The electrolyte in the flow battery is the carrier of energy storage,however,there are few studies on electrolyte for iron-chromium redox flow batteries(ICRFB).The low utilization rate and rapid capacity decay of ICRF...The electrolyte in the flow battery is the carrier of energy storage,however,there are few studies on electrolyte for iron-chromium redox flow batteries(ICRFB).The low utilization rate and rapid capacity decay of ICRFB electrolyte have always been a challenging problem.Herein,the effect of Fe/Cr molar ratio,and concentration of HCl on the performance of ICRFBs at high current density(140 mA cm^(-2))are investigated.The average energy efficiency of the optimal electrolyte(1.25 M FeCl_(2),1.50 M CrCl_(3),3.0 M HCl)increases by 5.99%in the first 20 cycles,and the discharge capacity increases by 15.72%in the first cycle compared to the original commercial electrolyte(1.0 M FeCl_(2),1.0 M CrCl_(3),3.0 M HCl).This electrolyte also shows a longer cycle life.In addition,the COMSOL simulation on the concentration change of electrolyte in ICRFB is proposed,the effect of physical properties on the electrolyte is further explained.Through the simulation and analysis of this complex system,researchers can better understand the performance of flow battery systems.It is important to consider various challenges and constraints that might be encountered in practical applications.This work effectively saves the cost of ICRFB and further provides data support for their engineering applications.展开更多
Due to the advantages of low cost and good stability,iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have been widely used in energy storage development.However,issues such as poor Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)activity still need to be address...Due to the advantages of low cost and good stability,iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have been widely used in energy storage development.However,issues such as poor Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)activity still need to be addressed urgently.To improve the slow reaction kinetics of the Cr redox pairs,we propose a method of preparing nano bismuth catalyst modified carbon cloth electrode(TBCC)based on intrinsic defect assisted catalyst attachment.By utilizing the carbon thermal reaction to firmly adhere the bismuth catalyst to the electrode surface,the electrochemical performance and reaction kinetics of the TBCC electrode are significantly improved.It proved that the polarization of the battery assembled with the modified electrode was reduced,and the energy efficiency was significantly improved compared to the original carbon cloth electrode.Charging and discharging tests were conducted at a high current density of 140 mA/cm^(2),achieving average energy efficiency of up to 82.9%,and even achieving ultra-high energy efficiency of 88.95%at the current density of 80 mA/cm^(2).This provides broad prospects for the commercialization of ICRFBs.展开更多
The performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries is significantly influenced by the electrochemical activity of chromium and iron ions,with a particular emphasis on the reactivity of chromium.However,the impact o...The performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries is significantly influenced by the electrochemical activity of chromium and iron ions,with a particular emphasis on the reactivity of chromium.However,the impact of the chemical properties of chromium ions on the efficiency of electrochemical reactions remains largely unexplored.In this study,we introduced PbCl_(2) into the electrolyte and achieved in-situ electrodeposition of the lead-based catalyst.Our findings indicate that the incorporation of lead ions effectively enhances the chromium half-reaction while inhibiting hydrogen evolution.Experimental analyses and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that PbCl_(2) does not significantly affect the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte,its influence is mainly due to the electrochemical deposition on the electrode surface.The observed performance improvement is ascribed to the combined effects of Pb and Pb(ClO_(3))_(2),which catalyze the redox reaction of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+).In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry monitoring of the hydrogen evolution signal demonstrates a clear inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction.Notably,the addition of 40 mM Pb^(2+)significantly reduces the overpotential of the reaction,allowing the energy efficiency of the battery to reach 83.90%at a current density of 140 mA/cm^(2),which represents a 5.68%increase compared to the original electrolyte(78.22%).Furthermore,this configuration enables long-term stable operation over 400 cycles.This research presents an innovative approach to enhancing the performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries,characterized by its simplicity and cost-effectiveness.展开更多
