Saccharide sensing is a very meaningful research topic as saccharides are involved in many biological activities.However,it is challenging to design molecular sensors for saccharides because this family of compounds i...Saccharide sensing is a very meaningful research topic as saccharides are involved in many biological activities.However,it is challenging to design molecular sensors for saccharides because this family of compounds is hydromimetic in aqueous solutions and shares a similar chemical structure.In this review,research progress in the development of porphyrin-based saccharide sensors is described with representative examples.We focus on using porphyrin as the signal reporter because porphyrins exhibit unique advantages in high chemical stability,long emission wavelength,and multiple structural modification strategies.Reported literature results have been classified into mainly two sections according to the general working principles of the porphyrin sensor molecules.In the first section,recognition unit,design strategy and sensing performance of traditional porphyrin-based selective saccharide sensors are discussed.While in the second section,development of porphyrin-based sensor arrays for pattern recognition of saccharides has been summarized.Looking through the design strategy and sensing performance of reported achievements,it is reasonable to anticipate a bright future for designing practical porphyrin-based saccharide sensors.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a major autoimmune disease characterized by significant joint inflammation and bone destruction.Many first-line RA treatment drugs such as methotrexate(MTX)have limited solubility in major s...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a major autoimmune disease characterized by significant joint inflammation and bone destruction.Many first-line RA treatment drugs such as methotrexate(MTX)have limited solubility in major solvents and are difficult to be delivered to RA joints in a sustained manner.Meanwhile,the efficient codelivery of osteoinductive ions such as magnesium ions(Mg^(2+))for RA treatment is also challenging due to the uncontrolled burst release.By capitalizing on the enhanced supramolecular interactions of cyanuric acid(CYA)upon the pH-induced keto-enol tautomerization,a supramolecular hydrogel(Gel-MTX/Mg)with efficient codelivery of MTX and Mg^(2+)is proposed.This hydrogel features pH-responsive on-demand release of MTX and Mg^(2+)in RA joints triggered by the pathological pH-induced keto-enol tautomerization of CYA.The release of MTX and Mg^(2+)from the Gel-MTX/Mg hydrogel induces anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization,inhibits osteoclast differentiation,and enhances osteoblastic differentiation.Furthermore,RNA-seq results reveal that the Gel-MTX/Mg hydrogel promotes the enrichment of signaling pathways related to anti-inflammatory and boneremodeling activities.One-time intra-articular administration of the Gel-MTX/Mg hydrogel significantly suppresses inflammation symptoms and protects bone and cartilage in a rat model.This supramolecular hydrogel that is capable of simultaneously delivering both therapeutic drugs and ions in response to pathological conditions has promising potential for the treatment of RA and other inflammatory and bone-degenerative diseases.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278229,22131005 and 21904066)333 High Level Talent Project of Jiangsu Province.
文摘Saccharide sensing is a very meaningful research topic as saccharides are involved in many biological activities.However,it is challenging to design molecular sensors for saccharides because this family of compounds is hydromimetic in aqueous solutions and shares a similar chemical structure.In this review,research progress in the development of porphyrin-based saccharide sensors is described with representative examples.We focus on using porphyrin as the signal reporter because porphyrins exhibit unique advantages in high chemical stability,long emission wavelength,and multiple structural modification strategies.Reported literature results have been classified into mainly two sections according to the general working principles of the porphyrin sensor molecules.In the first section,recognition unit,design strategy and sensing performance of traditional porphyrin-based selective saccharide sensors are discussed.While in the second section,development of porphyrin-based sensor arrays for pattern recognition of saccharides has been summarized.Looking through the design strategy and sensing performance of reported achievements,it is reasonable to anticipate a bright future for designing practical porphyrin-based saccharide sensors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(grant number 2023YFB3810202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(grant numbers 82172406,32271385)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(2025B1515020018)the GJYC program of Guangzhou,China(grant numbers 2024D03J0004,2024D01J0084)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(grant number 2024ZYGXZR086).
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a major autoimmune disease characterized by significant joint inflammation and bone destruction.Many first-line RA treatment drugs such as methotrexate(MTX)have limited solubility in major solvents and are difficult to be delivered to RA joints in a sustained manner.Meanwhile,the efficient codelivery of osteoinductive ions such as magnesium ions(Mg^(2+))for RA treatment is also challenging due to the uncontrolled burst release.By capitalizing on the enhanced supramolecular interactions of cyanuric acid(CYA)upon the pH-induced keto-enol tautomerization,a supramolecular hydrogel(Gel-MTX/Mg)with efficient codelivery of MTX and Mg^(2+)is proposed.This hydrogel features pH-responsive on-demand release of MTX and Mg^(2+)in RA joints triggered by the pathological pH-induced keto-enol tautomerization of CYA.The release of MTX and Mg^(2+)from the Gel-MTX/Mg hydrogel induces anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization,inhibits osteoclast differentiation,and enhances osteoblastic differentiation.Furthermore,RNA-seq results reveal that the Gel-MTX/Mg hydrogel promotes the enrichment of signaling pathways related to anti-inflammatory and boneremodeling activities.One-time intra-articular administration of the Gel-MTX/Mg hydrogel significantly suppresses inflammation symptoms and protects bone and cartilage in a rat model.This supramolecular hydrogel that is capable of simultaneously delivering both therapeutic drugs and ions in response to pathological conditions has promising potential for the treatment of RA and other inflammatory and bone-degenerative diseases.
