With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization,the environment is deteriorating rapidly,and non-renewable energy resources are depleted.The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage techno...With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization,the environment is deteriorating rapidly,and non-renewable energy resources are depleted.The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage technologies is particularly urgent.Electrochemical energy storage technologies have been widely used in multiple fields,especially supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries,as vital elements of storing renewable energy.In recent years,two-dimensional material MXene has shown great potential in energy and multiple application fields thanks to its excellent electrical properties,large specific surface area,and tunability.Based on the layered materials of MXene,researchers have successfully achieved the dual functions of energy storage and conversion by adjusting the surface terminals at the Fermi level.It is worth noting that compared with other two-dimensional materials,MXene has more active sites on the basal plane,showing excellent catalytic performance.In contrast,other two-dimensional materials have catalytic activity only at the edge sites.This article comprehensively overviews the synthesis process,structural characteristics,modification methods for MXene-based polymer materials,and their applications in electrochemical energy storage.It also briefly discusses the potential of MXene-polymer materials in electromagnetic shielding technology and sensors and looks forward to future research directions.展开更多
Annealing treatment is an effective strategy to enhance the comprehensive properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn(LAZ832)alloy,where the cooling rate plays a decisive role in tailoring microstructure and performance.This study s...Annealing treatment is an effective strategy to enhance the comprehensive properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn(LAZ832)alloy,where the cooling rate plays a decisive role in tailoring microstructure and performance.This study systematically investigates the effects of cooling rates,controlled via water quenching(WC),air cooling(AC),and furnace cooling(FC),on the phase evolution,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of LAZ832.The annealed microstructure consists ofα-Mg,β-Li,AlLi,and MgLi_(2)Al phases,and the volume fraction of Al-Li phases(AlLi and MgLi_(2)Al)increases as the cooling rate decreases.Strengthening mechanisms are dominated by solid solution strengthening,driven by the dissolution of Al and Zn atoms into the matrix,which significantly enhances tensile strength.However,excessive solute content leads to a marked decline in ductility.Scanning probe microscope(SPM)reveals an elevated work function due to the dissolution of Al and Zn atoms into the matrix phase,correlating with improved corrosion resistance.Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that air cooling achieves an optimal balance between tensile strength,ductility,and corrosion resistance,outperforming furnace-cooled samples and offering a pragmatic compromise compared to water-quenched specimens with higher strength but brittle failure.These findings establish a robust framework for designing LAZ832 alloys with tailored microstructures and multi-property optimization,advancing their application in lightweight engineering fields.展开更多
Haemaphysalis longicornis serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS).Understa...Haemaphysalis longicornis serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS).Understanding alterations in tick salivary gland microbiota during SFTSV transmission to vertebrate hosts is essential for developing novel control strategies.However,microbial shifts in tick salivary glands during pathogen transmission to hosts have not been reported for any tick-borne pathogens.In this study,SFTSV transmission from H.longicornis to vertebrate hosts was confirmed using a tickrabbit transmission model.Salivary gland microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified significant changes in bacterial composition associated with viral transmission.The relative abundance of three genera(Serratia,Bifidobacterium,and Akkermansia)increased,whereas five genera(Flavobacterium,Staphylococcus,Enhydrobacter,Massilia,and Stenotrophomonas)decreased.Correlation network analysis revealed a negative association between Akkermansia and Flavobacterium.These findings demonstrated that SFTSV transmission alters the salivary gland microbiota of H.longicornis,providing insights for future functional studies and the development of targeted strategies for SFTS control.展开更多
