Oxygen evolution reaction is critical for water splitting or metal-air batteries,but previous research mainly focuses on electrode material or structure optimization.Herein,we demonstrate that surfactant modification ...Oxygen evolution reaction is critical for water splitting or metal-air batteries,but previous research mainly focuses on electrode material or structure optimization.Herein,we demonstrate that surfactant modification of a NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) array electrode,one of the best catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER),could achieve superaerophobic surface with balanced surface charges,affording fast mass transfer,quick gas release,and boosted OER performance.The assembled surfactants on the electrode surface are responsible for lowering the bubble adhesive force (~ 1.03 μN) and corresponding fast release of small bubbles generated during OER.In addition,the bipolar nature of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) molecule lead to bilayer assembly of the surfactants with the polar ends facing the electrode surface and the electrolyte,resulting in neutralized charges on the electrode surface.As a result,OH-transfer was facilitated and OER performance was enhanced.With the modified superaerophobic surface and balanced surface charge,NiFe LDHs-CTAB nanostructured electrode showed ultrahigh current density increase (9.39 mA(mV·cm^2)),2.3 times higher than that for conventional NiFe LDH nanoarray electrode),dramatically fast gas release,and excellent durability.The introduction of surfactants to construct under-water superaerophobic electrode with in-time repelling ability to the as-formed gas bubbles may open up a new pathway for designing efficient electrodes for gas evolution systems with potentially practical application in the near future.展开更多
Background:The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and econom...Background:The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide.Over time,SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for mutation.As the most prevalent new coronavirus variety worldwide,the Omicron variant has supplanted the Delta variant.The COVID-19 primarily damages the immune system and the lungs,but it can also harm other organs secondarily,depending on the patients'co-existing conditions.Main Text:COVID-19 is associated with ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctival congestion,tear overflow,and conjunctival edema,with the majority of eye complications occurring in patients with severe infection.The virus may make a patient more susceptible to thrombotic conditions that affect venous and arterial circulation.Meanwhile,it can lead to efferent complications and mucormycosis which is more common in patients with diabetes or who have critical or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Significantly,there are a number of ocular side effects following the COVID-19 vaccination,such as herpetic keratitis and facial nerve palsy,which have been reported.These side effects may be caused by the vaccinations'propensity to trigger autoimmune symptoms or thromboembolic events.At present,large-scale nucleic acid testing mainly relies on nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs.Tear samples and conjunctival swabs may be helpful samples for the diagnosis of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection.The eye could be a new route of infection,and finding ways such as effective environmental disinfection,scientific administrative control management,qualified personal protection and other measures to protect the eyes could further reduce the risk of infection.Conclusions:This review aims to sum up the ocular complications of COVID-19,the possible pathogenesis,and preventive strategies to protect ophthalmology practitioners and patients by reviewing the currently available literature on the topic.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Long-Term Subsidy Mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of China,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFF0204402 and 2018YFB1502401).
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction is critical for water splitting or metal-air batteries,but previous research mainly focuses on electrode material or structure optimization.Herein,we demonstrate that surfactant modification of a NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) array electrode,one of the best catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER),could achieve superaerophobic surface with balanced surface charges,affording fast mass transfer,quick gas release,and boosted OER performance.The assembled surfactants on the electrode surface are responsible for lowering the bubble adhesive force (~ 1.03 μN) and corresponding fast release of small bubbles generated during OER.In addition,the bipolar nature of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) molecule lead to bilayer assembly of the surfactants with the polar ends facing the electrode surface and the electrolyte,resulting in neutralized charges on the electrode surface.As a result,OH-transfer was facilitated and OER performance was enhanced.With the modified superaerophobic surface and balanced surface charge,NiFe LDHs-CTAB nanostructured electrode showed ultrahigh current density increase (9.39 mA(mV·cm^2)),2.3 times higher than that for conventional NiFe LDH nanoarray electrode),dramatically fast gas release,and excellent durability.The introduction of surfactants to construct under-water superaerophobic electrode with in-time repelling ability to the as-formed gas bubbles may open up a new pathway for designing efficient electrodes for gas evolution systems with potentially practical application in the near future.
文摘Background:The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide.Over time,SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for mutation.As the most prevalent new coronavirus variety worldwide,the Omicron variant has supplanted the Delta variant.The COVID-19 primarily damages the immune system and the lungs,but it can also harm other organs secondarily,depending on the patients'co-existing conditions.Main Text:COVID-19 is associated with ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctival congestion,tear overflow,and conjunctival edema,with the majority of eye complications occurring in patients with severe infection.The virus may make a patient more susceptible to thrombotic conditions that affect venous and arterial circulation.Meanwhile,it can lead to efferent complications and mucormycosis which is more common in patients with diabetes or who have critical or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Significantly,there are a number of ocular side effects following the COVID-19 vaccination,such as herpetic keratitis and facial nerve palsy,which have been reported.These side effects may be caused by the vaccinations'propensity to trigger autoimmune symptoms or thromboembolic events.At present,large-scale nucleic acid testing mainly relies on nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs.Tear samples and conjunctival swabs may be helpful samples for the diagnosis of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection.The eye could be a new route of infection,and finding ways such as effective environmental disinfection,scientific administrative control management,qualified personal protection and other measures to protect the eyes could further reduce the risk of infection.Conclusions:This review aims to sum up the ocular complications of COVID-19,the possible pathogenesis,and preventive strategies to protect ophthalmology practitioners and patients by reviewing the currently available literature on the topic.
