvement over Vina-FPGA.Compared to Vina-GPU,Vina-FPGA2 achieves a 7.2×enhancement in energy efficiency.展开更多
With rapid urbanization in China,an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space.Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions,and can no longer sufficiently support children t...With rapid urbanization in China,an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space.Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions,and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities.As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities,the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities.The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities.It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth.Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design,children’s growth and environment,and street-game spaces,this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires,interviews,observations,and other methods.Then,from the perspective of cognitive affordance,functional affordance,and social affordance,it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group.Finally,from the perspectives of openness and security,preference and diversity,positive and negative,and reality and potential,it proposes a method to assess the existing environment.This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities,and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels,so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness.This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.展开更多
Aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))ceramics have been widely utilized as circuit substrates owing to their exceptional performance.In this study,boron nitride microribbon(BNMR)/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics are prepared using...Aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))ceramics have been widely utilized as circuit substrates owing to their exceptional performance.In this study,boron nitride microribbon(BNMR)/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics are prepared using spark plasma sintering(SPS).This study examines the effect of varying the amount of toughened phase BNMR on the density,mechanical properties,dielectric constant,and thermal conductivity of BNMR/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics while also exploring the mechanisms behind the toughening and increased thermal conductivity of the fabricated ceramics.The results showed that for a BNMR content of 5 wt%,BNMR/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics displayed more enhanced characteristics than pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.In particular,the relative density,hardness,fracture toughness,and bending strength were 99.95%±0.025%,34.11±1.5 GPa,5.42±0.21 MPa·m^(1/2),and 375±2.5 MPa,respectively.These values represent increases of 0.76%,70%,35%,and 25%,respectively,compared with the corresponding values for pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.Furthermore,during the SPS process,BNMRs are subjected to high temperatures and pressures,resulting in the bending and deformation of the Al_(2)O_(3)matrix;this leads to the formation of special thermal pathways within it.The dielectric constant of the composite ceramics decreased by 25.6%,whereas the thermal conductivity increased by 45.6%compared with that of the pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.The results of this study provide valuable insights into ways of enhancing the performance of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic substrates by incorporating novel BNMRs as a second phase.These improvements are significant for potential applications in circuit substrates and related fields that require high-performance materials with improved mechanical properties and thermal conductivities.展开更多
The practical applications of lithium metal batteries are limited by uncontrolled dendrite growth during cycling.Herein,we propose a simple and scalable approach to stabilize lithium metal anodes using laser scribing ...The practical applications of lithium metal batteries are limited by uncontrolled dendrite growth during cycling.Herein,we propose a simple and scalable approach to stabilize lithium metal anodes using laser scribing technology to integratively design and construct a laser-induced graphene(LIG)with lithiophilic metal oxide nanoparticles.The porous LIG and lithiophilic MnOx nanoparticles effectively reduce the nucleation overpotential of Li and regulate uniform Li plating,while the array structure offers continuous and ultra-fast ion/electron transport channels,accelerating Lit transport kinetics at high rate and high capacity.Consequently,the Li@MnOx@LIG-a anode exhibits superior rate capability of up to 40 mA cm^(-2) with low nucleation overpotential.It also can withstand ultra-high Li capacity to 20 mAh cm^(-2) without dendrite growth and stably cycle for 3000 h with 100%depth of discharge at 40 mA cm^(-2).More importantly,this technology can be expanded to other metal oxides for various metal batteries.展开更多
Hyper-gravity experiment enable the acceleration of the long-term transport of contaminants through fractured geological barriers.However,the hyper-gravity effect of the solute transport in fractures are not well unde...Hyper-gravity experiment enable the acceleration of the long-term transport of contaminants through fractured geological barriers.However,the hyper-gravity effect of the solute transport in fractures are not well understood.In this study,the sealed control apparatus and the 3D printed fracture models were used to carry out 1 g and N g hyper-gravity experiments.The results show that the breakthrough curves for the 1 g and N g experiments were almost the same.The differences in the flow velocity and the fitted hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient were 0.97–3.12%and 9.09–20.4%,indicating that the internal fractures of the 3D printed fracture models remained stable under hyper-gravity,and the differences in the flow and solute transport characteristics were acceptable.A method for evaluating the long-term barrier performance of low-permeability fractured rocks was proposed based on the hyper-gravity experiment.The solute transport processes in the 1 g prototype,1 g scaled model,and N g scaled model were simulated by the OpenGeoSys(OGS)software.The results show that the N g scaled model can reproduce the flow and solute transport processes in the 1 g prototype without considering the micro-scale heterogeneity if the Reynolds number(Re)critical Reynolds number(Recr)and the Peclet number(Pe)the critical Peclet number(Pecr).This insight is valuable for carrying out hyper-gravity experiments to evaluate the long-term barrier performance of low-permeability fractured porous rock.展开更多