BACKGROUND With accumulating evidence showing a benefit in the renal and cardiovascular systems,diabetes guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease(CKD)be treated with sodium-glucose c...BACKGROUND With accumulating evidence showing a benefit in the renal and cardiovascular systems,diabetes guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease(CKD)be treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor(SGLT2i)and/or glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for renal protection.The real-world efficacy of the two medications on the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio(UACR)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)remains to be explored.AIM To evaluate the SGLT2i and GLP-1RA application rates and UACR alterations after intervention in a real-world cohort of patients with diabetes.METHODS A cohort of 5482 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and followed up at the Integrated Care Clinic for Diabetes of Peking University First Hospital for at least 6 months.Propensity score matching was performed,and patients who were not recommended for GLP-1RA or SGLT2i with comparable sex categories and ages were assigned to the control group at a 1:2 ratio.Blood glucose,body weight,UACR and eGFR were evaluated after 6 months of treatment in real-world clinical practice.RESULTS A total of 139(2.54%)patients started GLP-1RA,and 387(7.06%)received SGLT2i.After 6 months,the variations in fasting blood glucose,prandial blood glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin between the GLP-1RA group and the SGLT2i and control groups were not significantly different.UACR showed a tendency toward a greater reduction compared with the control group,although this difference was not statistically significant(GLP-1RA vs control,-2.20 vs 30.16 mg/g,P=0.812;SGLT2i vs control,-20.61 vs 12.01 mg/g,P=0.327);eGFR alteration also showed no significant differences.Significant weight loss was observed in the GLP-1RA group compared with the control group(GLP-1RA vs control,-0.90 vs 0.27 kg,P<0.001),as well as in the SGLT2i group(SGLT2i vs control,-0.59 vs-0.03 kg,P=0.010).CONCLUSION Compared with patients who received other glucose-lowering drugs,patients receiving SGLT2i or GLP-1RAs presented significant weight loss,a decreasing trend in UACR and comparable glucose-lowering effects in realworld settings.展开更多
Electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction (NRR) has been considered as a promising and alternative strategy for the synthesis of NH_(3),which will contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality and sustainability.However,...Electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction (NRR) has been considered as a promising and alternative strategy for the synthesis of NH_(3),which will contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality and sustainability.However,this process often suffers from the barrier for N_(2)activation and competitive reactions,resulting in poor NH_(3)yield and low Faraday efficiency (FE).Here,we report a two-dimensiona(2D) ultrathin FeS nanosheets with high conductivity through a facile and scalable method under mild condition.The synthesized FeS catalysts can be used as the work electrode in the electrochemical NRR cell with N_(2)-saturated Na_(2)SO_(4)electrolyte.Such a catalyst shows a NH_(3)yield of 9.0μg·h^(-1)·mg^(-1)(corresponding to 1.47×10^(-4)μmol·s^(-1)·cm^(-2)) and a high FE of 12.4%,which significantly outperformed the other most NRR catalysts.The high catalytic performance of FeS can be attributed to the 2D mackinawite structure,which provides a new insight to explore low-cost and high-performance Fe-based electrocatalysts,as well as accelerates the practical application of the NRR.展开更多
