Defatted hickory meal(DHM),a by-product of hickory oil production,is a protein source rich in essential amino acids.In this study,the functional properties of DHM hydrolysate(DHMH)were assessed using in vitro and in v...Defatted hickory meal(DHM),a by-product of hickory oil production,is a protein source rich in essential amino acids.In this study,the functional properties of DHM hydrolysate(DHMH)were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays in context to its antioxidant and memory-enhancing effects.To induce memory impairment,D-galactose(D-gal)was administered to mice at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight per day,and DHMH was orally administered at doses of 300,600,and 1000 mg/kg body weight per day for 8 weeks.DHMH treatment led to improved memory performance in D-ga-induced memory-impaired mice,as observed in the Morris water maze test.Furthermore,DHMH mitigated the accumulation of amyloidβ_(1-42)triggered by D-gal exposure.Notably,high-dose DHMH significantly reduced the elevation of pro-inflammatory markers,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 1β,and interleukin 6.Additionally,DHMH prevented the decline in total superoxide dismutase activity,glutathione peroxidase activity,and glutathione levels,while reducing malondialdehyde content in D-gal-induced mice,indicative of its antioxidant properties.Moreover,DHMH treatment effectively prevented histological alterations in neurons within the hippocampal CA1 area induced by D-gal.Collectively,our findings suggest that DHMH may counteract memory dysfunctions resulting from oxidative stress injury in the brain positioning it as a potential candidate for use as a functional food.展开更多
Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly compose...Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly composed of very long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs);their derivatives,including esters,primary alcohols,secondary alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones;and triterpenoids.This complex mixture of lipids is probably biosynthesized in the epidermal cells of most plants and exuded onto the surface.Cuticular wax not only makes the fruit less susceptible to microbial infection but also reduces mechanical damage to the fruit,thereby maintaining the fruit’s commodity value.To date,research has mostly focused on the changes,function,and regulation of fruit wax before harvest,while ignoring the changes and functions of wax in fruit storage.This paper reviews on the composition,structure,and metabolic regulation of cuticular wax in fruits.It also focuses on postharvest factors affecting wax composition,such as storage temperature,relative humidity(RH),gas atmosphere,and as exogenous hormones;and the effects of wax on fruit postharvest quality,including water dispersion,fruit softening,physiological disorders,and disease resistance.These summaries may be of assistance in better understanding the changes in cuticular wax in postharvest fruit and the resulting effects on fruit quality.展开更多
As an effective way in finding the underlying parameters of a high-dimension space, manifold learning is popular in nonlinear dimensionality reduction which makes high-dimensional data easily to be observed and analyz...As an effective way in finding the underlying parameters of a high-dimension space, manifold learning is popular in nonlinear dimensionality reduction which makes high-dimensional data easily to be observed and analyzed. In this paper, Isomap, one of the most famous manifold learning algorithms, is applied to process closing prices of stocks of CSI 300 index from September 2009 to October 2011. Results indicate that Isomap algorithm not only reduces dimensionality of stock data successfully, but also classifies most stocks according to their trends efficiently.展开更多
Objective: To determine the transformation between two known crystal forms of the title compound (C18H23NO3, Mr = 301.37). Methods: To recrystallize or heat the crystals and determine the crystal form by testing the m...Objective: To determine the transformation between two known crystal forms of the title compound (C18H23NO3, Mr = 301.37). Methods: To recrystallize or heat the crystals and determine the crystal form by testing the melting points. Results: Both the two known crystal forms of the title compound can be changed by dissolving into different organic solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate. Crystal form I was not influenced by heating while crystal form II can be transformed to crystal form I through melting method. Conclusion: Organic solvents have significant influences on the two crystal forms of title compound. Crystal form I shows a better thermal stability than crystal form II.展开更多
Shifts in the realized niches of exotic species may play an important role in their invasion.Galinsoga quadriradiata has invaded China widely and occupied many climate zones that are different from its native range.We...Shifts in the realized niches of exotic species may play an important role in their invasion.Galinsoga quadriradiata has invaded China widely and occupied many climate zones that are different from its native range.We addressed the climatic niche shift of G.quadriradiata and evaluated how this could contribute to its invasion in China.We used the Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of G.quadriradiata using its native and invaded range occurrences and climatic variables.Principal component analysis was conducted to measure climatic niche shifts of G.quadriradiata during its invasion in China.The models revealed only 32.7%niche overlap between the native and invasive populations.The niche similarity of the two populations was significantly low(Schoener’s D=0.093,P<0.005),suggesting the occurrence of a niche shift.The envelop and center of the realized climatic niche in China has shifted to lower temperature and less precipitation compared to that in its native range.The majority of invaded areas in southern China are in the stabilizing zone,whereas the colonization and adaptation zones are predicted to be at the leading edge of G.quadriradiata invasion in northern China.This suggests that the regional distribution of G.quadriradiata may be in a quasi-equilibrium state,and that the species continues to invade environmentally suitable areas.Alterations in G.quadriradiata’s niche would help to explain why this species is so invasive in China.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Hanzhou(20231203A03)。