Sarcoma is a complex and heterogeneous cancer that has been difficult to study in vitro.While two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures and mouse models have been the dominant research tools,three-dimensional(3D)culture system...Sarcoma is a complex and heterogeneous cancer that has been difficult to study in vitro.While two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures and mouse models have been the dominant research tools,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems such as organoids have emerged as promising alternatives.In this review,we discuss recent developments in sarcoma organoid culture,with a focus on their potential as tools for drug screening and biobanking.We also highlight the ways in which sarcoma organoids have been used to investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation,drug resistance,metastasis,and immune interactions.Sarcoma organoids have shown to retain characteristics of in vivo biology within an in vitro system,making them a more representative model for sarcoma research.Our review suggests that sarcoma organoids offer a potential path forward for translational research in this field and may provide a platform for developing personalized therapies for sarcoma patients.展开更多
文摘Visual tracking has been widely applied in construction industry and attracted signifi-cant interests recently. Lots of research studies have adopted visual tracking techniques on the surveillance of construction workforce, project productivity and construction safety. Until now, visual tracking algorithms have gained promising performance when tracking un-articulated equipment in construction sites. However, state-of-art tracking algorithms have unguaranteed performance in tracking articulated equipment, such as backhoes and excavators. The stretching buckets and booms are the main obstacles of successfully tracking articulated equipment. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the part-based tracking algorithms are introduced in this paper for tracking articulated equipment in construction sites. The part-based tracking is able to track different parts of target equipment while using multiple tracking algorithms at the same sequence. Some existing tracking methods have been chosen according to their outstanding performance in the computer vision community. Then, the part-based algorithms were created on the basis of selected visual tracking methods and tested by real construction sequences. In this way, the tracking performance was evaluated from effectiveness and robustness aspects. Throughout the quantification analysis, the tracking performance of articulated equipment was much more improved by using the part-based tracking algorithms.
基金supported by the"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(2025C01102)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0907900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300055).
文摘Lavandulol,the primary chemical constituent of lavender essential oil,is an irregular monoterpene present in Lavandula angustifolia.It has been employed in the spice and cosmetic industries owing to its pleasing aromatic properties.In addition,its efficacy as an inhibitor of insect mating behaviour has led to incorporation within synthetic pheromone formulations.With the development of synthetic biology,more terpenoids are synthesized utilizing microorganisms.In this study,lavandulol was biosynthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time.An initial screening of lavandulyl diphosphate candidates was performed to identify enzymes compatible with heterologous expression in yeast.To increase the supply of DMAPP,the key enzymes of the MVA pathway,IDI1 and tHMG,as well as IDI1,ERG12,and ERG8 were overexpressed.Furthermore,the metabolic flow loss of acetyl-CoA and DMAPP was also reduced by deleting the genes of MLS1 and CIT2,as well as replacing the ERG20 promoter.Through the modification of lavandulyl diphosphate synthase,the flask titer was increased to 136.68 mg/L.Finally,the highest reported level of lavandulol production(308.92 mg/L)in S.cerevisiae was achieved by fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor.To our knowledge,this is the first report of heterologous biosynthesis of lavandulol in S.cerevisiae.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92464301)the Big Data Computing Center of Southeast University。
文摘AutoDock Vina(Vina)is a widely adopted molecular docking tool,often regarded as a standard or used as a baseline in numerous studies.However,its computational process is highly time-consuming.The pioneering field-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based accelerator of Vina,known as Vina-FPGA,offers a high energy-efficiency approach to speed up the docking process.However,the computation modules in the Vina-FPGA design are not efficiently used.This is due to Vina exhibiting irregular behaviors in the form of nested loops with changing upper bounds and differing control flows.Fortunately,Vina employs the Monte Carlo iterative search method,which requires independent computations for different random initial inputs.This characteristic provides an opportunity to implement further parallel computation designs.To this end,this paper proposes Vina-FPGA2,an inter-module pipeline design for further accelerating Vina-FPGA.First,we use individual computational task(Task)independence by sequentially filling Tasks into computation modules.Then,we implement an inter-module pipeline parallel design by the Tag Checker module and architectural modifications,named Vina-FPGA2-Baseline.Next,to achieve resource-efficient hardware implementation,we describe it as an optimization problem and develop a reinforcement learning-based solver.Targeting the Xilinx UltraScale XCKU060 platform,this solver yields a more efficient implementation,named Vina-FPGA2-Enhanced.Finally,experiments show that Vina-FPGA2-Enhanced achieves an average 12.6×performance improvement over the central processing unit(CPU)and a 3.3×improvement over Vina-FPGA.Compared to Vina-GPU,Vina-FPGA2 achieves a 7.2×enhancement in energy efficiency.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant no.51978140).
文摘With rapid urbanization in China,an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space.Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions,and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities.As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities,the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities.The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities.It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth.Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design,children’s growth and environment,and street-game spaces,this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires,interviews,observations,and other methods.Then,from the perspective of cognitive affordance,functional affordance,and social affordance,it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group.Finally,from the perspectives of openness and security,preference and diversity,positive and negative,and reality and potential,it proposes a method to assess the existing environment.This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities,and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels,so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness.This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52262010)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023GXNSFAA026384)the Guilin Scientific Research and Technology Development Program(No.2020011203-3).