Cockayne syndrome(CS)group B(CSB),which results from mutations in the excision repair cross-complementation group 6(ERCC6)genes,which produce CSB protein,is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple pro...Cockayne syndrome(CS)group B(CSB),which results from mutations in the excision repair cross-complementation group 6(ERCC6)genes,which produce CSB protein,is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple progressive disorders including growth failure,microcephaly,skin photosensitivity,and premature aging.Clinical data show that brain atrophy,demyelination,and calcification are the main neurological manifestations of CS,which progress with time.Neuronal loss and calcification occur in various brain areas,particularly the cerebellum and basal ganglia,resulting in dyskinesia,ataxia,and limb tremors in CSB patients.However,the understanding of neurodevelopmental defects in CS has been constrained by the lack of significant neurodevelopmental and functional abnormalities observed in CSB-deficient mice.In this review,we focus on elucidating the protein structure and distribution of CSB and delve into the impact of CSB mutations on the development and function of the nervous system.In addition,we provide an overview of research models that have been instrumental in exploring CS disorders,with a forward-looking perspective on the substantial contributions that brain organoids are poised to further advance this field.展开更多
The epidemic characters of Omicron(e.g.large-scale transmission)are significantly different from the initial variants of COVID-19.The data generated by large-scale transmission is important to predict the trend of epi...The epidemic characters of Omicron(e.g.large-scale transmission)are significantly different from the initial variants of COVID-19.The data generated by large-scale transmission is important to predict the trend of epidemic characters.However,the re-sults of current prediction models are inaccurate since they are not closely combined with the actual situation of Omicron transmission.In consequence,these inaccurate results have negative impacts on the process of the manufacturing and the service industry,for example,the production of masks and the recovery of the tourism industry.The authors have studied the epidemic characters in two ways,that is,investigation and prediction.First,a large amount of data is collected by utilising the Baidu index and conduct questionnaire survey concerning epidemic characters.Second,theβ-SEIDR model is established,where the population is classified as Susceptible,Exposed,Infected,Dead andβ-Recovered persons,to intelligently predict the epidemic characters of COVID-19.Note thatβ-Recovered persons denote that the Recovered persons may become Sus-ceptible persons with probabilityβ.The simulation results show that the model can accurately predict the epidemic characters.展开更多
The interplay between DNA replication stress and immune microenvironment alterations is known to play a crucial role in colorectal tumorigenesis,but a comprehensive understanding of their association with and relevant...The interplay between DNA replication stress and immune microenvironment alterations is known to play a crucial role in colorectal tumorigenesis,but a comprehensive understanding of their association with and relevant biomarkers involved in colorectal tumorigenesis is lacking.To address this gap,we conducted a study aiming to investigate this association and identify relevant biomarkers.We analyzed transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of 904 colorectal tumor tissues and 342 normal tissues to examine pathway enrichment,biological activity,and the immune microenvironment.Additionally,we evaluated genetic effects of single variants and genes on colorectal cancer susceptibility using data from genome-wide association studies(GWASs)involving both East Asian(7062 cases and 195745 controls)and European(24476 cases and 23073 controls)populations.We employed mediation analysis to infer the causal pathway,and applied multiplex immunofluorescence to visualize colocalized biomarkers in colorectal tumors and immune cells.Our findings revealed that both DNA replication activity and the flap structure-specific endonuclease 1(FEN1)gene were significantly enriched in colorectal tumor tissues,compared with normal tissues.Moreover,a genetic variant rs4246215 G>T in FEN1 was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer(odds ratio=0.94,95%confidence interval:0.90–0.97,P_(meta)=4.70×10^(-9)).Importantly,we identified basophils and eosinophils that both exhibited a significantly decreased infiltration in colorectal tumors,and were regulated by rs4246215 through causal pathways involving both FEN1 and DNA replication.In conclusion,this trans-omics incorporating GWAS data provides insights into a plausible pathway connecting DNA replication and immunity,expanding biological knowledge of colorectal tumorigenesis and therapeutic targets.展开更多
The authors regret that the grant number“21CJ1402200”in the Acknowledgments session should be replaced as“21JC1402200”.The corrected contents areprovided as follows.
