The persistence of XBB-containing vaccine-induced immunity against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants remains uncertain,particularly in older adults,who are at increased risk of severe outcomes and may experience more rapid...The persistence of XBB-containing vaccine-induced immunity against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants remains uncertain,particularly in older adults,who are at increased risk of severe outcomes and may experience more rapid immune decline.We previously reported neutralizing antibody(nAb)responses 21 days after a single booster dose of trivalent XBB.1.5(Tri-XBB.1.5),bivalent Omicron XBB(Bi-Omi-XBB),or tetravalent XBB.1(Tetra-XBB.1)vaccines in a cohort of 90 older adults aged>65 years.In this six-month longitudinal follow-up analysis of the same cohort,we assessed nAb durability and SARS-CoV-2 infections to extend our earlier findings.Six months post-vaccination,the nAb titers decreased over time,with 2.5-4.6-fold reductions in the geometric mean titer against the variants KP.3.1.1 and XEC;however,the nAb titer remained detectable in most participants.The Tri-XBB.1.5 vaccine exhibited marginally better antibody persistence than the Bi-Omi-XBB and Tetra-XBB.1 vaccines did,suggesting potential formulation-dependent differences in long-term immunogenicity.Twenty-seven participants experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection,including 11(12.2%)confirmed by rapid antigen testing and 16(17.8%)classified as probably based on serological evidence,with relatively frequent infections in bivalent and tetravalent recipients.Lower nAb titers on day 21 were linked to early infections,whereas late infections reflected antibody waning.Infections transiently increased nAb levels,but the elevated titers were not sustained.These findings highlight the importance of updating booster formulations and improving vaccine designs to address emerging immune-evasive variants.展开更多
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new ...The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new SARS-CoV-2 variants,a gap remains in knowledge regarding neutralizing antibody responses in older adults aged>65 years against these newly emerged variants.This study was therefore undertaken to investigate and compare neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB-containing protein-based vaccines(trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine,bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine,and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccine)head-to-head in 90 individuals aged>65 years.The results showed that all three XBB-containing vaccines substantially enhanced the neutralizing antibody response,with 100%of vaccinees having detectable antibody titers against ancestral D614G and variants BA.5,XBB.1.5,JN.1,KP.2,and KP.3 after booster immunization.Subsequent analysis indicated that the trivalent XBB.1.5 and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccines elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine.The KP.2 and KP.3 variants displayed antibody resistance comparable to the JN.1 variant.Older adults produce similar neutralizing antibody responses to the vaccines regardless of their underlying medical conditions.These findings indicate that booster vaccination with XBB-containing vaccines can effectively elicit strong neutralizing responses against a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults over 65 years,which will help guide vaccine strategies in this elderly population.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273692 and 92169207).
文摘The persistence of XBB-containing vaccine-induced immunity against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants remains uncertain,particularly in older adults,who are at increased risk of severe outcomes and may experience more rapid immune decline.We previously reported neutralizing antibody(nAb)responses 21 days after a single booster dose of trivalent XBB.1.5(Tri-XBB.1.5),bivalent Omicron XBB(Bi-Omi-XBB),or tetravalent XBB.1(Tetra-XBB.1)vaccines in a cohort of 90 older adults aged>65 years.In this six-month longitudinal follow-up analysis of the same cohort,we assessed nAb durability and SARS-CoV-2 infections to extend our earlier findings.Six months post-vaccination,the nAb titers decreased over time,with 2.5-4.6-fold reductions in the geometric mean titer against the variants KP.3.1.1 and XEC;however,the nAb titer remained detectable in most participants.The Tri-XBB.1.5 vaccine exhibited marginally better antibody persistence than the Bi-Omi-XBB and Tetra-XBB.1 vaccines did,suggesting potential formulation-dependent differences in long-term immunogenicity.Twenty-seven participants experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection,including 11(12.2%)confirmed by rapid antigen testing and 16(17.8%)classified as probably based on serological evidence,with relatively frequent infections in bivalent and tetravalent recipients.Lower nAb titers on day 21 were linked to early infections,whereas late infections reflected antibody waning.Infections transiently increased nAb levels,but the elevated titers were not sustained.These findings highlight the importance of updating booster formulations and improving vaccine designs to address emerging immune-evasive variants.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273692 and 92169207).
文摘The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new SARS-CoV-2 variants,a gap remains in knowledge regarding neutralizing antibody responses in older adults aged>65 years against these newly emerged variants.This study was therefore undertaken to investigate and compare neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB-containing protein-based vaccines(trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine,bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine,and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccine)head-to-head in 90 individuals aged>65 years.The results showed that all three XBB-containing vaccines substantially enhanced the neutralizing antibody response,with 100%of vaccinees having detectable antibody titers against ancestral D614G and variants BA.5,XBB.1.5,JN.1,KP.2,and KP.3 after booster immunization.Subsequent analysis indicated that the trivalent XBB.1.5 and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccines elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine.The KP.2 and KP.3 variants displayed antibody resistance comparable to the JN.1 variant.Older adults produce similar neutralizing antibody responses to the vaccines regardless of their underlying medical conditions.These findings indicate that booster vaccination with XBB-containing vaccines can effectively elicit strong neutralizing responses against a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults over 65 years,which will help guide vaccine strategies in this elderly population.