With the deployment of renewable energy and the increasing demand for power grid modernization,redox flow battery has attracted a lot of research interest in recent years.Among the available energy storage technologie...With the deployment of renewable energy and the increasing demand for power grid modernization,redox flow battery has attracted a lot of research interest in recent years.Among the available energy storage technologies,the redox flow battery is considered the most promising candidate battery due to its unlimited capacity,design flexibility,and safety.In this review,we summarize the latest progress and improvement strategies of common inorganic redox flow batteries,such as vanadium redox flow batteries,iron-chromium redox flow batteries,and zinc-based redox flow batteries,including electrolyte,membrane,electrode,structure design,etc.In addition,we introduce the latest progress in aqueous and non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries.We also focus on the modification mechanism,optimization design,improvement strategy,and modeling method of the redox flow battery reaction.Finally,this review presents a brief summary,challenges,and perspectives of the redox flow battery.展开更多
Iron-chromium redox flow battery(ICRFB)is an electrochemical energy storage technology that plays a vital role in dealing with the problems of discontinuity and instability of massive new energy generation and improvi...Iron-chromium redox flow battery(ICRFB)is an electrochemical energy storage technology that plays a vital role in dealing with the problems of discontinuity and instability of massive new energy generation and improving the acceptance capacity of the power grid.Carbon cloth electrode(CC)is the main site where the electrochemical reaction occurs,which always suffers from the disadvantages of poor electrochemical reactivity.A new N-B codoped co-regulation Ti composite CC electrode(T-B-CC)is firstly generated and applied to ICRFB,where the REDOX reaction can be promoted significantly owing to the plentiful active sites generated on the modified electrode.As contrasted with ICRFB with normal CC electrode,after 50 battery charge/discharge cycles,the discharge capacity(1,990.3 mAh vs 1,155.8 mAh)and electrolyte utilization(61.88%vs 35.94%)of ICRFB with CC electrode(T-B-CC)are significantly improved.Furthermore,the energy efficiency(EE)is maintained at about 82.7%under 50 cycles,which is 9.3%higher than that of the pristine electrically assembled cells.The comodulation of heteroatom doping and the introduction of Ti catalysts is a simple and easy method to improve the dynamics of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)and Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)reactions,enhancing the performance of ICRFBs.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22308378,22393963)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22478423)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Nos.2462023XKBH005,2462024BJRC017).
文摘The electrolyte in the flow battery is the carrier of energy storage,however,there are few studies on electrolyte for iron-chromium redox flow batteries(ICRFB).The low utilization rate and rapid capacity decay of ICRFB electrolyte have always been a challenging problem.Herein,the effect of Fe/Cr molar ratio,and concentration of HCl on the performance of ICRFBs at high current density(140 mA cm^(-2))are investigated.The average energy efficiency of the optimal electrolyte(1.25 M FeCl_(2),1.50 M CrCl_(3),3.0 M HCl)increases by 5.99%in the first 20 cycles,and the discharge capacity increases by 15.72%in the first cycle compared to the original commercial electrolyte(1.0 M FeCl_(2),1.0 M CrCl_(3),3.0 M HCl).This electrolyte also shows a longer cycle life.In addition,the COMSOL simulation on the concentration change of electrolyte in ICRFB is proposed,the effect of physical properties on the electrolyte is further explained.Through the simulation and analysis of this complex system,researchers can better understand the performance of flow battery systems.It is important to consider various challenges and constraints that might be encountered in practical applications.This work effectively saves the cost of ICRFB and further provides data support for their engineering applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22308378,22393963,22308380)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Nos.2462023XKBH005 and 2462024BJRC017).
文摘Due to the advantages of low cost and good stability,iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have been widely used in energy storage development.However,issues such as poor Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)activity still need to be addressed urgently.To improve the slow reaction kinetics of the Cr redox pairs,we propose a method of preparing nano bismuth catalyst modified carbon cloth electrode(TBCC)based on intrinsic defect assisted catalyst attachment.By utilizing the carbon thermal reaction to firmly adhere the bismuth catalyst to the electrode surface,the electrochemical performance and reaction kinetics of the TBCC electrode are significantly improved.It proved that the polarization of the battery assembled with the modified electrode was reduced,and the energy efficiency was significantly improved compared to the original carbon cloth electrode.Charging and discharging tests were conducted at a high current density of 140 mA/cm^(2),achieving average energy efficiency of up to 82.9%,and even achieving ultra-high energy efficiency of 88.95%at the current density of 80 mA/cm^(2).This provides broad prospects for the commercialization of ICRFBs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22308378,22393963,22478423)Major science and technology projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024A01001)“Vice President of Science and Technology”of Changping District Beijing,the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Nos.2462023XKBH005,2462024BJRC017).