Burkholderia(B.)pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium causing melioidosis,a tropical infection that is being recognized as a growing public health problem[1].Melioidosis,with mortality rates ranging from under 10%...Burkholderia(B.)pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium causing melioidosis,a tropical infection that is being recognized as a growing public health problem[1].Melioidosis,with mortality rates ranging from under 10%to 40%,is a significant concern in Southeast Asia,Australia,and beyond[2].The underdiagnosis,particularly in rural areas,emphasizes the need for improved awareness,surveillance,and management,potentially classifying melioidosis as a neglected tropical disease[3].展开更多
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a salt-sensitive crop,and its production is severely affected by saline soils.Therefore,the response of soybean seeds to salt stress during germination was investigated at both ph...Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a salt-sensitive crop,and its production is severely affected by saline soils.Therefore,the response of soybean seeds to salt stress during germination was investigated at both physiological and proteomic levels.The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.In both cultivars,the final germination percentage was not affected by salt,but the mean germination times of Lee68 and N2899 were delayed by 0.3 and 1.0 d,respectively,compared with controls.In response to salt stress,the abscisic acid content increased,and gibberellic acid (GA1+3) and isopentenyladenosine decreased.Indole-3-acetic acid increased in Lee68,but remained unchanged in N2899.The proteins extracted from germinated seeds were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE),followed by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining.About 350 protein spots from 2-DE gels of pH range 3 to 10 and 650 spots from gels of pH range 4 to 7 were reproducibly resolved,of which 18 protein spots showed changes in abundance as a result of salt stress in both cultivars.After matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of the differentially expressed proteins,the peptide mass fingerprint was searched against the soybean UniGene database and nine proteins were successfully identified.Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6 were up-regulated in both cultivars.Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9,GST 10,and seed maturation protein PM36 were down-regulated in Lee68 by salt,but still remained at a certain level.However,these proteins were present in lower levels in control N2899 and were up-regulated under salt stress.The results indicate that these proteins might have important roles in defense mechanisms against salt stress during soybean seed germination.展开更多
Severe pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and the leading cause of sepsis and septic shock.Preventing infection,balancing the patient’s immune status,and anti-coagulation therapy are all importan...Severe pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and the leading cause of sepsis and septic shock.Preventing infection,balancing the patient’s immune status,and anti-coagulation therapy are all important elements in the treatment of severe pneumonia.As multi-target agents,Xuebijing injection(XBJ)has shown unique advantages in targeting complex conditions and saving the lives of patients with severe pneumonia.This review outlines progress in the understanding of XBJ’s anti-inflammatory,endotoxin antagonism,and anticoagulation effects.From the hundreds of publications released over the past few years,the key results from representative clinical studies of XBJ in the treatment of severe pneumonia were selected and summarized.XBJ was observed to effectively suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines,counter the effects of endotoxin,and assert an anticoagulation effect in most clinical trials,which are consistent with experimental studies.Collectively,this evidence suggests that XBJ could play an important and expanding role in clinical medicine,especially for sepsis,septic shock and severe pneumonia.展开更多
On 22 May 2021,the Maduo Earthquake occurred on a branch fault of the East Kunlun fault in the Bayan Har Block,which provides opportunity to constrain fault geometry and strain accumulation and release for assessment ...On 22 May 2021,the Maduo Earthquake occurred on a branch fault of the East Kunlun fault in the Bayan Har Block,which provides opportunity to constrain fault geometry and strain accumulation and release for assessment of earthquake hazards.We processed the Sentinal-1A/B SAR images acquired before and after the earthquake,with which we constrained a finite fault model to best fit to the combined data set of downsampled InSAR image and GPS displacements.The inversion indicates that the Maduo event ruptured a 160 km long section striking 286.5°and a dipping 81.39°with rake angle of 4.62°.The model suggests three compact rupture areas with the slip amplitude exceeding 4 m on the main rupture section and the largest slip region is in the east of the epicenter with a slip of approximately 4.6 m below the surface,in a good agreement with the field geological survey.The total geodetic moment is 1.67×10^(20) N·m equivalent to Mw7.44,slightly larger than estimate of the USGS.展开更多
The effect of hot-humid exposure(i.e., 40 C and 98% R.H.) on the quasi-static strength of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys was studied. Test results show that the hot-humid exposure leads to the significant decreas...The effect of hot-humid exposure(i.e., 40 C and 98% R.H.) on the quasi-static strength of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys was studied. Test results show that the hot-humid exposure leads to the significant decrease in the joint strength and the change of the failure mode from a mixed cohesive and adhesive failure with cohesive failure being dominant to adhesive failure being dominant. Careful analyses of the results reveal that the physical bond is likely responsible for the bond adhesion between L adhesive and aluminum substrates. The reduction in joint strength and the change of the failure mode resulted from the degradation in bond adhesion, which was primarily attributed to the corrosion of aluminum substrate. In addition, the elevated temperature exposure significantly accelerated the corrosion reaction of aluminum, which accelerated the degradation in joint strength.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in the Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-ZD-25)Shaanxi Province(Qin ChuangYuan)“Scientist+Engineer”Team Building(No.2022KXJ-040)+1 种基金Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Key Scientific Research Project(No.22JY024)Science and Technology Guidance Project Plan of China National Textile and Apparel Council(No.2022038,2023018).