文摘Defatted hickory meal(DHM),a by-product of hickory oil production,is a protein source rich in essential amino acids.In this study,the functional properties of DHM hydrolysate(DHMH)were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays in context to its antioxidant and memory-enhancing effects.To induce memory impairment,D-galactose(D-gal)was administered to mice at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight per day,and DHMH was orally administered at doses of 300,600,and 1000 mg/kg body weight per day for 8 weeks.DHMH treatment led to improved memory performance in D-ga-induced memory-impaired mice,as observed in the Morris water maze test.Furthermore,DHMH mitigated the accumulation of amyloidβ_(1-42)triggered by D-gal exposure.Notably,high-dose DHMH significantly reduced the elevation of pro-inflammatory markers,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 1β,and interleukin 6.Additionally,DHMH prevented the decline in total superoxide dismutase activity,glutathione peroxidase activity,and glutathione levels,while reducing malondialdehyde content in D-gal-induced mice,indicative of its antioxidant properties.Moreover,DHMH treatment effectively prevented histological alterations in neurons within the hippocampal CA1 area induced by D-gal.Collectively,our findings suggest that DHMH may counteract memory dysfunctions resulting from oxidative stress injury in the brain positioning it as a potential candidate for use as a functional food.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772042)Ramóny Cajal grant(RYC2020-030365-I)+1 种基金Xunta de Galicia for supporting the program(Excelencia-ED431F2022/01)the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C02015).
文摘Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly composed of very long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs);their derivatives,including esters,primary alcohols,secondary alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones;and triterpenoids.This complex mixture of lipids is probably biosynthesized in the epidermal cells of most plants and exuded onto the surface.Cuticular wax not only makes the fruit less susceptible to microbial infection but also reduces mechanical damage to the fruit,thereby maintaining the fruit’s commodity value.To date,research has mostly focused on the changes,function,and regulation of fruit wax before harvest,while ignoring the changes and functions of wax in fruit storage.This paper reviews on the composition,structure,and metabolic regulation of cuticular wax in fruits.It also focuses on postharvest factors affecting wax composition,such as storage temperature,relative humidity(RH),gas atmosphere,and as exogenous hormones;and the effects of wax on fruit postharvest quality,including water dispersion,fruit softening,physiological disorders,and disease resistance.These summaries may be of assistance in better understanding the changes in cuticular wax in postharvest fruit and the resulting effects on fruit quality.
文摘As an effective way in finding the underlying parameters of a high-dimension space, manifold learning is popular in nonlinear dimensionality reduction which makes high-dimensional data easily to be observed and analyzed. In this paper, Isomap, one of the most famous manifold learning algorithms, is applied to process closing prices of stocks of CSI 300 index from September 2009 to October 2011. Results indicate that Isomap algorithm not only reduces dimensionality of stock data successfully, but also classifies most stocks according to their trends efficiently.
文摘Objective: To determine the transformation between two known crystal forms of the title compound (C18H23NO3, Mr = 301.37). Methods: To recrystallize or heat the crystals and determine the crystal form by testing the melting points. Results: Both the two known crystal forms of the title compound can be changed by dissolving into different organic solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate. Crystal form I was not influenced by heating while crystal form II can be transformed to crystal form I through melting method. Conclusion: Organic solvents have significant influences on the two crystal forms of title compound. Crystal form I shows a better thermal stability than crystal form II.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071520,31600445 and 31570425)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-286)+2 种基金the Central University Innovation Team Project(GK202001006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103072 and 2020CSLY014)the Research Funds of Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology,and the Research Funds of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(202113).
文摘Shifts in the realized niches of exotic species may play an important role in their invasion.Galinsoga quadriradiata has invaded China widely and occupied many climate zones that are different from its native range.We addressed the climatic niche shift of G.quadriradiata and evaluated how this could contribute to its invasion in China.We used the Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of G.quadriradiata using its native and invaded range occurrences and climatic variables.Principal component analysis was conducted to measure climatic niche shifts of G.quadriradiata during its invasion in China.The models revealed only 32.7%niche overlap between the native and invasive populations.The niche similarity of the two populations was significantly low(Schoener’s D=0.093,P<0.005),suggesting the occurrence of a niche shift.The envelop and center of the realized climatic niche in China has shifted to lower temperature and less precipitation compared to that in its native range.The majority of invaded areas in southern China are in the stabilizing zone,whereas the colonization and adaptation zones are predicted to be at the leading edge of G.quadriradiata invasion in northern China.This suggests that the regional distribution of G.quadriradiata may be in a quasi-equilibrium state,and that the species continues to invade environmentally suitable areas.Alterations in G.quadriradiata’s niche would help to explain why this species is so invasive in China.