文摘Aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))ceramics have been widely utilized as circuit substrates owing to their exceptional performance.In this study,boron nitride microribbon(BNMR)/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics are prepared using spark plasma sintering(SPS).This study examines the effect of varying the amount of toughened phase BNMR on the density,mechanical properties,dielectric constant,and thermal conductivity of BNMR/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics while also exploring the mechanisms behind the toughening and increased thermal conductivity of the fabricated ceramics.The results showed that for a BNMR content of 5 wt%,BNMR/Al_(2)O_(3)composite ceramics displayed more enhanced characteristics than pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.In particular,the relative density,hardness,fracture toughness,and bending strength were 99.95%±0.025%,34.11±1.5 GPa,5.42±0.21 MPa·m^(1/2),and 375±2.5 MPa,respectively.These values represent increases of 0.76%,70%,35%,and 25%,respectively,compared with the corresponding values for pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.Furthermore,during the SPS process,BNMRs are subjected to high temperatures and pressures,resulting in the bending and deformation of the Al_(2)O_(3)matrix;this leads to the formation of special thermal pathways within it.The dielectric constant of the composite ceramics decreased by 25.6%,whereas the thermal conductivity increased by 45.6%compared with that of the pure Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics.The results of this study provide valuable insights into ways of enhancing the performance of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic substrates by incorporating novel BNMRs as a second phase.These improvements are significant for potential applications in circuit substrates and related fields that require high-performance materials with improved mechanical properties and thermal conductivities.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102222,51920105004)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515012143)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(No.202201010364)Research Program of Heyuan(Heke2021034).
文摘The practical applications of lithium metal batteries are limited by uncontrolled dendrite growth during cycling.Herein,we propose a simple and scalable approach to stabilize lithium metal anodes using laser scribing technology to integratively design and construct a laser-induced graphene(LIG)with lithiophilic metal oxide nanoparticles.The porous LIG and lithiophilic MnOx nanoparticles effectively reduce the nucleation overpotential of Li and regulate uniform Li plating,while the array structure offers continuous and ultra-fast ion/electron transport channels,accelerating Lit transport kinetics at high rate and high capacity.Consequently,the Li@MnOx@LIG-a anode exhibits superior rate capability of up to 40 mA cm^(-2) with low nucleation overpotential.It also can withstand ultra-high Li capacity to 20 mAh cm^(-2) without dendrite growth and stably cycle for 3000 h with 100%depth of discharge at 40 mA cm^(-2).More importantly,this technology can be expanded to other metal oxides for various metal batteries.
基金supported by the Basic Science Center Program for Multiphase Evolution in Hypergravity of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51988101)the National Key Research and Development Project China(No.2018YFC1802300)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42007262)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277128).
文摘Hyper-gravity experiment enable the acceleration of the long-term transport of contaminants through fractured geological barriers.However,the hyper-gravity effect of the solute transport in fractures are not well understood.In this study,the sealed control apparatus and the 3D printed fracture models were used to carry out 1 g and N g hyper-gravity experiments.The results show that the breakthrough curves for the 1 g and N g experiments were almost the same.The differences in the flow velocity and the fitted hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient were 0.97–3.12%and 9.09–20.4%,indicating that the internal fractures of the 3D printed fracture models remained stable under hyper-gravity,and the differences in the flow and solute transport characteristics were acceptable.A method for evaluating the long-term barrier performance of low-permeability fractured rocks was proposed based on the hyper-gravity experiment.The solute transport processes in the 1 g prototype,1 g scaled model,and N g scaled model were simulated by the OpenGeoSys(OGS)software.The results show that the N g scaled model can reproduce the flow and solute transport processes in the 1 g prototype without considering the micro-scale heterogeneity if the Reynolds number(Re)critical Reynolds number(Recr)and the Peclet number(Pe)the critical Peclet number(Pecr).This insight is valuable for carrying out hyper-gravity experiments to evaluate the long-term barrier performance of low-permeability fractured porous rock.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902745,82172500,82103228,82272664)Hunan Provincial Research and Development Program in Key Areas(2020DK2003).
文摘Sarcoma is a complex and heterogeneous cancer that has been difficult to study in vitro.While two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures and mouse models have been the dominant research tools,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems such as organoids have emerged as promising alternatives.In this review,we discuss recent developments in sarcoma organoid culture,with a focus on their potential as tools for drug screening and biobanking.We also highlight the ways in which sarcoma organoids have been used to investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation,drug resistance,metastasis,and immune interactions.Sarcoma organoids have shown to retain characteristics of in vivo biology within an in vitro system,making them a more representative model for sarcoma research.Our review suggests that sarcoma organoids offer a potential path forward for translational research in this field and may provide a platform for developing personalized therapies for sarcoma patients.