文摘With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization,the environment is deteriorating rapidly,and non-renewable energy resources are depleted.The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage technologies is particularly urgent.Electrochemical energy storage technologies have been widely used in multiple fields,especially supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries,as vital elements of storing renewable energy.In recent years,two-dimensional material MXene has shown great potential in energy and multiple application fields thanks to its excellent electrical properties,large specific surface area,and tunability.Based on the layered materials of MXene,researchers have successfully achieved the dual functions of energy storage and conversion by adjusting the surface terminals at the Fermi level.It is worth noting that compared with other two-dimensional materials,MXene has more active sites on the basal plane,showing excellent catalytic performance.In contrast,other two-dimensional materials have catalytic activity only at the edge sites.This article comprehensively overviews the synthesis process,structural characteristics,modification methods for MXene-based polymer materials,and their applications in electrochemical energy storage.It also briefly discusses the potential of MXene-polymer materials in electromagnetic shielding technology and sensors and looks forward to future research directions.
基金the financial support of the Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Anhui Polytechnic University of China(Grant No.2200YQQ049)the Excellent Scientific Research and Innovation Teams of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.2022AH010059).
文摘Annealing treatment is an effective strategy to enhance the comprehensive properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn(LAZ832)alloy,where the cooling rate plays a decisive role in tailoring microstructure and performance.This study systematically investigates the effects of cooling rates,controlled via water quenching(WC),air cooling(AC),and furnace cooling(FC),on the phase evolution,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of LAZ832.The annealed microstructure consists ofα-Mg,β-Li,AlLi,and MgLi_(2)Al phases,and the volume fraction of Al-Li phases(AlLi and MgLi_(2)Al)increases as the cooling rate decreases.Strengthening mechanisms are dominated by solid solution strengthening,driven by the dissolution of Al and Zn atoms into the matrix,which significantly enhances tensile strength.However,excessive solute content leads to a marked decline in ductility.Scanning probe microscope(SPM)reveals an elevated work function due to the dissolution of Al and Zn atoms into the matrix phase,correlating with improved corrosion resistance.Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that air cooling achieves an optimal balance between tensile strength,ductility,and corrosion resistance,outperforming furnace-cooled samples and offering a pragmatic compromise compared to water-quenched specimens with higher strength but brittle failure.These findings establish a robust framework for designing LAZ832 alloys with tailored microstructures and multi-property optimization,advancing their application in lightweight engineering fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102433,32160124,32370522,32090014)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(822RC711,821QN254)。
文摘Haemaphysalis longicornis serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS).Understanding alterations in tick salivary gland microbiota during SFTSV transmission to vertebrate hosts is essential for developing novel control strategies.However,microbial shifts in tick salivary glands during pathogen transmission to hosts have not been reported for any tick-borne pathogens.In this study,SFTSV transmission from H.longicornis to vertebrate hosts was confirmed using a tickrabbit transmission model.Salivary gland microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified significant changes in bacterial composition associated with viral transmission.The relative abundance of three genera(Serratia,Bifidobacterium,and Akkermansia)increased,whereas five genera(Flavobacterium,Staphylococcus,Enhydrobacter,Massilia,and Stenotrophomonas)decreased.Correlation network analysis revealed a negative association between Akkermansia and Flavobacterium.These findings demonstrated that SFTSV transmission alters the salivary gland microbiota of H.longicornis,providing insights for future functional studies and the development of targeted strategies for SFTS control.
基金Peking University First Hospital Institutional Review Board(No.2018104).