文摘The performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries is significantly influenced by the electrochemical activity of chromium and iron ions,with a particular emphasis on the reactivity of chromium.However,the impact of the chemical properties of chromium ions on the efficiency of electrochemical reactions remains largely unexplored.In this study,we introduced PbCl_(2) into the electrolyte and achieved in-situ electrodeposition of the lead-based catalyst.Our findings indicate that the incorporation of lead ions effectively enhances the chromium half-reaction while inhibiting hydrogen evolution.Experimental analyses and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that PbCl_(2) does not significantly affect the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte,its influence is mainly due to the electrochemical deposition on the electrode surface.The observed performance improvement is ascribed to the combined effects of Pb and Pb(ClO_(3))_(2),which catalyze the redox reaction of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+).In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry monitoring of the hydrogen evolution signal demonstrates a clear inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction.Notably,the addition of 40 mM Pb^(2+)significantly reduces the overpotential of the reaction,allowing the energy efficiency of the battery to reach 83.90%at a current density of 140 mA/cm^(2),which represents a 5.68%increase compared to the original electrolyte(78.22%).Furthermore,this configuration enables long-term stable operation over 400 cycles.This research presents an innovative approach to enhancing the performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries,characterized by its simplicity and cost-effectiveness.
基金This work was fully supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52211530034)the foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Nos.2462020YXZZ018 and 2462023XKBH005)the foundation of Beijing National Science Foundation(No.3222018).
文摘With the deployment of renewable energy and the increasing demand for power grid modernization,redox flow battery has attracted a lot of research interest in recent years.Among the available energy storage technologies,the redox flow battery is considered the most promising candidate battery due to its unlimited capacity,design flexibility,and safety.In this review,we summarize the latest progress and improvement strategies of common inorganic redox flow batteries,such as vanadium redox flow batteries,iron-chromium redox flow batteries,and zinc-based redox flow batteries,including electrolyte,membrane,electrode,structure design,etc.In addition,we introduce the latest progress in aqueous and non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries.We also focus on the modification mechanism,optimization design,improvement strategy,and modeling method of the redox flow battery reaction.Finally,this review presents a brief summary,challenges,and perspectives of the redox flow battery.
基金National Nature Science Foudation of China(No.22308378)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(2462023XKBH005,ZX20230078).
文摘Iron-chromium redox flow battery(ICRFB)is an electrochemical energy storage technology that plays a vital role in dealing with the problems of discontinuity and instability of massive new energy generation and improving the acceptance capacity of the power grid.Carbon cloth electrode(CC)is the main site where the electrochemical reaction occurs,which always suffers from the disadvantages of poor electrochemical reactivity.A new N-B codoped co-regulation Ti composite CC electrode(T-B-CC)is firstly generated and applied to ICRFB,where the REDOX reaction can be promoted significantly owing to the plentiful active sites generated on the modified electrode.As contrasted with ICRFB with normal CC electrode,after 50 battery charge/discharge cycles,the discharge capacity(1,990.3 mAh vs 1,155.8 mAh)and electrolyte utilization(61.88%vs 35.94%)of ICRFB with CC electrode(T-B-CC)are significantly improved.Furthermore,the energy efficiency(EE)is maintained at about 82.7%under 50 cycles,which is 9.3%higher than that of the pristine electrically assembled cells.The comodulation of heteroatom doping and the introduction of Ti catalysts is a simple and easy method to improve the dynamics of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)and Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)reactions,enhancing the performance of ICRFBs.