文摘BACKGROUND With accumulating evidence showing a benefit in the renal and cardiovascular systems,diabetes guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease(CKD)be treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor(SGLT2i)and/or glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for renal protection.The real-world efficacy of the two medications on the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio(UACR)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)remains to be explored.AIM To evaluate the SGLT2i and GLP-1RA application rates and UACR alterations after intervention in a real-world cohort of patients with diabetes.METHODS A cohort of 5482 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and followed up at the Integrated Care Clinic for Diabetes of Peking University First Hospital for at least 6 months.Propensity score matching was performed,and patients who were not recommended for GLP-1RA or SGLT2i with comparable sex categories and ages were assigned to the control group at a 1:2 ratio.Blood glucose,body weight,UACR and eGFR were evaluated after 6 months of treatment in real-world clinical practice.RESULTS A total of 139(2.54%)patients started GLP-1RA,and 387(7.06%)received SGLT2i.After 6 months,the variations in fasting blood glucose,prandial blood glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin between the GLP-1RA group and the SGLT2i and control groups were not significantly different.UACR showed a tendency toward a greater reduction compared with the control group,although this difference was not statistically significant(GLP-1RA vs control,-2.20 vs 30.16 mg/g,P=0.812;SGLT2i vs control,-20.61 vs 12.01 mg/g,P=0.327);eGFR alteration also showed no significant differences.Significant weight loss was observed in the GLP-1RA group compared with the control group(GLP-1RA vs control,-0.90 vs 0.27 kg,P<0.001),as well as in the SGLT2i group(SGLT2i vs control,-0.59 vs-0.03 kg,P=0.010).CONCLUSION Compared with patients who received other glucose-lowering drugs,patients receiving SGLT2i or GLP-1RAs presented significant weight loss,a decreasing trend in UACR and comparable glucose-lowering effects in realworld settings.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China (Nos. 202303021222190, 202203021212243, and 2023L160)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22202151 and 22209033)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Normal University, China (No. J CYJ2023015)。
文摘Electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction (NRR) has been considered as a promising and alternative strategy for the synthesis of NH_(3),which will contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality and sustainability.However,this process often suffers from the barrier for N_(2)activation and competitive reactions,resulting in poor NH_(3)yield and low Faraday efficiency (FE).Here,we report a two-dimensiona(2D) ultrathin FeS nanosheets with high conductivity through a facile and scalable method under mild condition.The synthesized FeS catalysts can be used as the work electrode in the electrochemical NRR cell with N_(2)-saturated Na_(2)SO_(4)electrolyte.Such a catalyst shows a NH_(3)yield of 9.0μg·h^(-1)·mg^(-1)(corresponding to 1.47×10^(-4)μmol·s^(-1)·cm^(-2)) and a high FE of 12.4%,which significantly outperformed the other most NRR catalysts.The high catalytic performance of FeS can be attributed to the 2D mackinawite structure,which provides a new insight to explore low-cost and high-performance Fe-based electrocatalysts,as well as accelerates the practical application of the NRR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32000692 and 32200816).
文摘Cockayne syndrome(CS)group B(CSB),which results from mutations in the excision repair cross-complementation group 6(ERCC6)genes,which produce CSB protein,is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple progressive disorders including growth failure,microcephaly,skin photosensitivity,and premature aging.Clinical data show that brain atrophy,demyelination,and calcification are the main neurological manifestations of CS,which progress with time.Neuronal loss and calcification occur in various brain areas,particularly the cerebellum and basal ganglia,resulting in dyskinesia,ataxia,and limb tremors in CSB patients.However,the understanding of neurodevelopmental defects in CS has been constrained by the lack of significant neurodevelopmental and functional abnormalities observed in CSB-deficient mice.In this review,we focus on elucidating the protein structure and distribution of CSB and delve into the impact of CSB mutations on the development and function of the nervous system.In addition,we provide an overview of research models that have been instrumental in exploring CS disorders,with a forward-looking perspective on the substantial contributions that brain organoids are poised to further advance this field.
基金Key discipline construction project for traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangdong province,Grant/Award Number:20220104The construction project of inheritance studio of national famous and old traditional Chinese Medicine experts,Grant/Award Number:140000020132。
文摘The epidemic characters of Omicron(e.g.large-scale transmission)are significantly different from the initial variants of COVID-19.The data generated by large-scale transmission is important to predict the trend of epidemic characters.However,the re-sults of current prediction models are inaccurate since they are not closely combined with the actual situation of Omicron transmission.In consequence,these inaccurate results have negative impacts on the process of the manufacturing and the service industry,for example,the production of masks and the recovery of the tourism industry.The authors have studied the epidemic characters in two ways,that is,investigation and prediction.First,a large amount of data is collected by utilising the Baidu index and conduct questionnaire survey concerning epidemic characters.Second,theβ-SEIDR model is established,where the population is classified as Susceptible,Exposed,Infected,Dead andβ-Recovered persons,to intelligently predict the epidemic characters of COVID-19.Note thatβ-Recovered persons denote that the Recovered persons may become Sus-ceptible persons with probabilityβ.The simulation results show that the model can accurately predict the epidemic characters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973108,No.21921004 to Minghui Yang,No.21973109 to Hongwei Song,No.11304095 to Rui Zheng)the supports of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420494)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,China(No.T151907)Zhongyuan University of Technology(No.K2022TD002)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82173601)Yili&Jiangsu Joint Institute of Health(Grant No.yl2021ms02).
文摘The interplay between DNA replication stress and immune microenvironment alterations is known to play a crucial role in colorectal tumorigenesis,but a comprehensive understanding of their association with and relevant biomarkers involved in colorectal tumorigenesis is lacking.To address this gap,we conducted a study aiming to investigate this association and identify relevant biomarkers.We analyzed transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of 904 colorectal tumor tissues and 342 normal tissues to examine pathway enrichment,biological activity,and the immune microenvironment.Additionally,we evaluated genetic effects of single variants and genes on colorectal cancer susceptibility using data from genome-wide association studies(GWASs)involving both East Asian(7062 cases and 195745 controls)and European(24476 cases and 23073 controls)populations.We employed mediation analysis to infer the causal pathway,and applied multiplex immunofluorescence to visualize colocalized biomarkers in colorectal tumors and immune cells.Our findings revealed that both DNA replication activity and the flap structure-specific endonuclease 1(FEN1)gene were significantly enriched in colorectal tumor tissues,compared with normal tissues.Moreover,a genetic variant rs4246215 G>T in FEN1 was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer(odds ratio=0.94,95%confidence interval:0.90–0.97,P_(meta)=4.70×10^(-9)).Importantly,we identified basophils and eosinophils that both exhibited a significantly decreased infiltration in colorectal tumors,and were regulated by rs4246215 through causal pathways involving both FEN1 and DNA replication.In conclusion,this trans-omics incorporating GWAS data provides insights into a plausible pathway connecting DNA replication and immunity,expanding biological knowledge of colorectal tumorigenesis and therapeutic targets.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0110802 and 2019YFA0802800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025023,31971366)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology(21JC1402200,20140900200)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-05-E00054)。
文摘The authors regret that the grant number“21CJ1402200”in the Acknowledgments session should be replaced as“21JC1402200”.The corrected contents areprovided as follows.
基金This work was supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(824QN269)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project(KJRC2023D29)+1 种基金as well as the Major Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province(Grants No.ZDKJ202003 and ZDKJ2021036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.81960002 and 82370018).
文摘Burkholderia(B.)pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium causing melioidosis,a tropical infection that is being recognized as a growing public health problem[1].Melioidosis,with mortality rates ranging from under 10%to 40%,is a significant concern in Southeast Asia,Australia,and beyond[2].The underdiagnosis,particularly in rural areas,emphasizes the need for improved awareness,surveillance,and management,potentially classifying melioidosis as a neglected tropical disease[3].
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30800692)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (Nos. 2010CB125906 and 2009CB118400)the National High-Tech R & D Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA10Z1C1)
文摘Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a salt-sensitive crop,and its production is severely affected by saline soils.Therefore,the response of soybean seeds to salt stress during germination was investigated at both physiological and proteomic levels.The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.In both cultivars,the final germination percentage was not affected by salt,but the mean germination times of Lee68 and N2899 were delayed by 0.3 and 1.0 d,respectively,compared with controls.In response to salt stress,the abscisic acid content increased,and gibberellic acid (GA1+3) and isopentenyladenosine decreased.Indole-3-acetic acid increased in Lee68,but remained unchanged in N2899.The proteins extracted from germinated seeds were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE),followed by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining.About 350 protein spots from 2-DE gels of pH range 3 to 10 and 650 spots from gels of pH range 4 to 7 were reproducibly resolved,of which 18 protein spots showed changes in abundance as a result of salt stress in both cultivars.After matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of the differentially expressed proteins,the peptide mass fingerprint was searched against the soybean UniGene database and nine proteins were successfully identified.Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6 were up-regulated in both cultivars.Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9,GST 10,and seed maturation protein PM36 were down-regulated in Lee68 by salt,but still remained at a certain level.However,these proteins were present in lower levels in control N2899 and were up-regulated under salt stress.The results indicate that these proteins might have important roles in defense mechanisms against salt stress during soybean seed germination.
基金This work was supported by the second batch of"Ten thousand plan"-National high-level talents special support plan(No.W02020052)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072247,82204937)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.L222150)the China Scholarship Council(No.202206557005)。
文摘Severe pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and the leading cause of sepsis and septic shock.Preventing infection,balancing the patient’s immune status,and anti-coagulation therapy are all important elements in the treatment of severe pneumonia.As multi-target agents,Xuebijing injection(XBJ)has shown unique advantages in targeting complex conditions and saving the lives of patients with severe pneumonia.This review outlines progress in the understanding of XBJ’s anti-inflammatory,endotoxin antagonism,and anticoagulation effects.From the hundreds of publications released over the past few years,the key results from representative clinical studies of XBJ in the treatment of severe pneumonia were selected and summarized.XBJ was observed to effectively suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines,counter the effects of endotoxin,and assert an anticoagulation effect in most clinical trials,which are consistent with experimental studies.Collectively,this evidence suggests that XBJ could play an important and expanding role in clinical medicine,especially for sepsis,septic shock and severe pneumonia.
文摘On 22 May 2021,the Maduo Earthquake occurred on a branch fault of the East Kunlun fault in the Bayan Har Block,which provides opportunity to constrain fault geometry and strain accumulation and release for assessment of earthquake hazards.We processed the Sentinal-1A/B SAR images acquired before and after the earthquake,with which we constrained a finite fault model to best fit to the combined data set of downsampled InSAR image and GPS displacements.The inversion indicates that the Maduo event ruptured a 160 km long section striking 286.5°and a dipping 81.39°with rake angle of 4.62°.The model suggests three compact rupture areas with the slip amplitude exceeding 4 m on the main rupture section and the largest slip region is in the east of the epicenter with a slip of approximately 4.6 m below the surface,in a good agreement with the field geological survey.The total geodetic moment is 1.67×10^(20) N·m equivalent to Mw7.44,slightly larger than estimate of the USGS.
基金funded by General Motors Global Research and Development Center(Grant No.:PS21025708)
文摘The effect of hot-humid exposure(i.e., 40 C and 98% R.H.) on the quasi-static strength of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys was studied. Test results show that the hot-humid exposure leads to the significant decrease in the joint strength and the change of the failure mode from a mixed cohesive and adhesive failure with cohesive failure being dominant to adhesive failure being dominant. Careful analyses of the results reveal that the physical bond is likely responsible for the bond adhesion between L adhesive and aluminum substrates. The reduction in joint strength and the change of the failure mode resulted from the degradation in bond adhesion, which was primarily attributed to the corrosion of aluminum substrate. In addition, the elevated temperature exposure significantly accelerated the corrosion reaction of aluminum, which accelerated the degradation in joint strength.
